EN 13104:2009
(Main)Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Powered axles - Design method
Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Powered axles - Design method
This standard:
1) defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking
conditions;
2) gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals;
3) specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N defined
in EN 13261;
4) describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades;
5) determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and
transitions to ensure adequate service performance.
This standard is applicable to:
6) solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock;
7) solid and hollow non-powered axles of motor bogies;
8) solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives3;
9) axles defined in EN 13261;
10) all gauges4.
This standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions.
Before using this standard, if there is doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is
necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible
stresses. The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be
made according to this standard only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. This
standard does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately.
For light rail and tramway applications, other standards or documents agreed between the customer and
supplier may be applied.
Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Treibradsatzwellen - Konstruktionsverfahren
Diese Europäische Norm:
- gibt Kräfte und Momente an, die aufgrund der Massenwirkungen, Antriebs- und Bremsbedingungen zu berücksichtigen sind;
- gibt das Verfahren zur Spannungsberechnung außengelagerter Radsatzwellen an;
- legt die höchstzulässigen Spannungen für den Stahl der Güte EA1N fest, die in die Berechnung einzu¬setzen sind nach EN 13261;
- beschreibt die Vorgehensweise zur Ermittlung der höchstzulässigen Spannungen für andere Stähle;
- bestimmt die Durchmesser der verschiedenen Wellenabschnitte. Die bevorzugten Formen und Über¬gänge werden definiert, um ein sicheres Betriebsverhalten zu erreichen.
Diese Norm gilt für:
- angetriebene Radsätze von rollendem Eisenbahnmaterial mit Voll- und Hohlwellen;
- Laufradsätze mit Voll- und Hohlwellen von Motordrehgestellen;
- Laufradsätze mit Voll- und Hohlwellen von Lokomotiven );
- Radsätzen nach EN 13261;
- alle Spurweiten ).
Diese Norm ist anwendbar für Radsatzwellen für Rollendes Material, das für den Einsatz unter üblichen Betriebs¬bedingungen, wie sie in Europa herrschen, vorgesehen ist. Wenn Zweifel bestehen, ob die Betriebsbedingungen üblich sind, ist es notwendig vor Anwendung dieser Norm zu entscheiden, ob ein zusätzlicher Konstruktionsfaktor für die maximal zulässigen Spannungen angewendet werden muß. Die Berechnung von Radsätzen für besondere Anwendungsfälle (z. B. Oberbauricht- und -stopfmaschinen) kann entsprechend der vorliegenden Norm aus¬schließlich für die Lastfälle Eigenfahrt und Fahrt im Zugverband durchgeführt werden. Diese Norm gilt nicht für Arbeitslastfälle. Sie werden separat berechnet.
Applications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux-axes moteurs - Méthode de conception
La présente norme :
- définit les forces et moments à prendre en compte en fonction des masses, de la traction et du freinage ;
- donne la méthode de calcul des contraintes dans les essieux-axes à fusées extérieures ;
- prescrit les contraintes maximales admissibles à prendre en compte dans les calculs pour la nuance d'acier EA1N définie dans l’EN 13261;
- décrit la méthode de détermination des contraintes maximales admissibles pour les autres nuances d'acier ;
- permet de calculer les diamètres des différentes parties de l'essieu-axe et recommande les formes et raccordements les mieux adaptés pour garantir une bonne tenue mécanique en service.
La présente norme est applicable :
- aux essieux-axes moteurs pleins et creux du matériel roulant ferroviaire ;
- aux essieux-axes porteurs pleins et creux des bogies moteurs ;
- aux essieux-axes porteurs pleins et creux des locomotives ) ;
- aux essieux-axes définis par l’EN 13261;
- à tous les écartements de voie ).
La présente norme est applicable aux essieux-axes destinés aux matériels roulant dans des conditions d'exploitation normale européenne. Avant l’utilisation de cette norme et en cas de doutes sur la normalité des conditions d’exploitation, il est impératif d’établir la nécessité d’appliquer un coefficient de sécurité supplémentaire, aux contraintes admissibles maximales. Les calculs d’essieux pour des applications spéciales (par exemple bourreuses, niveleuses, dresseuses) peuvent être menés selon la présente norme, pour les cas de charge véhicule isolé, hors séquence de travail et véhicule incorporé dans un train. Cette norme ne s’applique pas aux cas de charges de travail. Ceux-ci sont calculés séparément.
Pour les véhicules légers et les tramways, d’autres normes ou documents acceptés entre client et fournisseur peuvent être utilisés.
Železniške naprave - Kolesne dvojice in podstavni vozički - Pogonske osi - Konstrukcijska metoda
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle - Treibradsatzwellen - KonstruktionsverfahrenApplications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies - Essieux-axes moteurs - Méthode de conceptionRailway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Powered axles - Design method45.040Materiali in deli za železniško tehnikoMaterials and components for railway engineeringICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13104:2009SIST EN 13104:2009en,fr01-junij-2009SIST EN 13104:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13104:20041DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13104March 2009ICS 45.040Supersedes EN 13104:2001
English VersionRailway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Powered axles -Design methodApplications ferroviaires - Essieux montés et bogies -Essieux-axes moteurs - Méthode de conceptionBahnanwendungen - Radsätze und Drehgestelle -Treibradsatzwellen - KonstruktionsverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 December 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13104:2009: ESIST EN 13104:2009
Steel grade EA1N.27 7.3
Steel grades other than EA1N.28 Annex A (informative)
Model of axle calculation sheet.31 Annex B (informative)
Procedure for the calculation of the load coefficient for tilting vehicles.32 Annex C (informative)
Values of forces to take into consideration for axles for reduced gauge track (metric or close to a metre).34 Annex D (normative)
Method for determination of full-scale fatigue limits for new materials.35 D.1 Scope.35 D.2 General requirements for the test pieces.35 D.3 General requirements for test apparatus.35 D.4 Axle body fatigue limit ("F1").36 D.4.1 Geometry.36 D.4.2 Verification of the applied stress.36 D.4.3 End of test criterion.37 D.4.4 Determination of the fatigue limit.37 D.5 Axle bore fatigue limit ("F2").38 D.5.1 Geometry.38 D.5.2 Verification of the applied stress.38 D.5.3 End of test criterion.38 D.5.4 Determination of the fatigue limit.38 D.6 Wheel seat fatigue limit ("F3 et F4").39 SIST EN 13104:2009
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 96/48/EC amended by Directive 2004/50/EC.42 Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this
European
Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2001/16/EC amended by EU Directive 2004/50/EC.43 Bibliography.44
Introduction Railway axles were among the first train components to give rise to fatigue problems.
Many years ago, specific methods were developed in order to design these axles. They were based on a feedback process from the service behaviour of axles combined with the examination of failures and on fatigue tests conducted in the laboratory, so as to characterize and optimize the design and materials used for axles. A European working group under the aegis of UIC1 started to harmonize these methods at the beginning of the 1970s. This led to an ORE2 document applicable to the design of trailer stock axles, subsequently incorporated into national standards (French, German, Italian). This method was successfully extrapolated in France for the design of powered axles and the French standard also applies to such axles. Consequently this method was converted into a UIC leaflet.
The bibliography lists the relevant documents used for reference purposes. The method described therein is largely based on conventional loadings and applies the beam theory for the stress calculation. The shape and stress recommendations are derived from laboratory tests and the outcome is validated by many years of operations on the various railway systems. This standard is based largely on this method which has been improved and its scope enlarged.
1 UIC : Union Internationale des Chemins de fer. 2 ORE: Office de Recherches et d'Essais de l'UIC. SIST EN 13104:2009
1 Scope This standard: 1) defines the forces and moments to be taken into account with reference to masses, traction and braking conditions; 2) gives the stress calculation method for axles with outside axle journals; 3) specifies the maximum permissible stresses to be assumed in calculations for steel grade EA1N defined in
EN 13261; 4) describes the method for determination of the maximum permissible stresses for other steel grades; 5) determines the diameters for the various sections of the axle and recommends the preferred shapes and transitions to ensure adequate service performance. This standard is applicable to: 6) solid and hollow powered axles for railway rolling stock; 7) solid and hollow non-powered axles of motor bogies; 8) solid and hollow non-powered axles of locomotives3; 9) axles defined in EN 13261; 10) all gauges4. This standard is applicable to axles fitted to rolling stock intended to run under normal European conditions. Before using this standard, if there is doubt as to whether the railway operating conditions are normal, it is necessary to determine whether an additional design factor has to be applied to the maximum permissible stresses. The calculation of wheelsets for special applications (e.g. tamping/lining/levelling machines) may be made according to this standard only for the load cases of free-running and running in train formation. This standard does not apply to workload cases. They are calculated separately. For light rail and tramway applications, other standards or documents agreed between the customer and supplier may be applied. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for t
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