EN 60544-1:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2014
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SIST EN 60544-1:1998
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Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation - Part 1:
Radiation interaction and dosimetry
Matériaux isolants électriques - Détermination des effets des rayonnements ionisants -
Partie 1: Interaction des rayonnements et dosimétrie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60544-1:2013
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
29.035.01 Izolacijski materiali na Insulating materials in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60544-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2013
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 Supersedes EN 60544-1:1994

English version
Electrical insulating materials -
Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation -
Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry
(IEC 60544-1:2013)
Matériaux isolants électriques -  Elektroisolierstoffe - Bestimmung der
Détermination des effets des Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung -
rayonnements ionisants - Teil 1: Einfluss der Strahlenwirkung und
Partie 1: Interaction des rayonnements et Dosimetrie
dosimétrie (IEC 60544-1:2013)
(CEI 60544-1:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-08-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60544-1:2013 E
Foreword
The text of document 112/254/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60544-1, prepared by IEC TC 112 "Evaluation
and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60544-1:2013.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2014-05-01
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2016-08-01
standards conflicting with the

document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60544-1:1994.
a) recent advances in simulation methods of radiation interaction with different matter enables the
prediction of the energy-deposition profile in matter and design the irradiation procedure;
b) many new dosimetry systems have become available.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60544-1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
ISO 11137 series NOTE  Harmonised in EN ISO 11137 series.

- 3 - EN 60544-1:2013
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60544-2 - Electrical insulating materials - Determination EN 60544-2 -
of the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating
materials -
Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test

IEC 60544-4 - Electrical insulating materials - Determination EN 60544-4 -
of the effects of ionizing radiation -
Part 4: Classification system for service in
radiation environments
IEC 60544-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electrical insulating materials – Determination of the effects of ionizing

radiation –
Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry

Matériaux isolants électriques – Détermination des effets des rayonnements

ionisants –
Partie 1: Interaction des rayonnements et dosimétrie

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-83220-894-6

– 2 – 60544-1 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Radiation-induced changes and their evaluation . 9
4.1 General . 9
4.2 Permanent changes . 9
4.3 Environmental conditions and material geometry . 9
4.4 Post-irradiation effects . 9
4.5 Temporary effects . 9
5 Facilities for irradiation of material samples for evaluation of properties . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Gamma-ray irradiators . 10
5.3 Electron-beam irradiators . 10
5.4 X-ray (Bremsstrahlung) irradiators . 11
6 Dosimetry methods . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Absolute dosimetry methods . 12
6.2.1 Gamma-rays . 12
6.2.2 Electron beams . 12
6.3 Dosimetry systems . 12
6.3.1 Reference standard dosimetry systems . 12
6.3.2 Routine dosimetry systems . 13
6.3.3 Measurement uncertainty . 14
6.3.4 Dosimeter calibration . 15
6.3.5 Dosimeter selection . 15
7 Characterization of irradiation facilities . 16
8 Dose mapping of samples for test . 16
8.1 Charged particle equilibrium . 16
8.2 Depth-dose distribution (limitations) . 16
9 Monitoring of the irradiation . 17
Annex A (informative) Radiation chemical aspects in interaction and dosimetry . 18
Bibliography . 31

Figure A.1 – Absorbed dose as a function of thickness . 19
Figure A.2 – Absorber thickness for charged-particle equilibrium as a function of
23 -3
energy for a material with an electron density of 3,3 × 10 cm (water). 20
Figure A.3 – Thickness of water (1 g/cm ) as a function of photon energy for a given
attenuation of unidirectional X-ray or γ-ray radiation . 21
Figure A.4 – Typical depth-dose distribution in a homogeneous material obtained with
electron accelerators for radiation processing . 25
Figure A.5 – Example of calculated results of energy deposition function, I(z′), for a
slab layer of polyethylene exposed to 1 MeV electron . 25
Figure A.6 – Example of calculated results of energy deposition function, I(z′), for
typical organic insulators exposed to 1 MeV electron . 26

60544-1 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
Figure A.7 – Two methods of arranging the irradiation samples in order to take into
account the typical depth-dose distributions . 27
Figure A.8 – Methods of arranging the irradiation samples for measuring electron
depth-dose distributions with a stack of slab insulating materials and wedge-shape
insulating materials . 28
Figure A.9 – Scheme of radiation effects of polymers. 29

Table 1 – Examples of reference standard dosimeters . 13
Table 2 – Examples of routine dosimeter systems . 14
Table A.1 – Electron mass collision stopping powers, S/ρ (MeV cm /g) . 23
Table A.2 – Photon mass energy absorption coefficients, µ /ρ (cm /g) . 24
en
– 4 – 60544-1 © IEC:2013
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS –
DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION –

Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The f
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