EN 1857:2003

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2003
Dimniki – Sestavni deli – Betonske tuljave za dimnike
Chimneys - Components - Concrete flue liners
Abgasanlagen - Bauteile - Betoninnenrohre
Conduits de fumée - Composants - Conduits intérieurs en béton
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1857:2003
ICS:
91.060.40
91.100.30
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1857
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2003
ICS 91.060.40; 91.100.30
English version
Chimneys - Components - Concrete flue liners
Conduits de fumée - Composants - Conduits intérieurs en Abgasanlagen - Bauteile - Betoninnenrohre
béton
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 December 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1857:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword. 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Materials and designations of flue liners . 6
5 Reinforcement. 9
6 Surface treatment . 9
7 Tolerances. 10
8 Performance requirements. 11
9 Designation . 14
10 Marking . 14
11 Product information . 14
12 Evaluation of conformity. 15
Annex A (normative) Test methods . 16
Annex B (informative) Illustrations of joint types . 34
Annex C (normative) Thermal resistance calculation method. 35
Annex D (normative) Requirements of sampling plan according to ISO 2859-1 at an
Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) and inspection level S2 Inspection procedure . 37
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of
EU Construction Products Directive . 42
Bibliography. 47
Foreword
This document (EN 1857:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 166,
"Chimneys" the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2004, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by April 2005.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directives.
For the relationship with the EU Directives, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
standard.
This standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the specification, design, testing and execution
of chimneys with concrete liners, both single and multi wall.
The co-ordinated package of standards is further divided by material of construction and this European
Standard is one of a series of specifications and execution documents dealing with design and execution
of concrete chimney products and systems.
The standards in this series for concrete chimney products are :
EN 1857, Chimneys - Components - Concrete flue liners
EN 1858, Chimneys - Components - Concrete flue blocks
EN 12446, Chimneys - Components - Concrete outer wall elements
In this European Standard the Annexes A, C and D are normative and Annexes B and ZA are informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the material, dimensional and performance requirements, including
methods of test, for factory-made concrete flue liners and fittings for the construction of multi-wall
chimneys.
This standard also applies to storey-height and reinforced flue liners.
NOTE 1 Classes in this standard, unless otherwise specified, e.g. temperature pressure, are not derived from
conditions referred to in article 3.2 of Directive 89/106/EC, and should only be considered as technical classes in the
sense of Commission Guidance Paper E ‘Levels and classes in the Construction Products Directive’.
NOTE 2 Any reference to the term flue liners implies both flue liners and their fittings, except where otherwise
indicated.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated
references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 1443:2003, Chimneys — General requirements
EN 1859:2000, Chimneys— Metal chimneys — Test methods
EN 10088-2, Stainless steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general
purposes
EN 10218-2, Steel wire and wire products. - General — Part 2: Wire dimensions and tolerances
EN 13384-1 Chimneys – Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods – Part 1 : Chimneys serving
one appliance
ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by
acceptable quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection (ISO 2859-1:1999).
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 1443:2003 and the
following apply.
3.1
flue liner bend
flue liner that changes the direction of the flue
3.2
manufacturer’s declared internal transverse dimensions
internal dimensions of the flue liner measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
3.3
manufacturer’s declared length
internal length of the flue liner.
NOTE Examples of measurement are shown in Figure 1.
a) with rebate b) with plain end
L Internal length
Figure 1 — Manufacturers declared length
3.4
manufacturer’s declared structural height
maximum height of construction of the flue liners as declared by the manufacturer
3.5
reinforced flue liner
flue liner having reinforcement to assist handling
NOTE The reinforcement is not for structural stability
3.6
storey-height liner
flue liner having manufacturer’s declared length relating to the floor to floor height of a building
3.7
concrete
material formed by mixing cement, aggregate and water and with or without the incorporation of
admixtures or additions, which develops its properties by hydration of the cement
[EN 206-1:2000]
3.8
precast concrete
concrete cast and cured in a place other than the final location of use
L
L
3.9
resistance to fire of flue liners
ability of the flue liners and fittings to be resistant to soot fires
4 Materials and designations of flue liners
4.1 Materials
Flue liners shall be precast concrete.
Materials used shall be identified for factory production control purposes.
NOTE 1 Additions may include glass or steel fibres.
NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to Commission decision 96/603/EC, as amended, in which non-combustible
masonry units containing not more than a mass or volume fraction of 1 % (whichever is the more onerous) of
homogeneously distributed organic materials are classified as reaction to fire class A1 without testing.
4.2 Designations and classes
4.2.1 General
Flue liners shall be designated according to clause 9.
Designation classes for flue liners for temperature, pressure, resistance to soot fire, condensate
resistance and corrosion resistance shall be according to 4.2.1 to 4.2.5.
Abbreviated designations for common types of flue liners, according to temperature, pressure, soot fire
resistance, and condensate resistance (wet or dry conditions) are given in Table 1.
Where a flue liner is manufactured for an application not covered by the abbreviated designations A to L
the manufacturer shall declare the characteristics and appropriate designation in full as in clause 9.
Table 1 — Abbreviated designations for common types of concrete flue liners
Temperature Pressure Sootfire
Condensate resistance
Type resistance
A1 T600 Negative N1 Yes G Dry
A2 T600 Negative N2 Yes G Dry
B1 T450 Negative N1 Yes G Dry
B2 T450 Negative N2 Yes G Dry
B3 T450 Negative N1 No O Dry
C1 T400 Negative N1 Yes G Dry
C2 T400 Negative N2 Yes G Dry
C3 T400 Negative N1 No O Dry
D1 T300 Negative N1 No O Dry
D2 T300 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
D3 T300 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
E1 T250 Negative N1 No O Dry
E2 T250 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
E3 T250 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
F1 T200 Negative N1 No O Dry
F2 T200 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
G1 T160 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
G2 T160 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
H1 T140 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
H2 T140 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
J1 T120 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
J2 T120 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
K1 T100 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
K2 T100 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
L1 T80 Negative N1 No O Wet and Dry
L2 T80 Positive P1 No O Wet and Dry
NOTE A designated class of flue liner is suitable for use in a chimney with nominal working
temperature up to a maximum of that designated. The designation for pressure, soot fire resistance,
condensate resistance and corrosion resistance apply throughout the temperature range.
4.2.2 Temperature class.
For temperature class see Table 2.
Table 2 — Temperature class
Nominal working temperature
Temperature class
o
C
T600 600
T450 450
T400 400
T300 300
T250 250
T200 200
T160 160
T140 140
T120 120
T100 100
T080 80
4.2.3 Pressure class
For pressure classes see Table 3. The pressure class is assigned a gas tightness level, expressed as a
maximum leakage rate at a specified test pressure.
for flue liners suitable for negative pressure chimneys : N1 and N2;
for flue liners suitable for positive pressure chimneys : P1 and P2.;
for flue liners suitable for high positive pressure chimneys : H1 and H2.
Table 3 — Pressure classes and gas tightness
Pressure class Test pressure Gas tightness –
Maximum
leakage rate
Pa L/s/m
N1 40 2,0
N2 20 3,0
P1 200 0,006
P2 200 0,120
H1 5000 0,006
H2 5000 0,120
4.2.4 Sootfire resistance class
Sootfire resistance classes :
O for flue liners for chimneys without sootfire resistance;
G for flue liners for chimneys with sootfire resistance.
4.2.5 Condensate resistance class
Condensate resistance classes :
W for flue liners for chimneys intended to operate under wet conditions;
D for flue liners for chimneys intended to operate under dry conditions.
4.2.6 Corrosion resistance class
Corrosion resistance classes for flue liners for chimneys which convey products of combustion from gas
or light oils and natural wood or heavy oils and solid mineral fuels, are given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Corrosion resistance classes
Corrosion from products of Gas Light oils with sulphur Heavy oils with sulphur content
combustion according to content up to 0,2% and over 0,2% and solid mineral
fuel used natural wood fuels and peat
Corrosion resistance class12 3
of flue liners
5 Reinforcement
5.1 In a reinforced liner the reinforcement shall have a diameter of not more than 8 mm and a
minimum concrete cover of 20 mm on all sides.
, when measured according to
5.2 In reinforced liners having a bulk density of less than 2 000 kg/m
A.10, any reinforcement shall be protected against corrosion by:
a) use of stainless steel conforming to EN 10088-2;
b) by completely covering any mild steel reinforcement conforming to EN 10218-2 with a coating.
NOTE Typically ordinary Portland cement mixed with water to form a slurry or epoxy resin.)
6 Surface treatment
Any surface treatment of the flue liner, e.g. coatings, shall be factory applied before the product is tested.
7 Tolerances
7.1 Size
Tolerances on manufacturer’s declared dimensions, including taper, shall be :
a) Declared internal transverse dimensions
below 300 mm : ± 3 mm
300 mm and above : ± 3 % but not more than 10 mm. See A.1.1.
b) Declared length
below 300 mm : ± 5 mm
300 mm to 700 mm : ± 7 mm
above 700 mm : ± 3 % but not more than 10 mm. See A.1.2.
c) Declared wall thickness
below 10 mm : + 2 mm
- 1 mm
10 mm to 40 mm : + 5 mm
- 1,5 mm
above 40 mm : + 12 %
- 5 %
7.2 Straightness
7.2.1 When tested as described in A.2 the limit deviation from straightness of a straight concrete
flue liner of manufacturer’s declared length less than or equal to 1 000 mm shall not be greater than
1% of the declared length.
7.2.2 When tested as described in A.2 for flue liners having a manufacturer’s declared length
greater than 1 000 mm the limit deviation shall not be greater than 0,5 % of the manufacturer’s
declared length.
7.3 Squareness of ends
When tested in accordance with either procedure described in A.3 the flue liner shall not touch the upright
for the first procedure and the dimension ‘G’ shall not be greater than 5 mm for the second procedure.
8 Performance requirements
8.1 Heat stress resistance
8.1.1 When a flue liner is tested in accordance with A.4 to the test temperature appropriate to the
flue liner designation given in Table 5, the flue liner shall subsequently meet the requirements of 8.3.
The thermal testing shall be carried out on one size of flue liner for each geometrical configuration, e.g.
circular, rectangular, square, also for each material mix, method of manufacture and wall thickness. For
circular flue liners the size to be tested shall be (200 50) mm internal transverse dimension. For other
geometrical configurations the flue liner shall have an equivalent cross-sectional area.
Table 5 — Heat stress test temperature
Temperature class Temperature of flue gas
°C
T 600
T 450
T 400
T 300
T 250
T 200
T 160
T 140
T 120
T 100
T 080
8.1.2 Flue liner bends or fittings made of the same material mix and by the same method of
manufacture as the tested straight flue liner shall be deemed to conform to the requirement in 8.1.1.
8.1.3 Flue liner bends or fittings made of a different material mix or using a different method of
manufacture from those described in 8.1.1, shall be checked for heat stress resistance by testing a
straight test sample in accordance with 8.1.1.
This straight test sample shall be made using the same material mix and manufacturing method as the
bend or fitting.
8.2 Heat shock resistance
8.2.1 Following the heat stress resistance test in 8.1, when a liner designated as soot fire resistant
is tested as described in A.4.4 to a flue gas temperature of 1 000 °C for a period of (30 ± 1) min the
flue liner shall subsequently meet the requirements of 8.3.
8.2.2 Flue liner bends or fittings made of the same material mix and by the same method of
manufacture as the tested straight flue liner shall be deemed to conform to the requirement in 8.2.1.
8.2.3 Flue liner bends or fittings made of a different material mix or using a different method of
manufacture from those described in 8.2.1, shall be checked for heat shock by testing a straight test
sample in accordance with 8.2.1. This straight test sample shall be made using the same material mix
and manufacturing method as the bend or fitting.
8.3 Gas tightness
When tested in accordance with A.6 the gas tightness, expressed as a leakage rate of the walls of the flue
liner, shall not be greater than the values specified in Table 3 for the relevant pressure class.
8.4 Abrasion resistance
All flue liners having satisfied the gas tightness requirements of 8.3, when tested according to A.7 the
weight of the deposit collected shall not exceed 0,03 kg/m of the total area of the inner surface of the flue,
and shall subsequently meet the gas tightness requirements of 8.3.
8.5 Compressive strength
8.5.1 The manufacturer shall declare the structural height. When tested according to A.8, flue liners
and straight fittings shall withstand an intensity of loading equivalent to four times the manufacturer’s
declared structural height.
NOTE The manufacturers’ declared structural height may be derived from the ultimate compressive strength
determined by the method in A.11
8.5.2 Flue liner bends or other fittings made of the same material mix and by the same method of
manufacture as the tested straight flue liner shall be deemed to conform to the requirement in 8.5.1.
8.5.3 Flue liner bends or fittings made of a different material mix or using a different method of
manufacture from those described in 8.5.2, shall be checked for compressive strength by testing a
special straight test sample in accordance with 8.5.1.
This special straight test sample shall be made using the same material mix and manufacturing method
as the bend or fitting.
8.6 Flexural strength
There is no requirement for flexural strength as flue liners are not stand alone elements but are built with
an outer wall to form a chimney.
8.7 Corrosion resistance
When flue liners designated condensate resistance class W (suitable for use in wet operating conditions)
are tested as described in A.9, the weight loss of the pieces shall not be greater than 0,1 %.
Flue liners designated condensate resistance class D (dry) and which conform to 8.1 to 8.4 may be
assigned corrosion resistance class 3.
8.8 Condensate resistance
When flue liners designated W (for use in wet operating conditions) are tested as described in A.9 the
+1
maximum mass of test solution passing through the wall of the flue liner during any h test period
shall not be greater than 0,5 g/h·m of the flue liner external surface.
8.9 Bulk density
When flue liners are tested as described in A.10 each bulk density value shall be within a limit deviation of
± 10 % of the manufacturers declared bulk density for the flue liner.
8.10 Thermal resistance
Thermal resistance shall be measured according to the method given in A.5 or calculated according to the
method given in Annex C and its value declared by the manufacturer.
8.11 Resistance to freeze/thaw
Flue liners are not subject to freeze-thaw as they are not stand alone elements but are protected in a
chimney by an outer wall.
8.12 Flow resistance
8.12.1 Flow resistance of flue liners
The manufacturer shall declare the mean value of roughness for a flue liner determined either:
a) by testing in accordance with EN 1859 or
b) from the data obtained in EN 13384-1.
8.12.2 Flow resistance of fittings
The manufacturer shall declare the coefficient of flow resistance due to a directional and/or cross
sectional and/or mass flow change which shall be determined according to the method of EN 1859 or
obtained from the data in EN 13384-1.
9 Designation
All concrete flue liners to this standard shall be designated in accordance with 4.2, for which an example
of a designation system is given below :
EN 1857 T 400 N1 D 2 G
The number of this standard
Flue gas temperature class
Negative/positive pressure class
Resistance to condensate
Corrosion resistance
Fire resistance (Sootfire resistance G or O)
10 Marking
A minimum of 20 % of flue liners or fittings in each consignment shall be legibly and indelibly marked or
labelled with the following information :
a) the name or trademark of the manufacturer;
b) the manufacturers batch or date code;
c) the number of this European Standard;
d) the class or classes or full designation;
e) an arrow indicating direction of flue gas flow.
NOTE For CE marking and labelling, see ZA.3.
11 Product information
The manufacturer's printed literature for the product shall include the following:
a) the manufacturer's product description;
b) manufacturer's declared sizes;
c) the product designation;
d) manufacturer's declared structural height;
e) detailed installation instructions including method of jointing.
NOTE For CE marking requirements for information on the product, see ZA.3.
12 Evaluation of conformity
12.1 Initial type testing
Type test relating to material composition shall be performed initially together with factory production
control tests as given in Table 6. One test shall be carried out for each requirement.
The thermal testing shall be carried out on one size of flue liner for each geometrical configuration,
e.g. circular, square, rectangular. For circular flue liners, the size to be tested shall be 200 mm ± 50
mm internal diameter. For other geometrical configurations, the flue liner shall have an equivalent
cross-sectional area range.
12.2 Further type tests
Type tests shall be performed when a change is made either in material composition, processing
technique or to the design or method of manufacture of the flue liner, but they may be performed more
frequently by incorporation into a plan for monitoring the consistency of manufacture (see Table 6).
Table 6 — Factory production control and type tests
Relevant requirement clauses
Item
Factory production control Type tests
a
12.3 12.1 and 12.2
Straight flue liners 4.1; 5; 6; 7.1, 7.2; 7.3; 8.3; 8.5 and 8.1; 8.2; 8.3; 8.4; 8.5;
8.9 8.6; 8.7; 8.8; 8.10 and
8.11, 8.12
a
The tests carried out during FPC are intended to verify that the performance
requirements assessed through the initial type testing are maintained.
12.3 Factory production control
To achieve compliance with this standard, the manufacturer shall establish and maintain an effective
documented quality system.
Factory production control tests are carried out following manufacture to monitor the quality of product
(see Table 6).
Sampling and testing of any batch shall be completed prior to removal from the works and shall be in
accordance with ISO 2859-1 at an AQL of 10 % and inspection level S2. Isolated batches of units shall
be assessed in accordance with tightened inspection procedures, with a maximum batch size of 2 500
(see Annex D).
Batches rejected under the factory production control procedure may be resubmitted once, after
removal of units with previously undetected visible defects, under the tightened inspection procedures,
in respect only of the defect that caused initial rejection.
NOTE A quality system assessed by a certification body which complies with the requirements of EN 45012
may be applied to ensure that the requirements of EN ISO 9001 and clause 12 are complied with.
Annex A
(normative)
Test methods
A.1 Measurement of dimensions
A.1.1 Transverse dimensions
The maximum and minimum internal transverse dimensions of the flue liner shall be those calculated from
the manufacturer’s declared tolerances and the tolerances specified in 7.1. If direct measurement is to be
carried out, two measurements should be taken at the observed maximum and minimum diameters.
The test also can be carried out using two gauges whose diameters are set at the minimum and
°
maximum diameters. The minimum gauge should be able to be turned through 360 within the whole
length of the flue liner. The maximum gauge should not be able to enter the flue liner when turned through
°
a rotation of 360 .
For square and rectangular flue liners, the internal transverse dimensions shall be measured between the
mid points of opposite sides of the flue liner.
A.1.2 Declared length
The maximum and minimum declared lengths of a flue liner shall be those calculated from the
manufacturer’s declared dimensions and the tolerances specified in 7.1. If direct measurement is to be
carried out, two measurements should be taken at the observed maximum and minimum internal lengths.
The test can also be carried out by using two gauges whose heights are set at the minimum and
maximum internal lengths. The minimum gauge should not be able to fit over the internal length of the flue
liner. The maximum gauge should be able to fit over the internal length of the flue liner.
A.1.3 Wall thickness
The maximum and minimum wall thickness dimensions shall be those calculated from the manufacturer’s
declared dimensions and the tolerances specified in 7.1 or direct measurement is to be carried out at the
observed maximum and minimum thickness.
A.2 Straightness
A.2.1 Apparatus
A straightness measuring device, such as a straight edge, having a length 100 mm less than the nominal
length of the flue liner under test.
A.2.2 Procedure
A.2.2.1 Place the measuring device along the line L as shown in Figure A.1
T
A.2.2.2 Measure the maximum distance from the centre of the straight line created by the
apparatus in A.2.1 spanning any concave curve on the outside of the flue liner to the flue liner surface
(D ) as shown in Figure A.1
S
A.2.3 Result
Record any case where D is greater than 1% or, in the case of liners equal to or greater than
S
1000 mm in length, any case where D is greater than 0,5 % of the declared length.
S
L /2 L /2
T T
L
T
L
N
Key
L  is the nominal length of the flue liner in mm;
N
L  is the test length in mm;
T
D  is the deviation from straightness in mm;
S
L - L = 100 mm.
N T
Figure A.1 — Straightness test
A.3 Squareness of ends test
A.3.1 Apparatus
A level test bench with a fixed upright at 90°, see Figure A.2 a);
A square having one arm 300 mm long and second arm 400 mm long.
A.3.2 First procedure
Place the flue liner upright on the test bench with the base of the liner touching the collar. Rotate the liner
through 360°.
A.3.3 Result
Record any case where the flue liner touches the upright.
A.3.4 Second procedure
Place the flue liner upright on the test bench and apply one arm of the square along its side with the other
arm touching the end of the liner. Rotate the square across the end of the liner. Rotate the square across
the end of the liner as shown in Figure A.2 b).
A.3.5 Result
Record any case where the dimension at 'G' exceeds 5 mm.
D
S
G
a) First procedure b) Second procedure
Key
1 Adjustable
2 Adjustable cantilevered straight edge
3 Level test surface
Figure A.2 — Apparatus for squareness test
A.4 Heat stress resistance and heat shock test
NOTE The heat shock test is the method to assess the flue liner for soot fire resistance
A.4.1 Apparatus
A heat generator capable of delivering completely combusted hot gas at the test temperature specified in
Table 5, having a CO/CO ratio not greater than 0,01, with the appropriate volume flow for the cross
section specified in Table A.1.
The temperature of the products of combustion and the surface of the flue liner assembly shall be
measured by a type K (Nickel-chromium/Nickel-aluminium) thermocouple, or similar, with an unsheathed
° o
junction located as shown in Figure A.3. Limit deviation for temperatures up to 600 C 3 C and for
°
temperatures over 600 C 0,75 %.
A.4.2 Test assembly
Construct a test assembly of liners containing a minimum of one complete liner and two joints for flue
liners less than or equal to 1,0 m manufacturer’s declared length to give a minimum overall height of 2,0
m jointed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Flue liners of manufacturer's declared length
greater than 1,0 m may be cut and the test assembly formed from two cut pieces, each having a length
greater than 0,5 m and having only one joint near the centre of the assembly, jointed in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
For thermal testing (heat stress and heat shock) the flue liner shall be insulated with a flexible material
2 °
having a thermal resistance of 0,4 m K/W 10 % at a temperature of 200 C. The insulation material
shall be capable of withstanding a temperature of C C .
90˚
450 min.
G
A.4.3 Test environment and conditioning
A.4.3.1 Test room
The test room shall provide the following conditions:
Ambient air temperature : 15 C up to 30 °C;
Draughts into the test room : 0,5 m/s;
NOTE This requirement is assumed to be met by a closed room environment.
Location of measurements : minimum height of 1,0 m above the floor and at least 1,0 m from the
test room walls;
Minimum distance between test chimneys and other structures (i.e. walls, .): 1,0 m ;
Free connecting space if the laboratory is divided in several levels.
These ambient air conditions are measured a maximum of 1,0 m from the test assembly.
Limit deviation of measurements shall be:
a) ± 1,5 °C for the ambient temperature;
b) ± 0,05 m/s for the velocity of draughts;
c) ± 0,05 m for the distances.
A.4.3.2 Assembly conditioning
Condition the test assembly for a minimum of 28 days at ambient temperature unless otherwise specified
by the manufacturer, then remove all loose materials by conducting 20 brush cycles as in clause A.7 and
carry out a gas tightness test as in clause A.6.
A.4.3.3 Drying/conditioning phase
Unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer deliver flue gases into the test assembly in such a way
that the temperature, measured as described in A.4.4.1, rises to 200 °C or the nominated test temperature
whichever is the lower in 60 min ± 5 min.
A.4.4 Procedure
A.4.4.1 Establish an Overall Temperature Distribution Factor (OTDF) not exceeding 1,05 by
taking five measurements of temperature along two traverses at right angles across the section of the
flue liner within 50 mm of the entry. The locations for temperature measurement shall be positioned in
the flue according to Figure A.3. Point E shall be central to the flue, points A to D shall be 20 mm
2 mm from the inner surface of the flue.
Highest temperature at measuring points A to E
The OTDF is calculated by :
Average temperature of measuring points A to E
A.4.4.2 Deliver completely combusted gas, according to the flow rate specified in Table A.1, into
the test sample and within 10 min, raise the temperature of the gas uniformly to the appropriate test
temperature (see Table 5) measured at the location giving the highest temperature as described in
A.4.4.1. Values for gas flow rate shall be interpolated for sizes between those in Table A.1 and
extrapolated for larger values. The gas flow for liners other than circular shall be determined on an
equivalent hydraulic diameter basis.
A.4.4.3 Maintain the delivery of gas until the temperature of the outer surface of the mid point of
the flue liner test assembly does not rise by more than 2 °C in 30 min (equilibrium) or to a maximum
time of 4 h. The point of measurement shall be at the mid point of a complete flue liner near the centre
of the assembly or at least 100 mm from a joint. For rectangular sections the measurement shall be
taken at the mid point of the longer side. Allow the test sample to cool to ambient without assistance
e.g. without forced ventilation.
+50
A.4.4.4 For the heat shock test maintain the flue gas temperature at 1 000  C for a
C
period of (30 ± 1) min.
A.4.4.5 Subject the test sample to the test described in clause A.6.
Table A.1 — Hot gas volume flow rates V test temperature and flue diameter
s
A. Thermal performance - negative pressure chimneys (Volume flow in m /h)
°
Test temperature in C
Diameter 100 120 150 170 190 250 300 350 500 550 700
mm
80 42,1 42,9 43,9 45,1 46,3 50,2 53,7 57,2 67,4 68,2 80,6
65,8 66,9 68,5 70,4 72,3 78,5 83,9 89,3 105 110 126
125 102 104 107 110 113 123 132 140 164 172 197
150 148 150 154 159 163 177 189 201 237 238 283
175 201 205 210 216 221 240 257 274 322 338 386
200 263 266 274 282 289 314 337 357 421 439 504
B. Thermal performance - positive pressure chimneys (Volume flow in m /h)
°
Test temperature in C
Diameter 100 120 150 170 190 250 300 350 500 550 700
mm
50 22,0 22,8 24,0 25,0 26,0 28,0 30,0 32,0 37,0 38,8 44,1
80 64,0 66,0 69,0 72,0 74,0 80,0 85,5 91,0 107 112 126
100 105 109 115 119 122 133 142 151 177 185 209
125 174 180 189 196 202 220 235 249 292 305 345
150 262 271 285 295 304 331 353 375 440 460 520
175 370 383 404 417 430 468 500 531 622 651 736
200 500 518 545 564 580 632 675 717 840 879 994
Table A.1 — Hot gas volume flow rates V test temperature and flue diameter (continued)
s
C. Thermal shock - negative and positive pressure chimneys (Volume flow in m /h)
Diameter (in mm) 80 100 125 150 175 200
Temperature
1 000 °C
108 144 252 360 468 612
NOTE The flow rates are for heat generation from natural gas combustion.
Plan of measurement points for
circular flue
Key
1 Location of hot gas thermocouples (A to E)
2 Outer wall
3 Partition
4 Hot gas temperature measurement points
5 Seal
Figure A.3 — Temperature measuring points
A.5 Thermal resistance
A.5.1 Test assembly
Use a test assembly consisting of two fans, two electric heaters and interconnecting tubes so that
heated air can pass around the test assembly. A schematic diagram is given in Figure A.4. Install in
each arm of the test assembly a minimum of 2 m of test chimney sections including at least two joints.
A.5.2 Test procedure
Circulate hot gas around the test assembly. The velocity of the hot gas shall be a minimum of 4 m/s
and the hot gas temperature at the ends of the test sections measured within 100 mm of the ends of
°
the liner with the test section shall not differ by more than 10 C. For negative pressure chimneys
maintain the pressure in the test chimney between 0 Pa and -10 Pa.
Measure the internal and external surface temperature of the chimney sections as specified in A.4.1.
For chimneys designated suitable for wet conditions, the hot gas shall be water vapour saturated and
°
shall have a heat content and temperature so that the inner surface reaches a temperature of 70 C.
For chimneys designated suitable for dry conditions, the hot gas shall have a heat content and
temperature so that the inner surface reaches a temperature of 20 % below the designated
°
temperature (nominal working temperature), but not more than 200 C. Adjust the temperature and
heat content of the hot gas until equilibrium conditions exist. Equilibrium is reached when the
difference between the outer surface temperature of the chimney sections and ambient temperature
does not change by more than 1 % in 60 min.
Undertake the test twice with one temperature rise from a lower temperature level and one drop from a
higher level.
Reassemble the test assembly without the test chimney sections. Repeat the test as described before
until the hot gas temperature is the same as during the tests with the chimney sections in place, and
until equilibrium. Equilibrium is reached when the difference between the outer surface temperature of
the chimney sections and ambient temperature does not change by more than 1 % in 3 h.
A.5.3 Results
For the assembly with two test arms calculate the thermal resistance (1/) (m x K/W) from the
equation:
1/ = A (t - t )/(Q - Q )
i i o 1 2
where
Q is the total heat input with the chimney section (W);
Q is the total heat input without the chimney section (W);
t is the inner surface temperature (°C);
i
t is the outer surface temperature (°C);
o
A is the total inner surface area of the chimney (m ).
i
5 6
A-B
AB
6 5
7 7
Key
1 Experimental chimney 5 Electric heater

2 Flue conductor 6 Connecting pipe
3 Radial ventilator 7 Base
4 Electric fan 8 Measuring points for pressure, the flue gas velocity and working temperature
– Outside
Figure A.4 — Recirculating test assembly
A.6 Gas tightness test
A.6.1 Apparatus
A.6.1.1 A test assembly as described in A.4.2, without the insulation. For sampling at the factory
only one liner may be used.
A.6.1.2 A means of creating an airtight seal at each end of the test flue assembly.
A.6.1.3 Two pieces of tubing passing through and sealed into one of the airtight seals (see
Figure A.5).
A.6.1.4 A fan capable of producing at least the required differential pressure, a flow meter and a
manometer shall be used. The air supply for the test shall be measured by a flow meter with a limit
deviation of 5 % of full scale. The full scale reading shall be approximately the flow rate for the
maximum air permeability rate for the appropriate class of flue liner.
A.6.1.5 A pressure gauge capable of measuring a pressure to a limit deviation of ± 5 %.
A.6.2 Test environment and conditioning
A.6.2.1 Test room
As A.4.3.1
A.6.2.2 Assembly and conditioning
Condition the test assembly for a minimum of 28 days at ambient temperature unless otherwise specified
by the manufacturer.
A.6.3 Procedure
A.6.3.1 Plug both ends of the test assembly with an airtight seal. At one end insert two lengths of
tubing (A.6.1.3), see Figure A.5.
A.6.3.2 Blow air through one of the tubes at a rate sufficient to achieve and maintain the pressure
specified in 8.3 measured on the pressure gauge (A.6.1.5).
Key
1 Seal
2 Flow meter
3 Fan
4 Seal
5 Jointed flue liners
6 Pressure gauge
Figure A .5 — Gas tightness test apparatus
A.6.4 Result
Calculate the gas tightness "E" of the assembly using the following equation :
Q
E =
S t
where
E  is gas tightness, in litres per second per square metre;
Q  is air volume passing through the test assembly during test, in litres;
t  is test duration, in seconds;
S  is inside surface area of the flue liner, in square metres.
A.7 Abrasion resistance test
A.7.1 Test assembly
The assembly of flue liners as described in A.4.2 of 200 mm diameter (or closest size in manufacturers
range), which have been subjected to the heat stress and the shock test according to their appropriate
temperature group designation.
18 17 19 17
16 16
Key
1 Height of funnel not less than 200 mm 6 Collection box
2 Tight fitting sleeve projecting 20 mm to 40 mm 7 Plan of linear opening area
into opening
8 Plan of brush area
3 Bottom plate attached to bottom sleeve
9 Round liner
4 Height sufficient to allow brush to pass through
bottom of test assembly
10 Square or rectangular liner
5 Catchment funnel attached to sleeve 11 Rod
Figure A .6 — Abrasion resistance test apparatus
A.7.2 Preparation
Fit a tight fitting metal sleeve attached to a catchment funnel into the top opening of the test flue. Fit a tight
fitting metal sleeve attached to a plate which has an opening matching the area of the opening of the flue
into the bottom of the test flue as shown in Figure A.6.
A.7.3 Test brush
The sweeping brush shall have flat spring-steel bristles of stainless steel in accordance with EN 10088-2,
grade X9 CR NI 18-8, steel number 1.4310, with a cross section of (2,0 mm 0,1) mm × (0,3 0,1) mm.
The overall dimension of the brush shall be (25 5) mm greater than the internal dimensions of the flue.
The bristles shall be arranged so that there are 5 per 10 mm length of the perimeter of the plan area of the
brush. The brush shall be held securely between plates having a plan dimension (100 5) mm less than
the cross sectional internal transverse dimension of the flue being tested.
The brush shall be attached to a rod.
A.7.4 Test procedure
Pass the brush down through the total length of the test assembly at a rate of (0,4 0,1) m/s and then at
the same rate pull the brush up through the total length of the test assembly.
Repeat this cycle 100 times.
A.7.5 Result
Record the weight of any material that has been dislodged from the internal surface of the test assembly
and calculate the total area of the internal surface of the flue between the sleeves.
A.8 Compressive strength test
A.8.1 Apparatus
A machine having a verified accuracy as specified in ISO 7500-1 Class 3, capable of applying the test
load at the rate specified in A.8.3.
A.8.2 Preparation of test sample
A.8.2.1  Prepare a section of liner at least 150 mm in length, by sawing each end to produce flat and
parallel ends, to within the tolerances specified in 7.3, square to the axis. If the samples are wet cut,
condition by drying in an oven for (48 h 30 min) at (70 3) °C. For liners having external transverse
dimensions greater than 300 mm, cut by sawing a section as indicated
...