EN 545:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 545:2002
SIST EN 545:2002/AC:2005
Cevi, fitingi, pribor in spoji za vodovodno omrežje iz nodularne litine - Zahteve in
metode preskušanja
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines - Requirements
and test methods
Rohre, Formstücke, Zubehörteile aus duktilem Gusseisen und ihre Verbindungen für
Wasserleitungen - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Tuyaux, raccords et accessoires en fonte ductile et leurs assemblages pour
canalisations d'eau - Prescriptions et méthodes d'essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 545:2006
ICS:
23.040.10 Železne in jeklene cevi Iron and steel pipes
23.040.40 Kovinski fitingi Metal fittings
91.140.60 Sistemi za oskrbo z vodo Water supply systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 545
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2006
ICS 23.040.10; 23.040.40 Supersedes EN 545:2002
English Version
Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water
pipelines - Requirements and test methods
Tuyaux, raccords et accessoires en fonte ductile et leurs Rohre, Formstücke, Zubehörteile aus duktilem Gusseisen
assemblages pour canalisations d'eau - Prescriptions et und ihre Verbindungen für Wasserleitungen -
méthodes d'essai Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 545:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Foreword.4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Technical requirements .9
4.1 General.9
4.2 Dimensional requirements.11
4.3 Material characteristics.15
4.4 Coatings and linings for pipes .16
4.5 Coatings for fittings and accessories.18
4.6 Marking of pipes and fittings.19
4.7 Leak tightness.20
5 Performance requirements for joints.20
5.1 General.20
5.2 Flexible joints.20
5.3 Restrained flexible joints .22
5.4 Flanged joints.22
5.5 Pipes with screwed or welded flanges .23
6 Test methods.24
6.1 Pipe dimensions .24
6.2 Straightness of pipes .25
6.3 Tensile testing.25
6.4 Brinell hardness.27
6.5 Works leak tightness test for pipes and fittings.27
6.6 Zinc mass .28
6.7 Thickness of paint coatings .29
6.8 Thickness of cement mortar lining .29
7 Performance test methods .29
7.1 Compressive strength of the cement mortar lining .29
7.2 Leak tightness of flexible joints to positive internal pressure.30
7.3 Leak tightness of flexible joints to negative internal pressure.30
7.4 Leak tightness of flexible push-in joints to positive external pressure.31
7.5 Leak tightness of flexible joints to dynamic internal pressure.31
7.6 Leak tightness and mechanical resistance of flanged joints.32
7.7 Leak tightness and mechanical resistance of screwed and welded flanges .32
8 Tables of dimensions .33
8.1 Socket and spigot pipes .33
8.2 Flanged pipes.35
8.3 Fittings for socketed joints.35
8.4 Fittings for flanged joints.51
Annex A (normative) Allowable pressures .72
A.1 General.72
A.2 Socket and spigot pipes (see 8.1).72
A.3 Fittings for socketed joints (see 8.3) .73
A.4 Flanged pipes (see 8.2) and fittings for flanged joints (see 8.4).73
Annex B (informative) Longitudinal bending resistance of pipes.75
Annex C (informative) Diametral stiffness of pipes .76
Annex D (informative) Alternative pipe coatings, field of use, characteristics of soils .78
D.1 Alternative pipe coatings .78
D.2 Field of use, characteristics of soils.79
Annex E (informative) Field of use, water characteristics .80
Annex F (informative) Quality assurance.81
F.1 General.81
F.2 Performance tests .81
F.3 Manufacturing process .81
Annex G (informative) Calculation method of buried pipelines, heights of cover .83
G.1 Calculation method .83
G.2 Heights of cover.85
Bibliography.87

Foreword
This document (EN 545:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 203 “Cast iron pipes, fittings
and their joints”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
May 2007.
This document supersedes EN 545:2002.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This standard is in conformity with the general requirements already established by CEN/TC 164 in the field of
water supply.
In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended for human consumption, caused by the
product covered by this standard:
 this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the
member states of the EU or EFTA;
 it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations
concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements and associated test methods applicable to ductile iron pipes,
fittings, accessories and their joints for the construction of pipelines:
 to convey water (e. g. potable water);
 with or without pressure;
 to be installed below or above ground.
This standard is applicable to pipes, fittings and accessories which are:
 manufactured with socketed, flanged or spigot ends;
 normally delivered externally and internally coated;
 suitable for fluid temperatures between 0 °C and 50 °C, excluding frost.
This standard covers pipes, fittings and accessories cast by any type of foundry process or manufactured by
fabrication of cast components, as well as corresponding joints, in a size range extending from DN 40 to DN 2 000,
inclusive.
This standard specifies requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and standard
coatings of ductile iron pipes and fittings. It also gives performance requirements for all components including
joints. Joint design and gasket shapes are outside the scope of this standard.
NOTE In this standard, all pressures are relative pressures, expressed in bars (100 kPa = 1 bar).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals — Materials requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications
— Part 1: Vulcanized rubber
EN 805, Water supply — Requirements for systems and components outside buildings
EN 1092-2, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated —
Part 2: Cast iron flanges
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature
EN ISO 4016, Hexagon head bolts — Product grade C (ISO 4016:1999)
EN ISO 4034, Hexagon nuts — Product grade C (ISO 4034:1999)
EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1:2005)
EN ISO 7091, Plain washers — Normal series — Product grade C (ISO 7091:2000)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ductile iron
cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in which graphite is present substantially in spheroidal form
3.2
pipe
casting of uniform bore, straight in axis, having socket, spigot or flanged ends, except for flanged-socket pieces,
flanged-spigot pieces and collars which are classified as fittings
3.3
fitting
casting other than a pipe which allows pipeline deviation, change of direction or bore
NOTE flanged-socket pieces, flanged spigot pieces and collars are also classified as fittings
3.4
accessory
any casting other than a pipe or fitting which is used in a pipeline;
NOTE 1 for example:
 glands and bolts for mechanical flexible joints (see 3.13);
 glands, bolts and locking rings for restrained flexible joints (see 3.14);
 pipe saddles for service cock connections;
 adjustable flanges and flanges to be welded or screwed.
NOTE 2 Valves of all types are not covered by the term accessory.
3.5
flange
flat circular end of a pipe or fitting extending perpendicular to its axis, with bolt holes equally spaced on a circle
NOTE A flange can be fixed (e.g. integrally cast or welded) or adjustable; an adjustable flange comprises a ring, in one or
several parts assembled together, which bears on an end joint hub and can be freely rotated around the pipe axis before
jointing.
3.6
spigot
male end of a pipe or fitting
3.7
spigot end
maximum insertion depth of the spigot plus 50 mm
3.8
socket
female end of a pipe or fitting to make the connection with the spigot of the next component
3.9
gasket
sealing component of a joint
3.10
joint
connection between the ends of two pipes and/or fittings in which a gasket is used to effect a seal
3.11
flexible joint
joint which permits significant angular deflection both during and after installation and which can accept a slight
offset of the centreline
3.12
push-in flexible joint
flexible joint assembled by pushing the spigot through the gasket in the socket of the mating component
3.13
mechanical flexible joint
flexible joint in which sealing is obtained by applying pressure to the gasket by mechanical means, e.g. a gland
3.14
restrained flexible joint
flexible joint in which a means is provided to prevent separation of the assembled joint
3.15
flanged joint
joint between two flanged ends
3.16
nominal size (DN)
alphanumerical designation of size for components of a pipework system, which is used for reference purposes. It
comprises the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number which is indirectly related to the physical size,
in millimetres, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections
[EN ISO 6708:1995]
3.17
nominal pressure (PN)
alphanumerical designation used for reference purposes related to a combination of mechanical and dimensional
characteristics of a component of a pipework system. It comprises the letters PN followed by a dimensionless
number
[EN 1333:2006]
NOTE All equipment of the same nominal size DN designated by the same PN number have compatible mating
dimensions.
3.18
leak tightness test pressure
pressure applied to a component during manufacture in order to ensure its leak tightness
3.19
allowable operating pressure (PFA)
maximum hydrostatic pressure that a component is capable of withstanding continuously in service
[EN 805:2000]
3.20
allowable maximum operating pressure (PMA)
maximum pressure occurring from time to time, including surge, that a component is capable of withstanding in
service
[EN 805:2000]
3.21
allowable test pressure (PEA)
maximum hydrostatic pressure that a newly installed component is capable of withstanding for a relatively short
duration, in order to insure the integrity and tightness of the pipeline
[EN 805:2000]
NOTE This test pressure is different from the system test pressure (STP), which is related to the design pressure of the
pipeline and is intended to ensure its integrity and leak tightness ; see also A.1.
3.22
diametral stiffness of a pipe
characteristic of a pipe which allows it to resist ovalization under loading when installed
3.23
performance test
proof of design test which is done once and is repeated only after change of design
3.24
length
effective length of a pipe or fitting, as shown on Figure 4 for pipes and on Figures 5 to 21 for fittings
NOTE For flanged pipes and fittings, the effective length L (l for branches) is equal to the overall length. For socketed pipes
and fittings, the effective length L (l , for branches), is equal to the overall length minus the maximum spigot insertion depth as
U u
given in the manufacturer’s catalogues.
3.25
deviation
design Iength allowance with respect to the standardized length of a pipe or a fitting
3.26
ovality
out of roundness of a pipe section;
NOTE it is equal to:
 
A − A
1 2
100            (1)
 
A + A
 1 2
where:
A is the maximum axis, in millimetres;
A is the minimum axis, in millimetres.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Ductile iron pipes and fittings
Nominal sizes, thickness classes, lengths and coatings are specified in 4.1.1, 4.2.1, 4.2.3, 4.4 and 4.5 respectively.
When, by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser, pipes and fittings with different wall thickness classes,
lengths and/or coatings and other types of fittings than those given in 8.3 and 8.4, are supplied with reference to
this standard, they shall comply with all the other requirements of this standard.
NOTE 1 Other types of fittings include angle branches, tees and tapers with other combinations DN x dn, draining tees, …
The standardized nominal sizes DN of pipes and fittings are as follows: (see EN 805) 40, 50, 60, 65, 80, 100, 125,
150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1 000, 1 100, 1 200, 1 400, 1 500, 1 600, 1 800, 2 000.
The allowable pressures of ductile iron pipes and fittings shall be as given in Annex A.
NOTE 2 Annexes B and C give respectively the longitudinal bending resistance and the diametral stiffness of ductile iron
pipes.
NOTE 3 When installed and operated under the conditions for which they are designed (see Annexes D, E and G), ductile
iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints maintain all their functional characteristics over their operating life, due to the
constant material properties, to the stability of their cross section and to their design with high safety factors.
4.1.2 Surface condition and repair
Pipes, fittings and accessories shall be free from defects and surface imperfections which can lead to non-
compliance with Clause 4 and Clause 5.
When necessary, pipes and fittings may be repaired, for example by welding, in order to remove surface
imperfections and localized defects which do not extend through the entire wall thickness, provided that :
 the repairs are carried out according to the manufacturer’s written procedure;
 the repaired pipes and fittings comply with all the requirements of Clause 4 and Clause 5.
4.1.3 Types of joints and interconnection
4.1.3.1 General
Rubber gasket materials shall comply with the requirements of EN 681-1, type WA. When materials other than
rubber are necessary (e.g. for flanged joints), they shall comply with the appropriate European Standard or, where
no European Standard exists, the appropriate International Standard.
4.1.3.2 Flanged joints
Flanges shall be constructed in such a way that they can be attached to flanges whose dimensions and tolerances
comply with EN 1092-2. This ensures interconnection between all flanged components (pipes, fittings, valves,.) of
the same PN and DN and adequate joint performance.
Bolts and nuts shall comply as a minimum with the requirements of EN ISO 4016 and EN ISO 4034, grade 4.6.
When applicable, washers shall comply with EN ISO 7091.
Although it does not affect interconnection, the manufacturer shall state in his catalogues whether his products are
normally delivered with fixed flanges or adjustable flanges.
NOTE Flange gaskets can be one of those given in EN 1514.
4.1.3.3 Flexible joints
Pipes and fittings with flexible joints shall comply with 4.2.2.1 for their spigot external diameter DE and their
tolerances. This offers the possibility of interconnection between components equipped with different types of
flexible joints. In addition, each type of flexible joint shall be designed to fulfil the performance requirements of
Clause 5.
NOTE 1 For interconnection with certain types of joints operating within a different tolerance range on DE, the
manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to the means of ensuring adequate joint performance at high pressures (e.g.
measurement and selection of external diameter).
NOTE 2 For interconnection with existing pipelines which can have external diameters not in compliance with 4.2.2.1, the
manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to the appropriate means of interconnection (e.g. adaptors).
4.1.4 Materials in contact with water intended for human consumption
Ductile iron pipes, fittings and their joints include several materials given in this standard. When used under the
conditions for which they are designed, in permanent or in temporary contact with water intended for human
consumption, ductile iron pipes, fittings and their joints shall not change the quality of that water to such an extent
that it fails to comply with the requirements of national regulations.
For this purpose, reference shall be made to the relevant national regulations and standards, transposing EN
standards when available, dealing with the influence of materials on water quality and to the requirements for
external systems and components as given in EN 805.
NOTE A European Acceptance Scheme (EAS) is in course of development in relation to the Construction Products
Directive and to the Drinking Water Directive ; its requirements will be introduced in this standard when completed.
4.2 Dimensional requirements
4.2.1 Wall thickness
4.2.1.1 General
The thickness shall be calculated either by the K class formula for pipes and fittings (see 4.2.1.2) or defined
according to 4.2.1.3 for Class 40 pipes of DN 40 to DN 400.
For pipes, the standardized thickness classes are given in 8.1. Other thicknesses are possible for pipes by
agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
For fittings, the thickness e given in tables and on figures of 8.3 and 8.4 is the nominal thickness corresponding to
the main part of the body. The actual thickness at any particular point may be increased to meet localized high
stresses depending on the shape of the casting (e.g. at internal radius of bends, at the branch-body junction of
tees,.).
Annex A gives the maximum values of PFA, PMA and PEA.
4.2.1.2 K classes for pipes and fittings
The nominal iron wall thickness of pipes and fittings is given as a function of the nominal size, DN, by the following
formula, with a minimum of 6 mm for pipes and 7 mm for fittings:
e = K(0,5 + 0,001 DN) (2)
where:
e is the nominal wall thickness, in millimetres;
DN is the nominal size;
K is a coefficient used for the determination of the thickness. It is selected from a series of whole numbers :.
8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
4.2.1.3 Class 40 for pipes
The nominal iron wall thickness of pipes DN 40 to DN 400 is given as a function of the nominal size, DN, in
Table 15.
4.2.1.4 Tolerance
The tolerance on the nominal wall thickness of pipes and fittings shall be as given in Table 1. The measurement of
the wall thickness shall be in accordance with 6.1.1.
Table 1
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of casting Nominal iron wall Limit deviationon the
a
thickness e nominal wall thickness
Pipes centrifugally cast - 1,3
≤ 5,0
Class 40
> 5,0 - (1,3 + 0,001 DN)
Pipes centrifugally cast - 1,3
≤ 6,0
K class
> 6,0 - (1,3 + 0,001 DN)
Pipes not centrifugally
≤ 7,0 - 2,3
cast and fittings
> 7,0 - (2,3 + 0,001 DN)
a
The lower limit only is given, so as to ensure sufficient resistance to internal pressure.
4.2.2 Diameter
4.2.2.1 External diameter
8.1 specifies the values of the external diameter DE of the coated spigot ends of pipes and fittings and their
maximum allowable tolerances, when measured using a circumferential tape in accordance with 6.1.2. These
tolerances apply to the spigot ends of all thickness classes of pipes and fittings.
NOTE 1 Certain types of flexible joints operate within a different range of tolerance (see 4.1.3.3).
For DN ≤ 300, the external diameter of the pipe barrel measured with a circumferential tape shall be such as to
allow the assembly of the joint over at least two thirds of the pipe length from the spigot end when the pipe needs
to be cut on site.
For DN > 300, the same applies to a percentage of the pipes, defined by agreement between manufacturer and
purchaser. Such pipes shall be marked.
In addition, the ovality (see 3.26) of the spigot end of pipes and fittings shall:
 remain within the tolerance on DE (see Table 15) for DN 40 to DN 200;
 not exceed 1 % for DN 250 to DN 600 or 2 % for DN > 600.
NOTE 2 The manufacturer’s guidance should be followed as to the necessity and means of ovality correction; certain types
of flexible joints can accept the maximum ovality without a need for spigot re-rounding prior to jointing.
4.2.2.2 Internal diameter
The nominal values of the internal diameter of centrifugally cast pipes, expressed in millimetres, are equal to the
numbers indicating their nominal size, DN, and the tolerances shall be as given in Table 2 which applies to lined
pipes.
These tolerances apply to pipe thickness classes up to K10 and to cement mortar lining thicknesses as given in
Table 8. Where greater iron and/or cement mortar lining thicknesses are agreed between manufacturer and
purchaser, these tolerances do not apply.
NOTE Due to the manufacturing process of ductile iron pipes and their internal linings, internal diameters with the lower
limit deviation will only appear locally along the pipe length.
Compliance shall be demonstrated according to 6.1.3 or by calculation from the measurements taken for pipe
external diameter, iron wall thickness and lining thickness.
Table 2
a
DN Limit deviation
mm
40 to 1 000 - 10
1 100 to 2 000 - 0,01 DN
a
The lower limit only is given.
4.2.3 Length
4.2.3.1 Standardized lengths of socket and spigot pipes
Pipes shall be supplied to the standardized lengths given in Table 3.
Table 3
a
DN Standardized lengths, L
u
m
40 and 50 3
60 to 600 5 or 5,5 or 6
700 and 800 5,5 or 6 or 7
900 to 1 400 6 or 7 or 8,15
1 500 to 2 000 8,15
a
See 3.24.
The permissible deviations (see 3.25) on the standardized length L of pipes shall be as follows :
u
 for standardized length 8,15 m : ± 150 mm ;
 for all other standardized lengths : ± 100 mm.
Pipes shall be designed to a length taken in the range : standardized length plus or minus the permissible
deviation; they shall be manufactured to this design length plus or minus the limit deviation given in Table 6.
The manufacturer shall show his design lengths in his catalogues.
The length shall be measured according to 6.1.4 and shall be within the limit deviations given in Table 6.
Of the total number of socket and spigot pipes to be supplied in each diameter, the percentage of shorter pipes
shall not exceed 10 %, in which case the length reduction shall be :
 up to 0,15 m for the pipes in which samples have been cut for testing (see 4.3);
 up to 2 m by increments of 0,5 m for DN < 700;
 up to 3 m by increments of 0,1 m for DN ≥ 700.
4.2.3.2 Standardized lengths of flanged pipes
Pipes shall be supplied to the standardized lengths given in Table 4.
Table 4
a
Type of pipe DN Standardized lengths L
m
With cast flanges 40 to 2 000 0,5 or 1 or 2 or 3
With screwed or welded flanges 40 to 600 2 or 3 or 4 or 5
700 to 1 000 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6
1 100 to 2 000 4 or 5 or 6 or 7
a
See 3.24. Other lengths are available by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser.
4.2.3.3 Standardized lengths of fittings
Fittings shall be supplied to the standardized lengths as given in 8.3 and 8.4.
NOTE Two series of dimensions are shown, the series A corresponding to ISO 2531 and the series B, generally limited up
to DN 450.
The permissible deviations (see 3.25) on the standardized length of series A fittings shall be as given in Table 5.
No deviation is permitted for the fittings of series B. Fittings shall be designed to a length taken in the range:
standardized length plus or minus the permissible deviation; they shall be manufactured to this design length plus
or minus the limit deviations given in Table 6.
Table 5
Type of fitting DN Deviation
mm
Flanged sockets 40 to 1 200 ± 25
Flanged spigots 1 400 to 2 000 ± 35
Collars, tapers
Tees 40 to 1 200 + 50/- 25
1 400 to 2 000 + 75/- 35
Bends 90° (1/4) 40 to 2 000 ± (15 + 0,03 DN)
Bends 45° (1/8) 40 to 2 000 ± (10 + 0,025 DN)
Bends 22° 30' and 11° 15' (1/6 and 1/32) 40 to 1 200 ± (10 + 0,02 DN)
1 400 to 2 000 ± (10 + 0,025 DN)
4.2.3.4 Tolerances on lengths
The limit deviations on lengths shall be as given in Table 6.
Table 6
Type of castings Limit deviations
mm
Socket and spigot pipes (full length or shortened) - 30/+ 70
Fittings for socketed joints ± 20
a
Pipes and fittings for flanged joints ± 10
a
By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser, smaller limit deviations are possible, but not less

than ± 3 mm for DN ≤ 600 and ± 4 mm for DN > 600.
4.2.4 Straightness of pipes
Pipes shall be straight, with a maximum deviation of 0,125 % of their length.
The verification of this requirement is usually carried out by visual inspection, but in case of doubt or in dispute the
deviation shall be measured in accordance with 6.2.
4.3 Material characteristics
4.3.1 Tensile properties
Pipes, fittings and accessories of ductile iron shall have the tensile properties given in Table 7.
The tensile strength shall be tested in accordance with 6.3.
Table 7
Type of casting Minimum tensile Minimum elongation after fracture, A
strength, R
m
MPa %
DN 40 to DN 2 000 DN 40 to DN 1 000 DN 1 100 to DN 2000
Pipes centrifugally cast 420 10 7
Pipes not centrifugally cast, 420 5 5
fittings and accessories
By agreement between manufacturer and purchaser, the 0,2 % proof stress (R ) may be measured. It
p0,2
shall be not less than :
- 270 MPa when A ≥ 12 % for DN 40 to DN 1 000 or A ≥ 10 % for DN > 1 000 ;
- 300 MPa in other cases.
For centrifugally cast pipes of DN 40 to DN 1 000, the minimum elongation after fracture shall be 7 % for
thickness classes over K12.
4.3.2 Hardness
The hardness of the various components shall be such that they can be cut, drilled, tapped and/or machined with
normal tools. In case of dispute, the hardness shall be measured by the Brinell Hardness test in accordance with
6.4.
The Brinell hardness shall not exceed 230 HB for pipes and 250 HB for fittings and accessories. For components
manufactured by welding, a higher Brinell hardness is allowed in the heat affected zone of the weld.
4.4 Coatings and linings for pipes
4.4.1 General
Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, all pipes shall be delivered with an external
metallic zinc coating with finishing layer in accordance with 4.4.2, and an internal lining of cement mortar in
accordance with 4.4.3.
The joint areas are generally coated as follows:
 external surface of spigot ends : same as external pipe coating;
 flanges and sockets (face and internal surface): bituminous paint or synthetic resin paint, alone or as a
supplement to a primer or zinc coating.
Other coatings may also be supplied, depending on the external and internal conditions of use (see Annex D).
These external and internal coatings shall comply with the corresponding European Standards or, where no
European Standards exists, they shall comply with International Standards or with National Standards, or with an
agreed technical specification.
All finished internal coatings (linings) shall comply with 4.1.4.
NOTE 1 The field of use of these coatings and linings is given in Annexes D and E.
NOTE 2 Pipes with cast flanges can be coated as fittings (see 4.5).
NOTE 3 The maximum fluid temperature is limited to 35°C for some polymeric coatings. If such coatings are to be used at
higher temperatures, additional performance testing should be carried out.
4.4.2 External coating of zinc with finishing layer
4.4.2.1 General
The external coating of centrifugally cast ductile iron pipes shall comprise a layer of metallic zinc, covered by a
finishing layer of a bituminous product or synthetic resin compatible with zinc. Both layers shall be works applied.
The zinc is normally applied on oxide-surfaced pipes after heat treatment; at the manufacturer’s option, it may also
be applied on blast-cleaned pipes. Prior to application of zinc, the pipe surface shall be dry and free from rust or
non-adhering particles or foreign matter such as oil or grease.
4.4.2.2 Coatings characteristics
The metallic zinc coating shall cover the external surface of the pipe and provide a dense, continuous, uniform
layer. It shall be free from such defects as bare patches or lack of adhesion. The uniformity of the coating shall be
checked by visual inspection. When measured in accordance with 6.6, the mean mass of zinc per unit area shall be
not less than 130 g/m². The purity of the zinc used shall be at least 99,99%.
The finishing layer shall uniformly cover the whole surface of the metallic zinc layer and be free from such defects
as bare patches or lack of adhesion. The uniformity of the finishing layer shall be checked by visual inspection.
When measured in accordance with 6.7, the mean thickness of the finishing layer shall be not less than 70 µm and
the local minimum thickness not less than 50 µm.
4.4.2.3 Repairs
Damage to coatings where the area of total removal of zinc and finishing layer has a width exceeding 5 mm and
areas left uncoated (e.g. under test token, see 6.6) shall be repaired.
Repairs shall be carried out by :
 metallic zinc spray complying with 4.4.2.2, or application of zinc-rich paint containing at least 90 % zinc by
mass of dry film and with a mean mass of applied paint not less than 150 g/m²; and
 application of a finishing layer complying with 4.4.2.2.
4.4.3 Internal lining of cement mortar
4.4.3.1 General
Unless specified in the corresponding European Standard, the internal cement mortar lining of ductile iron pipes
shall comply with the following requirements.
The cement mortar lining of ductile iron pipes shall constitute a dense, homogeneous layer covering the total
internal surface of the pipe barrel.
It shall be works-applied by a centrifugal spinning process or a centrifugal spray head or a combination of these
methods. Smoothing with a trowel is permitted.
Prior to application of the lining, the metal surface shall be free from loose material and oil or grease.
The cement mortar mix shall comprise cement, sand and water. If admixtures are used, they shall comply with
4.1.4, and they shall be declared. The ratio by mass of sand to cement shall not exceed 3,5. At the mixing stage,
the ratio by mass of total water to cement depends on the manufacturing process and shall be determined such
that the lining is in accordance with 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3.
The cement shall be one of those listed in EN 197-1 or sulphate resisting cement. High alumina cement may be
used for raw water or for specific applications as agreed between manufacturer and purchaser. The cured lining
shall comply with 4.1.4. The sand shall have an appropriate grading and shall not contain organic impurities or fine
clay particles which may affect the lining quality. The water used in the mortar mix shall be drinking water or water
of comparable quality.
After application of the fresh lining, controlled curing shall be carried out so as to provide sufficient hydration to the
cement.
The cured lining shall comply with 4.1.4, 4.4.3.2 and 4.4.3.3.
4.4.3.2 Strength of the lining
When measured in accordance with 7.1, the compressive strength of the cement mortar after 28 days of curing
shall be not less than 50 MPa.
NOTE The compressive strength of the lining is directly related to other functional properties such as high density, good
bond and low porosity.
4.4.3.3 Thickness and surface condition
The nominal thickness of the cement mortar lining and its tolerance shall be as given in Table 8. When measured in
accordance with 6.8, the lining thickness shall be within the specified tolerance.
The surface of the cement mortar lining shall be uniform and smooth. Trowel marks, protrusion of sand grains and
surface texture inherent to the method of manufacture are acceptable. But there shall be no recesses or local
defects which reduce the thickness to below the minimum value given in Table 8.
Fine crazing and hairline cracks associated with cement rich surface may appear in dry linings. When shrinkage
cracks inherent to cement-bound materials have developed in the dry linings, the crack width and the
corresponding radial displacement shall not exceed the values given in Table 8.
Table 8
Dimensions in millimetres
DN Thickness Maximum crack width
and radial displacement
a
Nominal value Limit deviation
40 to 300 4 - 1,5 0,4
350 to 600 5 - 2,0 0,5
700 to 1 200 6 - 2,5 0,6
1 400 to 2 000 9 - 3,0 0,8
a
The lower limit only is given.

NOTE 1 Cement mortar linings at pipe ends can have a chamfer of maximum length 20 mm.
NOTE 2 Storage of pipes and fittings in a hot, dry environment can cause metal expansion and mortar shrinkage which may
result in the dry lining developing areas of disbondment and shrinkage cracks exceeding the width given in Table 8. When the
lining is re-exposed to water, it will swell by absorption of moisture and the cracks will close to conform to Table 8 and will
eventually heal by an autogenous process.
4.4.3.4 Repairs
Repairs to areas of damaged linings shall be effected by the use of either cement mortar (see 4.4.3.1) or a
compatible polymer mortar ; application may be by hand.
Prior to the application of the repair mortar, the damaged area shall be cut back to the sound lining or to the metal
surface and all loose material shall be removed. After completion of the repair, the lining shall be in accordance
with 4.4.3.1, 4.4.3.2, 4.4.3.3, and 4.1.4.
4.5 Coatings for fittings and accessories
4.5.1 General
Unless otherwise agreed between manufacturer and purchaser, all fittings, accessories and pipes not centrifugally
cast shall be delivered externally and internally coated by a paint coating in conformity with 4.5.2; fittings may also
receive an internal lining of cement mortar conforming with 4.4.3, machine or hand applied, as a supplement to or
as a replacement of the above paint coating.
The following coatings may also be supplied, dep
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