EN 12953-12:2003
(Main)Shell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
Shell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for internal or external grate firing systems commencing at the fuel bunkers and ending at the ash extraction plant. For combination of various firing systems, the individual requirements of each system also apply.
If several fuels are burnt simultaneously or if a fuel quality varies considerably (e.g. moisture content), additional safety measures can be necessary, especially with respect to limitation of the fuel flow into the firing system and ensuring proper air supply to the individual fuels.
Großwasserraumkessel - Teil 12: Anforderungen an Rostfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe für den Kessel
1.1 Feuerungsanlagen
Dieser Teil der Europäischen Norm legt Anforderungen fest für Rostfeuerungsanlagen, d. h. von den Brennstoffbunkern bis zu der Entaschungsanlage. Bei Kombination verschiedener Feuerungsanlagen gelten auch deren spezifische Anforderungen.
Wenn verschiedene Brennstoffe gleichzeitig verbrannt werden, oder wenn sich eine Brennstoffeigenschaft erheblich ändert (z. B. Feuchtigkeitsgehalt), können erhöhte Sicherheitsmaßnahmen nötig werden, vor allem im Hinblick auf die Begrenzung des Brennstoffstromes in die Feuerungsanlage und richtige Luftzuführung zu den einzelnen Brennstoffen.
1.2 Brennstoffe
Diese Anforderungen umfassen den Einsatz von festen Brennstoffen.
Erfasste feste Brennstoffe sind:
¾ Alle Kohlenarten, z. B. Lignit oder Braunkohle, hoch- oder niederflüchtige Steinkohle, Pechkohle, Anthrazit, Koks, Koksgrus, Kohlenschlamm;
¾ andere fossile feste Brennstoffe (z. B. Torf, Ölschiefer);
¾ feste Biomasse-Brennstoffe (z. B. Holz, Holzabfälle (Rinde), Zuchtpflanzen (Miscanth), Ernteabfälle (Stroh));
¾ feste städtische Abfallbrennstoffe (z. B. Müll, Klärschlamm, aus Müll gewonnene Brennstoffe (BRAM));
¾ feste Industrie-Abfallbrennstoffe (z. B. Petrolkoks, Ruß, Reifen, Papierabfälle, Späne von beschichtetem Holz, genutztes Holz, Schlachthofabfälle).
Brennstoffmischungen von einer oder mehreren dieser Gruppen (siehe 4.1.7) oder Brennstoffe ungewöhnlicher oder unbekannter Art können besondere Sicherheitsmaßnahmen erfordern, deren Eignung entweder durch praktische Erfahrungen, gewonnen mit vergleichbaren Brennstoffen, oder durch geeignete Versuche, z. B. nach EN 26184-1, bestätigt werden kann. Derartige Maßnahmen sind durch den Hersteller zu belegen.
Brennstoffe, auf denen die Auslegung basiert, sind in den Betriebsanleitungen (siehe 11.2) zu spezifizieren. Dies umfasst die Brennstoffdaten für 100 % Zufuhr des Grundbrennstoffes und alle Daten für Zusatz-brennstoffe zusammen mit ihrem maximalen thermischen Zufuhranteil.
1.3 Betrieb
Die Anfor
Chaudières à tubes de fumée - Partie 12: Exigences pour les équipements de chauffe à grille pour combustibles solides de la chaudière
1.1 Équipements de chauffe
La présente partie de cette Norme européenne spécifie les exigences pour les équipements de chauffe à grille interne ou externe commençant aux trémies de stockage du combustible et se terminant à l'installation d'extraction des cendres. Pour ce qui concerne la combinaison de différents équipements de chauffe, leurs exigences spécifiques doivent également être appliquées.
Lorsque plusieurs combustibles sont brûlés simultanément dans des équipements de chauffe, ou lorsqu'une qualité de combustible varie considérablement (par exemple la teneur en humidité), des mesures de sécurité supplémentaires peuvent se révéler nécessaires, notamment pour ce qui concerne la réduction du débit de combustible approvisionnant l'équipement de chauffe et la bonne alimentation en air pour les différents combustibles.
1.2 Combustibles
Les combustibles solides couverts sont :
¾ toutes les qualités de charbon, par exemple le lignite ou le charbon brun subbitumineux, le charbon bitumineux ou la houille, le charbon de brai, l'anthracite, le coke, la poussière de charbon, les résidus de charbon ;
¾ d'autres combustibles fossiles solides (par exemple, le coke de pétrole, la tourbe, le schiste bitumineux) ;
¾ les combustibles solides biomasse (par exemple, le bois, les déchets de bois [l'écorce], les plantes énergétiques [divers], les résidus de moisson [paille]) ;
¾ les combustibles solides de déchets urbains (par exemple des ordures, des boues d'eaux d'égouts, des combustibles dérivés des déchets [RDF]) ;
¾ les combustibles solides de déchets industriels (par exemple du coke de pétrole, de la suie, des pneus, des déchets de papier, des copeaux de bois revêtus, du bois usagé, des déchets de produits animaux).
Des mélanges de combustibles provenant de deux de ces groupes ou plus (voir 4.1.7), ou des combustibles d'une qualité inhabituelle ou inconnue peuvent nécessiter des mesures de sécurité particulières. Ce besoin peut être révélé par l'expérience pra
Mnogovodni kotli - 12. del: Zahteve za kurilne sisteme na trdna goriva z zgorevalno rešetko
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2004
Mnogovodni kotli - 12. del: Zahteve za kurilne sisteme na trdna goriva z
zgorevalno rešetko
Shell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
Großwasserraumkessel - Teil 12: Anforderungen an Rostfeuerungsanlagen für feste
Brennstoffe für den Kessel
Chaudieres a tubes de fumée - Partie 12: Exigences pour les équipements de chauffe a
grille pour combustibles solides de la chaudiere
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12953-12:2003
ICS:
27.060.30 Grelniki vode in prenosniki Boilers and heat exchangers
toplote
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12953-12
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2003
ICS 27.060.30; 27.100
English version
Shell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for
solid fuels for the boiler
Chaudières à tubes de fumée - Partie 12: Exigences pour Großwasserraumkessel - Teil 12: Anforderungen an
les équipements de chauffe à grille pour combustibles Rostfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe für den Kessel
solides de la chaudière
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12953-12:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
1.1 Firing systems.4
1.2 Fuels.4
1.3 Operational equipment.4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Fuel bunkers with conveying plant.6
4.1 General.6
4.2 Conveying plant .7
4.3 Fuel bunkers.7
4.4 Fuel bins .8
5 Fuel treatment .8
5.1 General.8
5.2 Size reduction of the fuel .8
5.3 Drying of the fuel.8
6 Fuel feeding.9
7 Explosion prevention measures.9
8 Equipment for combustion air supply and flue gas discharge.10
8.1 Air supply.10
8.2 Combustion air/fuel ratio .10
8.3 Flue gas discharge .10
9 Firing system.11
9.1 General.11
9.2 Control and monitoring .11
9.3 Electrical equipment.11
9.4 Safety precautions.11
9.4.1 General.11
9.4.2 Purging of the flue gas passes.12
9.4.3 Lighting-up .12
9.4.4 Start-up .12
9.4.5 Shutting down .13
9.5 Common stack for several firing systems .13
10 Ash handling and extraction.13
11 Operation and maintenance.14
11.1 General.14
11.2 Operating instructions .14
Annex A (informative) Operational requirements for permanently supervised firing systems for solid
fuels on grate firing systems.15
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 97/23/EC .17
Bibliography .18
Foreword
This document EN 12953-12:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 269 “Shell and water-tube
boilers”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by March 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
March 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) (Pressure Equipment Directive
97/23/EC) [1].
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
The European Standard EN 12953 concerning shell boilers consists of the following Parts:
� Part 1: General
� Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories
� Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts
� Part 4: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler
� Part 5: Inspection during construction, documentation and marking of pressure parts of the boiler
� Part 6: Requirements for equipment for the boiler
� Part 7: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boilers
� Part 8: Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure
� Part 9: Requirements for limiting devices of the boiler and accessories
� Part 10: Requirements for feedwater and boiler water quality
� Part 11: Acceptance tests
� Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler
� Part 13: Operating instructions
CR 12953 Part 14: Guideline for the involvement of an inspection body independent of the manufacturer (TR)
Although these Parts may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that the Parts are interdependent. As such,
the design and manufacture of shell boilers requires the application of more than one Part in order for the
requirements of the European Standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled.
The annex A of this European Standard is informative.
This document includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
1.1 Firing systems
This part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for internal or external grate firing systems
commencing at the fuel bunkers and ending at the ash extraction plant. For combination of various firing systems,
the individual requirements of each system also apply.
If several fuels are burnt simultaneously or if a fuel quality varies considerably (e.g. moisture content), additional
safety measures can be necessary, especially with respect to limitation of the fuel flow into the firing system and
ensuring proper air supply to the individual fuels.
1.2 Fuels
The solid fuels covered are:
� all coal qualities, e.g. lignite or brown coal, sub-bituminous or hard brown coal, bituminous coal or hard coal,
pitch coal, anthracite, coke, coal culm, coal sludge;
� other fossil solid fuels (e.g. petrol coke peat, oil shale);
� biomass solid fuels (e.g. wood, wood wastes [bark], energy plants [miscanthus], harvest wastes [straw]);
� municipal waste solid fuels (e.g. garbage, sewage sludge, refuse derived fuels [RDF]);
� industrial waste solid fuels (e.g. petrol coke, soot, tyres, paper wastes, coated wood chips, spent wood, animal
product wastes).
Fuel blends from two or more of these groups (see 4.1.7), or fuels of unconventional or unknown quality can
require special safety measures which can be proved either by practical experience gained from comparable fuels,
or by suitable tests, e.g. in accordance with EN 26184-1. Such measures should be documented by the
manufacturer.
Fuels on which the design is based should be specified in the operating instructions (see 11.2). This should include
the fuel data for 100 % input of the basic fuel and the data for any supplementary fuels together with their maximum
thermal input percentage.
1.3 Operational equipment
The requirements for operational equipment in clauses 4 to 10 apply to steam boilers and hot water generators with
permanent supervision by properly trained personnel familiar with the special conditions of the firing systems and the
type of fuel.
Annex A contains the operational requirements for permanent supervision.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 12952-8:2002, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations – Part 8: Requirements for firing systems for liquid
and gaseous fuels for the boiler.
EN 12952-9:2002, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations — Part 9: Requirements for firing systems for
pulverized solid fuels for the boiler.
EN 12953-7, Shell boilers — Part 7: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boiler.
EN 26184-1, Explosion protection systems — Part 1: Determination of explosion indices of combustible dusts in air
(ISO 6184-1:1985).
prEN 50156-1, Electrical equipment for furnaces and ancillary equipment — Part 1: Requirements for application
design and installation.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
back-up firing system
separate firing system to maintain safe ignition and stable combustion. The lighting-up equipment can be used for
this purpose
3.2
basic fire
layer of glowing fuel, fire bed or flame of the fed fuel. The basic fire can also perform the duty of the lighting-up
equipment, or the back-up firing system (mostly air)
3.3
carrier gas
transport medium for pneumatic conveying
3.4
combustion air
total air supplied to the firing system for combustion
3.5
firing systems
can be distinguished in accordance with the type and structure of the fuel, the feeding procedure and the process
of combustion. Fuel and air can be introduced in the combustion chamber in different ways to establish and
maintain proper ignition and stable combustion. Combustion of the fuel is performed on grates
3.6
fuel bin
silo
dust-tight container for temporary storage of combustible solids in the boiler room
3.7
fuel bunker
open storage of solid fuel
3.8
fuel feeding system
device to transport fuel into the combustion chamber
NOTE This can be effected directly by feeders through ports in the furnace walls, by means of chutes or through the
bottom grate
3.9
fuel handling plant
installation for conveying, mixing and distributing solid fuels to the individual fuel bunkers or fuel bins
3.10
grate firing system
fuel is burnt in a layer supported by a system of firebars which may have a cooling system
NOTE The firebars should be so spaced as to admit the undergrate combustion air supply in proper distribution. Other
means of admitting and distributing the combustion air supply can be provided.
3.11
indicator
measuring instrument which indicates a variable value (e.g. pressure, temperature, flow, level). It can be equipped
with an annunciator
3.12
lighting-up equipment
facility to achieve safe ignition of the feed fuel
3.13
limiter
transducer, which, on reaching a fixed limit value (e.g. pressure, temperature, flow, level) is used to interrupt and
lockout the energy supply and It requires manual unlocking before restart
3.14
lockout
interruption of the energy supply. Manual unlocking is required before restart
3.15
master fuel trip
device located at a safe place for rapid automatic shutoff of all fuel supplies to the grate and electrical igniters in the
event of danger
3.16
maximum continuous rating (MCR)
allowable heat output
steam boiler or hot water heat output that can be generated during continuous operation and at which the steam or
hot water generator may be operated, taking the specified steam condition or hot water condition (water mass flow
times the difference between outlet and inlet enthalpy) into consideration
3.17
monitor
transducer that senses the reaching of a fixed limit value and initiates an alarm and/or a shut-down. The output signal
only reverses if the causing value has changed at a defined range
3.18
purging of the flue gas passes
flow of air through combustion chamber, flue gas passes, and associated ducts including flue-gas treatment systems,
which effectively removes any gaseous combustibles and replace them with air
3.19
start-up condition
the plant can be started
� cold (temperature of ceramic lining is at ambient value);
� hot (temperature of ceramic lining is above the minimum ignition temperature of the basic fuel); or
� warm (temperature of ceramic lining in between the ambient and minimum ignition temperature)
4 Fuel bunkers with conveying plant
4.1 General
4.1.1 All facilities shall be designed so as to withstand mechanical and thermal stresses. Fuel shall not be heated
to an unacceptable level. Sites where fuel may accumulate shall be avoided.
4.1.2 Conveyance, temporary storage, and extraction of the fuel shall be arranged such that sufficient flow of the
fuel and additives is ensured.
4.1.3 The fuel storage capacity shall be determined in accordance with the fuels used.
NOTE It is recommended that the storage of fuel within the boiler room itself is minimized.
4.1.4 Measures to prevent fire, explosion and injuries to personnel shall be provided for volatile fuels and those
capable of pyrolysis in the absence of external heating. As an example wet sludges can have an inherent explosion
risk due to the release of volatiles (e.g. methane)when stored. Dried sludges have a fire and dust explosion risk.
4.1.5 Sludge storage in bins shall be preferred to storage in bunkers (see 4.4.1).
4.1.6 The storage of fuels supplied in small grain sized particles or fibres which can be stirred up and become
airborne shall only be permitted in bins (silos).
4.1.7 If different types of fuels are used, dangerous operating conditions due to blending shall be excluded, e.g.
by the use of separate bunkers or bins and separate feeding systems.
4.1.8 If there is a risk of blockage of conveying systems or firing systems by coarse lumps of fuel, foreign matter
and tramp metal, then means for the removal of those objects shall be provided, preferably before entering the
bunker.
4.1.9 Dangerous areas accessible to personnel shall be marked with warning signs.
4.1.10 Outdoor storage facilities and fuel bearing components as well as buildings for indoor installation shall be
equipped with a lightning protective system in accordance with relevant European Standards.
4.2 Conveying plant
4.2.1 Several continuous conveyors arranged in series to form one conveying line shall be interlocked such that
the normal operation of any conveyor is possible only if the downstream conveyors are in normal operation and the
storage facility is ready to accept the fuel.
4.2.2 Precautions shall be taken for the protection of personnel against injury from moving components.
Sufficient time shall be provided between the warning signal and starting of the plant.
4.2.3 If the type and format of the fuel requires bins (silos) for temporary storage in accordance with 4.1.5 or
4.1.6, subsequent conveyance shall be performed in a closed system, which shall be gas-tight if operated under
internal pressure.
4.2.4 Piping used for conveyance shall be designed with a high resistance to wear.
4.2.5 For conveyance of fuel in closed pipes, deposition shall be prevented by sufficient velocity of the carrier
gas depending on the type and format of the fuel.
4.2.6 All piping system components of a conveying system shall be capable of being purged of fuel.
4.2.7 If multiple lines are installed, devices shall be provided to isolate idle conveying lines from the downstream
storage facility or the furnace.
4.3 Fuel bunkers
4.3.1 Fuel bunkers shall be built to achieve uniform discharge by the selection of proper shape and design, in
order to ensure a continuous fuel flow and to avoid segregation.
4.3.2 To avoid ingress of hot air/gas into the bunker, a minimum level of fuel shall be maintained and monitored
in the bunker, or other suitable measures shall be taken, see also 6.1 and 6.4.
4.3.3 The inner surface of the fuel bunker roof shall be designed so as to avoid the accumulation of dust and gas
in dead pockets.
4.3.4 Bunker charging openings shall be adequately guarded to prevent personnel from falling in.
4.3.5 Fuel bunkers shall be equipped with fire fighting or fire preventing equipment. Fire fighting by sprinkler
systems is allowed but the use of concentrated water jets is prohibited. Bunkers may be emptied by use of
emergency chutes.
4.4 Fuel bins
4.4.1 Some fuels according to their type and format shall be stored in dust-tight bins (silos). The requirements for
pulverized fuel bins specified in 5.4 and 6.2.2 of EN 12952-9:2002 apply accordingly.
4.4.2 The permissible maximum storage temperature shall be specified for each single fuel and fuel blends and
shall be monitored in the freeboard during the storage, if there is a risk of self-ignition
4.4.3 If combustible gas emanation from the fuel cannot be prevented, silos shall be equipped with suitable gas
monitoring and safe venting devices, otherwise an explosion-proof silo or inert gas protection shall be provided.
4.4.4 Fuels as specified in 4.1.4 require bins to be equipped with a stationary nonfreezing fire extinguishing
system to enable fire to be fought without opening access doors. The extinguishing comp
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Großwasserraumkessel - Teil 12: Anforderungen an Rostfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe für den KesselChaudieres a tubes de fumée - Partie 12: Exigences pour les équipements de chauffe a grille pour combustibles solides de la chaudiereShell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler27.060.30Grelniki vode in prenosniki toploteBoilers and heat exchangersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12953-12:2003SIST EN 12953-12:2004en01-junij-2004SIST EN 12953-12:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12953-12September 2003ICS 27.060.30; 27.100English versionShell boilers - Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems forsolid fuels for the boilerChaudières à tubes de fumée - Partie 12: Exigences pourles équipements de chauffe à grille pour combustiblessolides de la chaudièreGroßwasserraumkessel - Teil 12: Anforderungen anRostfeuerungsanlagen für feste Brennstoffe für den KesselThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12953-12:2003 ESIST EN 12953-12:2004
Operational requirements for permanently supervised firing systems for solidfuels on grate firing systems.15Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirementsof EU Directive 97/23/EC.17Bibliography.18SIST EN 12953-12:2004
the fuel
is performed on grates3.6fuel binsilodust-tight container for temporary storage of combustible solids in the boiler room3.7fuel bunkeropen storage of solid fuel3.8fuel feeding systemdevice to transport fuel into the combustion chamberNOTEThis can be effected directly by feeders through ports in the furnace walls, by means of chutes or through thebottom grate3.9fuel handling plantinstallation for conveying, mixing and distributing solid fuels to the individual fuel bunkers or fuel bins3.10grate firing systemfuel is burnt in a layer supported by a system of firebars which may have a cooling systemNOTEThe firebars should be so spaced as to admit the undergrate combustion air supply in proper distribution. Othermeans of admitting and distributing the combustion air supply can be provided.SIST EN 12953-12:2004
including flue-gas treatment systems,which effectively removes any gaseous combustibles and replace them with air3.19start-up conditionthe plant can be started cold (temperature of ceramic lining is at ambient value); hot (temperature of ceramic lining is above the minimum ignition temperature of the basic fuel); or warm (temperature of ceramic lining in between the ambient and minimum
ignition temperature)4 Fuel bunkers with conveying plant4.1 General4.1.1All facilities shall be designed so as to withstand mechanical and thermal stresses. Fuel shall not be heatedto an unacceptable level. Sites where fuel may accumulate shall be avoided.4.1.2Conveyance, temporary storage, and extraction of the fuel shall be arranged such that sufficient flow of thefuel and additives is ensured.SIST EN 12953-12:2004
those objects shall be provided, preferably before entering thebunker.4.1.9Dangerous areas accessible to personnel shall be marked with warning signs.4.1.10Outdoor storage facilities and fuel bearing components as well as buildings for indoor installation shall beequipped with a lightning protective system in accordance with relevant European Standards.4.2 Conveying plant4.2.1Several continuous conveyors arranged in series to form one conveying line shall be interlocked such thatthe normal operation of
any conveyor is possible only if the downstream conveyors are in normal operation and thestorage facility is ready to accept the fuel.4.2.2Precautions shall be taken for the protection of personnel against injury from moving components.Sufficient time shall be provided between the warning signal and starting of the plant.4.2.3If the type and format of the fuel requires bins (silos) for temporary storage in accordance with 4.1.5 or4.1.6, subsequent conveyance shall be performed in a closed system, which shall be gas-tight if operated underinternal pressure.4.2.4Piping used for conveyance shall be designed with a high resistance to wear.4.2.5For conveyance of fuel in closed pipes, deposition shall be prevented by sufficient velocity of the carriergas depending on the type and format of the fuel.4.2.6All piping system components of a conveying system shall be capable of being purged of fuel.4.2.7If multiple lines are installed, devices shall be provided to isolate idle conveying lines from the downstreamstorage facility or the furnace.4.3 Fuel bunkers4.3.1Fuel bunkers shall be built to achieve uniform discharge by the selection of proper shape and design, inorder to ensure a continuous fuel flow and to avoid segregation.4.3.2To avoid ingress of hot air/gas into the bunker, a minimum level of fuel shall be maintained and monitoredin the bunker, or other suitable measures shall be taken, see also 6.1 and 6.4.4.3.3The inner surface of the fuel bunker roof shall be designed so as to avoid the accumulation of dust and gasin dead pockets.4.3.4Bunker charging openings shall be adequately guarded to prevent personnel from falling in.SIST EN 12953-12:2004
allowed but the use of
concentrated water jets is prohibited. Bunkers may be emptied by use ofemergency chutes.4.4 Fuel bins4.4.1Some fuels according to their type and format shall be stored in dust-tight bins (silos). The requirements forpulverized fuel bins specified in 5.4 and 6.2.2 of EN 12952-9:2002 apply accordingly.4.4.2The permissible maximum storage temperature shall be specified for each single fuel and fuel blends andshall be monitored in the freeboard during the storage, if there is a risk of self-ignition4.4.3If combustible gas emanation from the fuel cannot be prevented, silos shall be equipped with suitable gasmonitoring and safe venting devices, otherwise an explosion-proof silo or inert gas protection shall be provided.4.4.4Fuels as specified in 4.1.4 require bins to be equipped with a stationary nonfreezing fire extinguishingsystem to enable fire to be fought without opening access doors. The extinguishing compound shall be
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