EN 4818:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2012
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Aerospace series - Passive HF RFID tags intended for aircraft use
Luft- und Raumfahrt - HF Passiv RFID-Tags für Luftfahrtverwendung
Série aérospatiale - Tags passifs d'identification par radiofréquence Haute Fréquence
(RFID HF) pour usage aéronautique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 4818:2012
ICS:
49.035 Sestavni deli za letalsko in Components for aerospace
vesoljsko gradnjo construction
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 4818
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2012
ICS 35.240.60; 49.035
English Version
Aerospace series - Passive HF RFID tags intended for aircraft
use
Série aérospatiale - Tags passifs d'identification par Luft- und Raumfahrt - HF Passiv RFID-Tags Für
radiofréquence Haute Fréquence (RFID HF) pour usage Luftfahrtverwendung
aéronautique
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 February 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 4818:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions. 6
4 General requirements . 9
5 General configuration. 10
6 Applicability . 10
7 Requirements . 10
Bibliography . 15

Foreword
This document (EN 4818:2012) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of
Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received
the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its
presentation to CEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by November 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Introduction
The requirements for RFID tags to be used in the aerospace industry are very different from non-aviation uses. The
parts identified by the RFID tags are high value items, which are often used for ten years or more. Reading and
writing across a moderate distance, and over the life-spans of these tagged-parts, is expected to improve data
accuracy and cost savings. Furthermore, the aerospace industry is subject to unique considerations regarding
qualification, regulations, and safety, which are enforced by aviation authorities such as the EASA, FAA, etc.
These requirements, coupled with the relatively low manufacturing volumes, will drive up the per-part cost of
tags developed for the aerospace industry. This will generate the need for a set of RFID tags specifically
designed for use on aircraft. Adherence to this European Standard will decrease the development cost of these
low-volume, high-capability RFID tags.
1 Scope
The scope of this European Standard is to:
• Provide a requirements document for RFID Tag Manufacturers to produce passive HF tags for the
Aerospace industry.
• Identify the minimum performance requirements specific to passive HF tags used on aircraft parts, accessed
only during ground operations.
• Specify the test requirements specific to passive HF tags for airborne use, in addition to EUROCAE ED-14 /
RTCA DO-160 latest issue compliance requirements separately called out in this document.
• Identify existing standards applicable to passive HF tags.
• Provide a qualification standard for passive HF tags which will use permanently-affixed installation on aircraft
and aircraft parts.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been
obtained. All RFID applications must be compliant with local regulation in force (i.e. FCC for US, CEPT/ETSi for
Europe).
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
1)
Part 3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test methods —
1)
Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
1)
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
2)
DO-160 / ED-14, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment
3)
ATA SPEC 2000, E-Business Specification for Materials Management
MIL-STD-810, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and
4)
Laboratory Tests
1) Published by: ISO International Organization for Standardization http://www.iso.ch/.
2) Published by: International Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics http://www.rtca.com/ and by EUROCAE

Regional (EU) EURopean Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment http://www.eurocae.org/.

3) Published by: Air Transport Association Publications.

4) Published by: DoD National (US) Mil. Department of Defense http://www.defenselink.mil/.
FAR 14 CFR 25, Aeronautics and Space — Part 25: Airworthiness standards: Transport Category Airplanes
AC 20-162, Airworthiness Approval and Operational Allowance of RFID Systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS
used on products created for the aerospace industry
3.2
AIRBORNE USE
used on aircraft while in flight—as opposed to Ground Service Equipment, which is used on aircraft, but only
while, the aircraft is on the ground
3.3
ATA: AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION
airline trade association whose purpose is to foster a business and regulatory environment that ensures safe and
secure air transportation. ATA coordinates standards-creation in support of this purpose.
3.4
BACKSCATTER
the Radio Frequency (RF) energy reflected by the tag to transmit information to the interrogator. The RFID tag’s
chip and antenna modulates the incident energy and reflects it back (same orientation but opposite direction).
Backscatter is what the interrogator device “reads.” An inert piece of aluminium will reflect RF energy, but in the
absence of modulation, it is “reflection”, not “backscatter.”

3.5
BAP
Battery Assisted Passive — RFID tags that have an on-board battery to power the electronics in the tag,
minimizing the power required from the interrogator Radio Frequency Beam. They backscatter like a passive
UHF tag only when they are interrogated. BAP tags have greater read ranges than purely passive tags.
3.6
BAR-CODE
a standard method of identifying items based on lines of varying widths and spacing that are visually read by a
scanner
3.7
BLINK RATE
the rate at which an active Chip/Tag sends out s signal to look for, this can be adjusted from hours to seconds
depending on the application and desired battery life of the RFID tag
3.8
CHIP
“chip”, or “microchip”, refers to integrated circuits, or ICs. This is the “brain” of the RFID tag. RFID chips
modulate reflected RF power to transmit data back to an RFID reader, or “interrogator”.
3.9
EASA
European Aviation Safety Agency
3.10
EIRP
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power — the amount of power that would have to be emitted by an isotropic
antenna (that evenly distributes power in all directions and is a theoretical construct) to produce the peak power
density observed in the direction of maximum antenna gain
3.11
EUROCAE
European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment
3.12
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration — the airworthiness and aviation authority in the United States of America
3.13
FAR FIELD ZONE: D
D > (2.a) /l
where
D far field zone;
a maximal size of the antenna;
l wavelength = c/f.
3.14
HF
High Frequency covers the 13,56 MHz frequency band
3.15
HUMAN-READABLE
human-readable refers to a representation of information that can be naturally read by humans. In most
contexts, the alternative representation is data primarily designed for reading by a machine, e.g.,
scanner/computer/etc.
3.16
INLAY
the RFID inlay is comprised of four primary components: chip, attachment harness, antenna, and substrate. An
antenna is either laid or printed on a substrate material (typically a polymer). Designers create antenna patterns
to satisfy specific performance requirements. The “chip” is harnessed to the antenna pattern so that the contacts
on the chip make contact with the appropriate legs of the antenna.
3.17
INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
(IC)
see “Chip”
3.18
INTERROGATOR (READER/WRITTER)
Radio Frequency device whose purpose is to read data from RFID tags or write data to them. There exist both
hand-held versions and desk-top versions. Hand-held interrogators have battery power and on-board
modulator/demodulators to allow reading permanently-affixed tags while moving past them, and are usually
limited in power output.
3.19
ISO: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION for STANDARDIZATION
an international association that manages the process of setting global standards for communications and
information exchange
3.20
LABEL
label is comprised of three primary components: an RFID inlay, an outer surface (often used for printing), and a
bonding surface. Other layers and components are often added to provide addition features and performance to
the label.
3.21
LRU
Line Replaceable Unit — a component that can be pulled off the aircraft by “line” mechanics and replaced with
an identical part, as opposed to requiring depot-level or manufacturer’s AOG (airplane on the ground) teams to
do maintenance in situ
3.22
MACHINE-READABLE
the term machine-readable (or computer-readable) refers to information encoded in a form which can be read
(i.e., scanned/sensed) by a machine/computer and interpreted by the machine's hardware and/or software.
Machine-readable technologies include optical character recognition (OCR) and barcodes.
3.23
PASSIVE
the most common RFID tags, in which a interrogator transmits an energy field that “energizes” the tag and
provides the power for the tag to backscatter
3.24
RANGE
the straight line distance between two articles, e.g., an RFID tag and an RFID interrogator
3.25
RANGE, MINIMUM R
...