EN 16286-2:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2024
Železniške naprave - Prehodni sistemi med vozili - 2. del: Meritve akustike
Railway applications - Gangway systems between vehicles - Part 2: Acoustic
measurements
Bahnanwendungen - Übergangssysteme zwischen Fahrzeugen - Teil 2: Messung der
Akustik
Applications ferroviaires - Système d'intercirculations entre véhicules - Partie 2: Mesures
acoustiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16286-2:2023
ICS:
17.140.30 Emisija hrupa transportnih Noise emitted by means of
sredstev transport
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 16286-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 45.060.20 Supersedes EN 16286-2:2013
English Version
Railway applications - Gangway systems between vehicles
- Part 2: Acoustic measurements
Applications ferroviaires - Système d'intercirculations Bahnanwendungen - Übergangssysteme zwischen
entre véhicules - Partie 2: Mesures acoustiques Fahrzeugen - Teil 2: Messung der Akustik
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 October 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16286-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols . 13
4 Instrumentation and calibration . 15
4.1 Instrumentation . 15
4.2 Calibration . 15
5 Test setup . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Test setup type 1 . 15
5.3 Test setup type 2 . 16
5.4 Test setup type 3 . 18
6 Test procedure . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Generation of sound field . 19
6.3 Sound pressure level in the source room . 19
6.4 Measurement of average sound intensity level on the measurement surface . 20
6.4.1 General . 20
6.4.2 Measurement surface . 20
6.4.3 Qualification of the measurement surface . 20
6.4.4 Scanning procedure . 21
6.4.5 Procedure using discrete positions . 22
6.4.6 Scanning procedure for one measurement area . 22
6.4.7 Scanning procedure for a partial measurement surface S . 22
mc
6.5 Background noise . 23
6.6 Frequency range of measurements . 23
7 Presentation of results . 23
8 Quality of the measurements . 23
8.1 Deviations from the requirements . 23
8.2 Measurement uncertainties . 23
9 Test report . 24
Annex A (normative) Method to qualify the sound field on the surface of the test specimen
in the source room . 25
Figure A.1 — Possible setup to achieve a constant distance of 10 mm . 25
Table A.1 — Maximum acceptable deviation values ΔL . 26
c
Bibliography . 27
European foreword
This document (EN 16286-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16286-2:2013.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) normative references have been updated;
b) terms and definitions have been revised;
c) requirements on measurement setup (now “test setup”) have been revised;
d) requirements on test procedure have been revised;
e) requirements on measurement tolerances (now “measurement uncertainties”) have been revised;
f) requirements on test report have been revised;
g) Annex A has been revised.
The EN 16286 series of European Standards, Railway applications — Gangway systems between vehicles,
consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Main applications;
— Part 2: Acoustic measurements.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document presents a measurement method to collect information about the noise insulation of rail
bound vehicle gangway systems. These components need their own measurement procedure as the
geometrical sound distribution situation is not in line with the basic assumptions of general standards
about noise insulation measurements as provided for building elements, etc.
In this document, a number of different setups are described, which represent possible approaches to
the ideal test situation. As the approaches can contradict the ideal sound fields, the document includes
methods to assess the influence of reflections and other difficulties in order to reduce the uncertainties
of these test methods to an acceptable amount in Annex A.
1 Scope
This document specifies a measurement method and conditions to obtain reproducible and comparable
sound reduction indices of all kinds of rail bound vehicles’ gangway systems as specified in EN 16286-1.
The setup includes all components of the system mounted like this is done between two adjacent car
bodies within the train, so that a person will be able to use the gangway system, consisting of e.g.:
— the bridge system (footplate);
— side panels;
— flexible components (bellows);
— mounting systems;
— elements to couple parts in the case of separable gangway systems.
The method is applicable to type testing of gangways.
This method is not applicable to:
— interior noise measurements in vehicles;
— structure borne noise measurements.
The type testing procedures specified in this document are of engineering grade (grade 2) in the
frequency range from 100 Hz up to 5 000 Hz.
NOTE This is the preferred range for noise declaration purposes, as specified in EN ISO 12001. If test
conditions are relaxed, the results are no longer of engineering grade (grade 2).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 61672-1, Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 1: Specifications
EN 61672-2, Electroacoustics - Sound level meters - Part 2: Pattern evaluation tests
EN IEC 60942, Electroacoustics - Sound calibrators
EN ISO 266, Acoustics - Preferred frequencies (ISO 266)
EN ISO 3741, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Precision methods for reverberation test rooms (ISO 3741)
EN ISO 9614-1:2009, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
intensity - Part 1: Measurement at discrete points (ISO 9614-1:1993)
EN ISO 10140 (all parts), Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements
EN ISO 12999-1, Acoustics - Determination and application of measurement uncertainties in building
acoustics - Part 1: Sound insulation (ISO 12999-1)
EN ISO 15186-1, Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements using
sound intensity - Part 1: Laboratory measurements (ISO 15186-1)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
sound pressure
p
root mean square (RMS) value of a fluctuating pressure superimposed on the static atmospheric
pressure measured over a certain time period
3.1.2
sound pressure level
L
p
level given by the formula:
𝑝𝑝
𝐿𝐿 = 10 lg� � (1)
p
𝑝𝑝
3.1.3
average sound pressure level in the source room with the uncovered gangway
L
p1
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the space and time average of the sound pressure
squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire
room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of
the boundaries (wall, window, etc.) is of significant influence
Note 1 to entry: For a complete definition, see EN ISO 10140-2.
Note 2 to entry: L is used for determination of the sound reduction index.
p1
3.1.4
average sound pressure level in the source room with the covered gangway
L *
p1
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the space and time average of the sound pressure
squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire
room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of
the boundaries (wall, window, etc.) is of significant influence
Note 1 to entry: L * is used for qualification of the sound field according to Annex A.
p1
3.1.5
sound reduction index
R
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power W incident on the test specimen
to the sound power W transmitted through the specimen
𝑊𝑊
𝑅𝑅 = 10 lg (2)
𝑊𝑊
Note 1 to entry: The expression “sound transmission loss” is also in use.
3.1.6
sound intensity
I
time-averaged rate of flow of sound energy per unit area oriented normal to the local particle velocity
which is a vectorial quantity equal to
T


I pt⋅ u t dt (3)
( ) ( )
∫
T
3.1.7
normal sound intensity
I
n
component of the sound intensity in the direction normal to a measurement surface defined by the unit

normal vector n :


I In⋅ (4)
n
3.1.8
normal sound intensity level
L
In
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the unsigned value of the normal sound intensity to
the reference intensity I , as given by
𝐼𝐼
n
𝐿𝐿 = 10 lg (5)
In
𝐼𝐼
where
−12 2
IW= 10 / m (6)
3.1.9
surface pressure-intensity indicator
F
pI
difference between the sound pressure level L and the normal sound intensity level L on the
p In
measurement surface, both being time and surface averaged:
F LL− (7)
pI p In
Note 1 to entry: This general notation is in accordance with EN ISO 9614-2. In EN ISO 9614-1, the notation F is
used.
0,1 𝐿𝐿
p𝑐𝑐
∑
𝐹𝐹 = 10 lg� 𝑆𝑆 10 �−𝐿𝐿 (8)
pI 𝑐𝑐 m𝑐𝑐 In
𝑠𝑠
m
Note 2 to entry: Formula (8) is used for the purpose of this document; see 6.4.7.
=
=
=
3.1.10
pressure-residual intensity index
δ
pI0
difference between the indicated sound pressure level L and the indicated sound intensity level L
p I
when the intensity probe is placed and oriented in a sound field such that the sound intensity is zero
Note 1 to entry: Details for determining δ are given in EN 61043:
pI0
δ LL−
( )
pI0 p I
3.1.11
source side area of the test specimen
S
contour area of the test specimen at the source side
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 and Figure 2.
3.1.12
measurement surface
S
m
surface in parallel to the gangway contour totally enclosing the test specimen on the receiving side,
scanned or sampled by the probe during the measurements

Key
1 gangway surface at source side
2 gangway surface at receiving side
3 measurement surface S
m
4 contour area of the test specimen at the source side S
5 distance d between contour area of the receiving side and the measurement surface S
m
Figure 1 — Measurement surface S for intensity measurements inside the gangway and
m
contour area of the outer source side S
=
Key
1 gangway surface at receiving side
2 gangway surface at source side
3 measurement surface S
m
4 contour area of the test specimen at the source side S
5 distance d between contour area of the receiving side and the measurement surface S
m
Figure 2 — Measurement surface S for intensity measurements outside the gangway and
m
contour area of the inner source side S

Key
11, 12 intersection points between horizontal line above floor level and inner contour of the gangway system
13, 14 intersection points between horizontal line below ceiling and inner contour of the gangway system
a distance between horizontal line (intersection points 13 and 14) and ceiling level of the gangway system
= 200 mm
b distance between horizontal line (intersection points 11 and 12) and floor level of the gangway system
= 200 mm
Figure 3 — Procedure to determine areas of floor, sides and ceiling
Key
1 partial measurement surface of the roof S 5 partial area of the roof S
m1 1
2 partial measurement surface of the side 1 S 6 partial area of the side 1 S
m2 2
3 partial measurement surface of the side 2 S 7 partial area of the side 2 S
m3 3
4 partial measurement surface of the floor S 8 partial area of the floor S
m4 4
Figure 4 — Procedure to determine partial areas S to S and partial measurement surfaces S
1 4 m1
to S in the case of an inside measurement surface
m4
Key
1 partial measurement surface of the roof S 5 partial area of the roof S
m1 1
2 partial measurement surface of the side 1 S 6 partial area of the side 1 S
m2 2
3 partial measurement surface of the side 2 S 7 partial area of the side 2 S
m3 3
4 partial measurement surface of the floor S 8 partial area of the floor S
m4 4
Figure 5 — Procedure to determine partial areas S to S and partial measurement surfaces S
1 4 m1
to S in the case of an outside measurement surface
m4
3.1.13
partial area
S
c
inner respectively outer contour area S of the test specimen at the source side subdivided into the
contiguous partial areas S , representing the sidewalls, the floor and the ceiling
c
Note 1 to entry: c has values from 1 to 4.
Note 2 to entry: The sum of all partial areas S equals the inner respectively outer contour area S.
c
Note 3 to entry: Partial areas S can be combined from any number of contiguous subareas S .
c ci
(9)
SS=
c ∑ ci
i
Note 4 to entry: See Figure 4 and Figure 5.
3.1.14
subarea
S
ci
part of the inner respectively outer contour of the test specimen at the source side
3.1.15
partial measurement surface
S
mc
contiguous part of the measurement surface S of the test specimen:
m
SS= (10)
mmc ci
∑
i
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4 and Figure 5.
3.1.16
measurement subsurface
S
mci
part of the measurement surface S being measured with the intensity probe using one continuous
mc
scan or discrete positions
Note 1 to entry: No overlap and no gaps are intended between subareas. The measurement subsurface S is
mci
related to the subarea S .
ci
3.1.17
intensity sound reduction index of a partial area of a gangway
R
IGc
index for the partial area c evaluated from Formula (2), assuming that the sound field in the source
room is diffuse:
𝑆𝑆
m𝑐𝑐
𝑅𝑅 =𝐿𝐿 +∆𝐿𝐿 − 6 dB−𝐿𝐿 − 10 lg� � (11)
IG𝑐𝑐 p1 c In𝑐𝑐
𝑆𝑆
𝑐𝑐
where

(0,1L )
Inci
L 10lg S×10
Inc ∑ mci
(12)
S
i
mc
Note 1 to entry: If the sound intensity for a measurement subsurface has a negative direction (i.e. if the flow of
energy is in the direction towards the test object) a minus-sign will be inserted before the respective S .
mci
3.1.18
intensity sound reduction index of a subarea of a gangway
R
IGci
index for the subarea c evaluated from Formula (2), assuming that the sound field in the source room is
i
diffuse:
𝑆𝑆
m𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑅𝑅 =𝐿𝐿 +∆𝐿𝐿 − 6 dB−𝐿𝐿 − 10 lg� � (13)
IG𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 p1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 In𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑆𝑆
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
=
3.1.19
overall intensity sound reduction index of a gangway
R
IG
index for the overall area S evaluated from Formula (2), assuming that the sound field in the source
room is diffuse:
𝑆𝑆
m
����
𝑅𝑅 =𝐿𝐿 +∆𝐿𝐿 − 6 dB−𝐿𝐿 − 10 lg� � (14)
IG p1 𝑐𝑐 In
𝑆𝑆
where
 
(0,1L )
Inc
LS10lgΣ 10
In  mc  (15)
c
S
 m 
Note 1 to entry: The overall intensity sound reduction index can also be calculated using the following formula:
 
(−0,1R )
IGc
R =−Σ10lg S 10
IG c (16)
 
c
S
 
Note 2 to entry: See also 3.1.17, Note 1 to entry.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbol Description Unit
A sound absorption area of the receiving side
m
F
surface pressure-intensity indicator dB
pI
I sound intensity
W/m
I 2
normal sound intensity
n W/m
−12 2
I 2
reference intensity, 10 W / m
0 W/m
L
normal sound intensity level dB
In
average normal sound intensity level over the total
dB
𝐿𝐿
In
measurement surface S at the receiving side
m
average normal sound intensity level over the partial
L
dB
Inc
measurement surface S at the receiving side
mc
average normal sound intensity level over the sub
L
dB
Inci
measurement surface S at the receiving side
mci
L
sound pressure level dB
p
L
surface-averaged sound pressure level over S at the dB
pc
mc
=
Symbol Description Unit
receiving side
average sound pressure level in the source room with the
L
dB
p1
uncovered gangway
average sound pressure level in the source room with the
L *
dB
p1
covered gangway
averaged sound pressure level in the source room near
L
dB
pSc
the covering plate at partial area S
c
 unit normal vector directed out of the volume enclosed
n —
by the measurement surface
p sound pressure Pa
p reference sound pressure; p = 20 μPa
Pa
0 0
p(t) instantaneous sound pressure at a point Pa
R sound reduction index dB
R dB
overall intensity sound reduction index of a gangway
IG
intensity sound reduction index of a partial area of a dB
R
IGc
gangway
intensity sound reduction index of a subarea of a dB
R
IGci
gangway
S source side area of the test specimen
m
S 2
partial area
c m
S 2
subarea
ci m
S 2
measurement surface
m m
S 2
partial measurement surface
mc m
S 2
measurement subsurface
mci m
T averaging time s

ut
( ) instantaneous particle velocity at the same point m/s
indicator for the diffusity of the sound field at partial area
ΔL
dB
c
S
c
indicator for the diffusity of the sound field at sub area
ΔL
dB
ci
S
ci
δ
pressure-residual intensity index dB
pI0
4 Instrumentation and calibration
4.1 Instrumentation
The compliance of the calibrator with the requirements of EN IEC 60942 shall be verified at least once a
year. The compliance of the instrumentation system with the requirements of EN 61672-1 and
EN 61672-2 shall be verified at least every two years.
4.2 Calibration
Before and after each series of measurements and at least each time the cabling has been disconnected
and reconnected, a sound calibrator meeting the requirements of class 1 according to EN IEC 60942
shall be applied to the microphone(s) for verifying the calibration of the entire measuring system at one
or more frequencies over the f
...