CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
8SUDYOMDQMH]HQHUJLMRLQHQHUJLMVNDXþLQNRYLWRVW6ORYDUL]UD]RY
Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
Energiemanagement und Energieeffizienz - Glossar
Management de l'énergie et efficacité énergétique - Glossaire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010
ICS:
01.040.27 Prenos energije in toplote Energy and heat transfer
(Slovarji) engineering (Vocabularies)
27.010 Prenos energije in toplote na Energy and heat transfer
splošno engineering in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/CLC/TR 16103
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2010
ICS 01.040.27; 27.010
English Version
Energy management and energy efficiency - Glossary of terms
Management de l'énergie et efficacité énergétique - Energiemanagement und Energieeffizienz - Glossar
Glossaire
th th
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 6 October 2009 and CENELEC on 14 April 2010.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN Management Centre: CENELEC Central Secretariat:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels    Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Methodology .4
3 European Directives, terms and definitions .4
4 Terms and definitions elaborated by group of terms .5
4.1 Energy .5
4.2 Energy use and energy consumption .7
4.3 Energy efficiency .9
4.4 Energy performance . 11
4.5 Energy management . 12
4.6 Energy services . 13
4.7 Energy measurement . 14
5 Alphabetical index of terms . 16
Annex A CEN-CENELEC SFEM information . 18
A.1 CEN-CENELEC SFEM structures (Task Forces and Working Groups) . 18
A.2 SFEM recommendations about Terminology on Energy management and Energy
efficiency . 19
A.3 SFEM Working Group TEMEE members list . 20
Annex B List of documents and Bibliography . 21
Annex C Comments on Directive terms and definitions . 23
Annex D List of energy management and energy efficiency terms which the working group
consider warrant definition . 26

Foreword
This document (CEN/CLC/TR 16103:2010) was approved by CEN/BT (Resolution BT C076/2009) and
CENELEC/BT (Resolution D136/045).
In 2007, when CEN-CENELEC Task Force (TF) 189 and CEN-CENELEC Task Force (TF) 190 project teams
were working on standards for energy management, they identified the need for a set of common terms and
definitions. The same need had been identified by CEN-CENELEC Sector Forum Energy Management
(SFEM) (see A.1).
Also, certain terms and definitions in European directives dealing with energy efficiency were subject to
discussion and varied interpretation:
 Directive 2002/91 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy
performance of building;
 Directive 2006/32 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end use
efficiency and energy services.
In recommendation 14/2007, SFEM appointed a group of experts to resolve this terminology issue by building
a repository of terms on energy management and energy efficiency : Working Group on Terminology on
Energy Management and Energy Efficiency ((SFEM WG TEMEE), see A.2 and A.3).
SFEM WG TEMEE started the work at the beginning of 2008. Liaison with the project teams in TF 189 and TF
190 ensured broad agreement on key terms used in EN 16001:2009 and EN 15900:2010.
In mid 2008, ISO/TMB/SAG E (ISO Strategic Advisory Group on Energy efficiency and renewable energy
sources) and IEC/SMB/SG1 (IEC Strategic Group on Energy efficiency and renewable resources) had both
also identified terminology as a key issue needing resolution. Consequently, a new work item proposal has
been submitted to all ISO members and IEC national committees for voting during first quarter 2009.
SFEM WG TEMEE recommended delivery in the form of a Technical Report (TR). This was first circulated to
CEN-CENELEC SFEM members and then sent for approval to both CEN and CENELEC technical boards
(BT). This approach was approved by CEN-CENELEC SFEM in its recommendation 10/2008 (December
2008).
When preparing the document, the working group endeavoured to take into account the interest of the
different stakeholders (experts working in energy management, standard writers, standard users, regulation
authorities, industry, etc). When issues arose, priority was given to commonly used terms by energy efficiency
implementers and consistency with other definitions. The terms and definitions included are only those where
full consensus was reached.
This document is the final report of the initial stage, dealing just with key concepts and terms. Future work
may expand the list of terms by including additional definitions where such need arises.
This Technical Report is not a standard and any standardization group has the authority to define its own
terms. However, the definitions in this technical report have already added value to project teams writing
energy management and energy efficiency standards.
Standards writers are strongly recommended to use these terms and definitions.
1 Scope
This Technical Report defines key terms commonly used in energy management and energy efficiency.
2 Methodology
Terms and definitions were collected from selected documents and organized into concepts and groups. From
this, concepts were agreed and definitions were written. Terms needed in standards under development by
CEN-CENELEC TF 189 and CEN-CENELEC TF 190 were prioritised.
The following documents have been consulted, and followed when it was considered compatible with the
objective of the working group:
 ISO 704:2000, Terminology work — Principles and methods;
 ISO 1087-1:2000, Terminology work — Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application;
 ISO 10241:1992, International terminology standards — Preparation and layout;
 ISO 860:2007, Terminology work — Harmonization of concepts and terms.
Support from DIN Terminology department was highly appreciated.
At this stage, only English has been used although a key working rule of the group was that each definition
was accepted if no difficulty for translation was forecast.
NOTE ISO 10241:1992, 5.1.6.1 recommends that terminology work is carried out in all official languages
simultaneously.
Two sets of selected terms have been defined:
 from EU directives, terms and their definitions with comments and recommendations;
 recommended list of commonly used terms with their definitions.
3 European Directives, terms and definitions
The following directives were reviewed:
 Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2002 on the energy
performance of building;
 Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end use
efficiency and energy services.
Comments on the directive terms and definitions can be found in Annex C.
4 Terms and definitions elaborated by group of terms
Diagrams are aimed to highlight the links between concepts and terms using logical blocks

Figure 1 — General Diagram of the different group of terms
4.1 Energy
Figure 2 — Diagram for the “Energy” group of terms
4.1.1
energy
capacity of a system to produce external activity (Max Planck)
NOTE 1 Commonly, the term “energy” is used for electricity, fuel, steam, heat, compressed air and other like media.
Energy can take a wide variety of forms, for example: chemical energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, electric
energy, gravitational energy, nuclear energy, hydraulic energy, etc.
NOTE 2 The SI unit for energy is joule (J), and for electric energy also watt-hour (Wh).
[EN 16001:2009] with modifications
4.1.2
energy source
source material or natural resource from which energy in a useful form can be extracted or recovered either
directly or by means of energy conversion
[ISO 15615:1997] with modifications
4.1.3
renewable energy source
energy source not depleted by extraction
EXAMPLE Examples of renewable energy sources commonly include wind, solar, geothermal, hydrothermal and
ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, and biogases.
4.1.4
renewable energy
energy from renewable energy sources
4.1.5
non-renewable energy
energy from a source depleted by extraction
EXAMPLE Fossil fuels, uranium.
4.1.6
primary energy
energy that has not been subjected to any conversion process
NOTE Primary energy includes non-renewable energy and renewable energy. The sum of primary energy from all
energy sources may be called total primary energy.”
4.1.7
energy conversion
transformation of the physical or chemical form of energy
NOTE The term “energy transformation” may be employed in this sense.
4.1.8
secondary energy
energy resulting from energy conversion of primary energy
EXAMPLE Electricity, gasoline, process steam, compressed air.
4.1.9
cogeneration
simultaneous energy conversion into electric and thermal energy
NOTE 1 In addition, mechanical energy may also be obtained.
NOTE 2 The term “combined heat and power” (CHP) is often used as a synonym, although CHP doesn’t cover
mechanical energy.
[Directive 2006/32]
4.1.10
energy recovery
extraction of unused energy available after completion of a process
4.1.11
energy carrier
substance or phenomenon used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical
processes
[ISO 15615:1997] and [ISO 13600:1997]
4.1.12
final energy
energy as received by an energy-using system
NOTE Final energy may be either primary or secondary energy, or both.
4.2 Energy use and energy consumption

Figure 3 — Diagram for the “Energy use and Energy consumption” group of terms
4.2.1
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Lighting, ventilation, heating, processes, transport.
NOTE The quantity of the energy applied is expressed as energy consumption.
4.2.2
energy end user
entity consuming final energy
NOTE The energy end user may differ from the customer who might purchase the energy but does not necessarily
use it.
4.2.3
energy demand
necessary supply capacity for the projected level of energy use
NOTE 1 When considering future trends, energy demand is often used in the sense of potential energy consumption.
NOTE 2 Energy demand is often used in the context of supply-demand interaction where demand is not given but
dependent on external factors such as energy prices.
4.2.4
energy using system
physically defined energy consuming item with boundaries, energy input and output
NOTE 1 An energy using system can be a plant, a process, part of a process, a building, a part of a building, a
machine, equipment, a product, etc.
NOTE 2 Boundaries must be clearly delimited.
NOTE 3 Output can be energy, service, product.
4.2.5
energy consumption
amount of energy used
NOTE 1 Although technically incorrect, energy consumption is a widely used term.
NOTE 2 The manner or kind of application of energy is expressed as energy use.
4.2.6
adjustment factor
quantifiable parameter affecting energy consumption
EXAMPLE Weather conditions, behaviour related parameters (indoor temperature, light level) workin
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