EN 16054:2012

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kolesa BMX - Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metodeBMX-Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und PrüfverfahrenBicyclette BMX - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essaiBMX bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods43.150KolesaCyclesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16054:2012SIST EN 16054:2014en,de01-marec-2014SIST EN 16054:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16054
September 2012 ICS 43.150 English Version
BMX bicycles - Safety requirements and test methods
Bicyclette BMX - Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d'essai
BMX-Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16054:2012: ESIST EN 16054:2014

This European Standard specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of BMX bicycles and sub-assemblies intended for use in any type of location such as roads and/or tracks and/or ramps. It applies to specialised types of bicycle designed and equipped for activities such as acrobatic ground manoeuvres, stunting and aerobatic manoeuvres and lays down guidelines for instructions on the use and care of such BMX bicycles. It applies to BMX bicycles on which the saddle height can be adjusted to provide a minimum saddle height of 435 mm or more. It applies to: a) category 1, BMX designed for a rider mass of 45 kg or less; b) category 2, BMX designed for a rider mass more than 45 kg.
It does not apply to BMX bicycles for use in sanctioned competition events. No requirements on lighting set, reflectors and warning devices are specified in this European Standard due to the existence of several different national regulations applicable in the European countries. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out (ISO 1101) ISO 9633, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 BMX bicycle designed for use in any type of location such as roads, tracks and/or ramps and equipped with single speed freewheel transmission, no suspension systems and no back pedal brake
3.2 free-wheel transmission gearing mechanism which is designed to disengage the wheel from the pedal mechanism in one rotating direction 3.3 peg component that allows the rider to stand during aerobatic manoeuvres or to slide on static objects 3.4 rotor part of the brake system that allows an infinite rotation of the steering system around its axis SIST EN 16054:2014

bicycle fitted with all components necessary for its intended use 3.8 maximum saddle height
vertical distance from the ground to the top of the seat surface, measured with the seat in a horizontal position and with the seat-pillar set to the minimum insertion depth
3.9 braking distance
distance travelled by a bicycle between the commencement of braking (3.10) and the point at which the bicycle comes to rest 3.10 commencement of braking
point on the test track or test machine at which the brake actuating device operated directly by the rider's hand or by a test mechanism starts to move from its rest position, on the test track this point being determined by the first brake actuating device (front or rear) to operate 3.11 braking force
FBr tangential rearward force between the tyre and the ground or the tyre and the drum or belt of the test machine 3.12 rim-brake brake in which brake-shoes act on the rim of the wheel 3.13 pedal tread-surface surface of a pedal that is presented to the underside of the foot 3.14 crank assembly assembly which, for fatigue testing, consists of the two cranks, the pedal-spindles (possibly with adaptors), the bottom-bracket spindle, and the first component of the drive system, e.g. the chain-wheel cluster 3.15 visible crack crack which results from a test where that crack is visible to the naked eye 3.16 fracture unintentional separation into two or more parts 3.17 wheel-base distance between the axes of the front and rear wheels of an un-laden bicycle SIST EN 16054:2014

device to fix or release a part without a tool 3.20 maximum inflation pressure
maximum tyre pressure recommended by the tyre manufacturer
3.21 exposed protrusion
protrusion which, through its location and rigidity, could present a hazard to the rider either through heavy contact with it in normal use or should the rider fall onto it in an accident 4 Requirements and test methods 4.1 Numbers and condition of test specimens
In general, for static, impact and fatigue tests, each test shall be conducted on a new test sample, but if only one sample is available, it is permissible to conduct all of these tests on the same sample with the sequence of testing being fatigue, static and impact. If more than one test is conducted on the same sample, the test sequence shall be clearly recorded in the test report or record of testing. NOTE It should be noted that if more than one test is conducted on the same sample, earlier tests can influence the results of subsequent tests. In addition, if a sample fails when it has been subjected to more than one test, a direct comparison with single testing is not possible. In all strength tests, specimens shall be in the fully finished condition. 4.2 Accuracy tolerances and test conditions
4.2.1 Accuracy — Tolerances Unless stated otherwise, accuracy tolerances based on the nominal values shall be as follows:  forces and torques 0/+ 5 %;  masses and weights ± 1 %;  dimensions
± 1 mm;  angles
± 1;  time duration
± 5 s;  temperatures
± 2 °C;  pressures
± 5 %. SIST EN 16054:2014
a) the rim-brake mechanism at the front and rear wheels; b) a lamp-bracket fitted on the headtube;
c) reflectors; d) clipless attachment mechanism; e) chainwheels and sprockets; f) bottle carrier; g) brake rotor; h) pedal tread; shall terminate in a radius, R (see Figure 1), of not less than 6,3 mm. Such protrusions shall have a major end dimension, A, not less than 12,7 mm and a minor dimension, B, not less than 3,2 mm. SIST EN 16054:2014

Key R ≥ 6,3 A ≥12,7 B ≥ 3,2 Figure 1 — Examples of minimum dimensions of exposed protrusions (which apply only when L is greater than 8 mm) Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 2 — Exposed protrusion test cylinder 4.5.1.2 Exclusion zone, protective devices and screw threads There shall be no protrusions on the top tube of a bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, with the exception that outer cable casing no greater than 6,4 mm in diameter and cable guides and outer cable stops made from material no thicker than 4,8 mm may be attached to the top tube. Foam pads attached to the bicycle frame to act as protective cushions are permitted, provided that the bicycle meets the requirements for protrusions when the pads are removed. SIST EN 16054:2014

Key 1 test cylinder 2
protrusion shall comply 3
protrusion need not to comply Figure 3 — Examples of protrusions 4.5.3 Pegs External extremities of the pegs (see Figure 4) shall have a chamfer or a fillet of at least 1,6 mm and an angle from 30° min to 45° max. The dimension A shall be at least 1,6 mm. SIST EN 16054:2014

Figure 4 — Peg's extremity 4.6 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners 4.6.1 Security of screws Any screws used to attach brake-mechanisms to the frame or fork, and the saddle to the seat-pillar shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g., lock-washers, lock-nuts, or stiff nuts. 4.6.2 Minimal failure torque The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handlebars, handlebar stems, seats and seat pillars shall be at least 50 % greater than the manufacturer's recommended tightening torque. 4.6.3 Folding bicycle Folding bicycles shall meet all test requirements. Folding mechanisms shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in a simple, stable, safe way and when folded no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or unlock the folding mechanisms during riding. 4.6.4 Quick release devices No form of quick release system shall be permitted for wheel axle retention. 4.7 Pegs/axles assembly 4.7.1 Pegs — Resistance to loosening 4.7.1.1 Requirements When tested according to test method described in 4.7.1.2, pegs shall not unscrew. 4.7.1.2 Test method Apply a tangential force of 700 N at the midpoint of each peg, in such a way to produce the maximum unscrewing torque as shown in Figure 5. Apply the load for one minute and check if the requirements are met. SIST EN 16054:2014

Key 1 unscrewing Figure 5 — Pegs – Resistance loosening
In case of noncircular cross section, apply the tangential load at the longer side. 4.7.2 Resistance to deflection 4.7.2.1 Requirements Pegs shall not show a total deflection under load, greater than 30° (measured on the pegs) to the axle axis when tested according to test method described in 4.7.2.2. 4.7.2.2 Test method Perform a separate static test on each pair of front and back peg/axle assembly of a complete bike with the pegs supported at their midpoint. Apply a vertical force, F, of 3 000 N on the wheel, in a direction normal to the peg longitudinal axis and corresponding to the vertical direction, with the bicycle standing on the ground, as shown in Figure 6. Apply the load for one minute and check if the requirements are met before removing the load.
Key F = 3 000 N Figure 6 — Pegs — Resistance to deflection (example of test configuration) 4.8 Brakes 4.8.1 Braking-systems A bicycle shall be equipped with at least two independent braking-systems.
At least one shall operate on the front wheel and one on the rear wheel. The braking-systems shall operate without binding and shall be capable of meeting the braking-performance requirements of 4.8.7. NOTE The inner cable should be protected from corrosion, e.g. by suitable impervious liner to the outer casing. 4.8.2 Hand-operated brakes 4.8.2.1 Brake-lever position The handbrake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in the manufacturer’s instructions which lever operates the front brake and which lever operates the rear brake (see also Clause 5, list entry b)). 4.8.2.2 Brake-lever grip dimensions 4.8.2.2.1 Requirement The maximum grip dimension, d, measured between the outer surfaces of the brake-lever in the region intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the handlebar or any other covering present shall over a distance of not less than 40 mm as shown in Figure 7, conform to the following:  for category 1 d shall not exceed 75 mm; SIST EN 16054:2014

Key a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever d maximum grip dimension Figure 7 — Handbrake-lever grip dimensions 4.8.2.2.2 Test method Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 8 a) and b) over the handlebar-grip or the handlebar (where the manufacturer does not fit a grip) and the brake-lever as shown in Figure 9 so that the face A is in contact with the handlebar or grip and the side of the brake-lever. Ensure that the face B spans an area of that part of the brake-lever that is intended for contact with the rider's fingers without the gauge causing any movement of the brake-lever towards the handlebar or grip. Measure the distance a, the distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever (see 4.8.2.1, Figures 7 and 8 and 4.8.2.3). SIST EN 16054:2014

Key a) category 1 b) category 2 A face A B face B C rod Figure 8 — Handbrake-lever grip-dimension gauges
Figure 9 — Method of fitting the gauge to the handbrake-lever and handlebar SIST EN 16054:2014

Key F applied force b ≥ 25 mm Figure 10 — Position of applied force on the handbrake-lever (see also Figure 7) 4.8.2.3 Handbrake-levers — Position of applied force For the purposes of all braking tests in this European Standard the test force shall be applied at a distance, b, which is equal to either dimension a as determined in 4.8.2.2.2 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake-lever, whichever is the greater (see Figure 10).
4.8.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements NOTE 1 See 4.6 in relation to fasteners. Cable pinch-bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit the rotation of the wheel. The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a minimum removal force of 20 N or be otherwise treated to prevent unravelling. NOTE 2 The inner cable should be protected from corrosion, e.g. by a suitable impervious liner to the outer casing. 4.8.4 Brake adjustment Each brake shall be capable of adjustment without the use of a tool to an efficient operating position until the friction material has worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, when correctly adjusted, the friction material shall not contact anything other than the intended braking surface. 4.8.5 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test 4.8.5.1 Requirement The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing-plate, or shoe and there shall be no failure of the assembly when tested by the method specified in 4.8.5.2. The brake system shall be capable of meeting the strength test specified in 4.8.6 and braking performance requirements of 4.8.6.1 after completion of the test specified in 4.8.5.2. SIST EN 16054:2014

Use a machine such as those described in 4.8.7.2.4.2 at a velocity of 12,5 km/h.
With a vertical force applied to the bicycle sufficient to prevent skidding of the tyre on the wheel under test, accelerate the driving mechanism to the specified velocity in a rearward direction, and then apply an operating-force of 180 N. Repeat the operation 5 times. 4.8.6 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test 4.8.6.1 Requirement When tested by the method described in 4.8.6.2, there shall be no failure of the braking-system or of any component (including brake rotor if any) thereof. 4.8.6.2 Test method Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle.
After it has been ensured that the braking system is correctly adjusted according to recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, apply a force to the brake-lever at the point specified in 4.8.2.3.
This force shall be 450 N, or such lesser force as is required to bring a brake-lever into contact with the handlebar grip or the handlebar where the manufacturer does not fit a grip. Repeat the test for a total of 10 times on each hand-brake lever. 4.8.7 Braking performance 4.8.7.1 General Two test methods are specified and experience has shown that the test track method is not suitable for category 1 due to the required size of the rider. One test method is the machine test in which braking force is measured: the progressive characteristics of the brake are determined by linearity measurements. A final, simple track test checks for smooth, safe, stopping characteristics.
The second test method is the track test in which braking distance is measured directly with the progressive characteristics of the brakes being self-evident. The ratio between wet and dry performance cannot be evaluated with this method. 4.8.7.2 Machine test method 4.8.7.2.1 Principle The braking force FBr is measured on a test machine. The progressive characteristics of the brake are determined by linearity measurements. A final, simple track test checks for smooth, safe, stopping characteristics. 4.8.7.2.2 Test bicycle Conduct the braking-performance test on a fully assembled bicycle after the brakes have been subjected to the strength test detailed in 4.8.6.
4.8.7.2.3.2 Linearity When tested by the methods described in 4.8.7.2.4.4, list entry e), the braking force FBr average shall be linearly proportional (within + 20 %) to the progressively increasing intended operating forces FOp intend. The requirement applies to braking forces FBr average equal to and greater than 80 N category 1 wet condition excluded.
4.8.7.2.3.3 Ratio between wet and dry braking performance In order to ensure safety for both wet and dry braking, the ratio of braking performance wet/dry shall be greater than 4:10. The methods for calculating this ratio are given in 4.8.7.2.4.4, list entry f). 4.8.7.2.3.4 Smooth, safe-stop characteristics The bicycle shall show smooth, safe-stop characteristics. 4.8.7.2.4 Test methods 4.8.7.2.4.1 Symbols  FOp = operating force (i.e. force applied on handbrake lever)  FOp intend
= intended operating force (e.g. 60 N, 80 N)  FOp rec = recorded operating force (e.g. 61 N, 79 N)  FBr = braking force  FBr rec = recorded braking force SIST EN 16054:2014

= the arithmetic mean of the three FBr corr at one level of FOp intend  FBr max = the maximum FBr average  FD Br = dry braking-force  FW Br = wet braking-force 4.8.7.2.4.2 Test machine The test machine enables measurements of the individual braking forces of the front and rear brakes on a drum or belt. The test machine shall incorporate a system which drives the wheel under test by tyre contact and a means of measuring the braking-force, and typical examples of two types of machine are illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. Figure 11 shows a machine in which a roller drives the individual wheels, and Figure 12 shows a machine in which a driven belt contacts both wheels. Other types of machine are permitted, provided they meet the specific requirements listed below.
The specific requirements are as follows: a) the linear surface velocity of the tyre shall be 12,5 km/h and shall be controlled within ± 5 %; b) a means of laterally restraining the wheel under test shall be provided which does not create any fore/aft restraint; c) a means of laterally applying forces to the hand-brake levers at the point specified in 4.8.2.3 shall be provided, with the width of the contact on the lever not greater than 5 mm; d) a water spray system, to provide wetting of the brakes of the bicycle, consisting of a water reservoir connected by tubing to a pair of nozzles arranged as shown in Figure 13; each nozzle shall provide a flow of water at ambient temperature to ensure that, in addition to the rim, any hub-or disc-brake is thoroughly wetted before a test begins; e) a system for loading the wheels of the bicycle against the driving mechanism (see 4.8.7.2.4.4). SIST EN 16054:2014

a)
b)
Key a) testing the front brake b) testing the rear brake 1 braking-force transducer 2 applied force or 3 additional mass 4 direction of drum rotation Figure 11 — Braking performance test machine — Single drum type
Key 1 braking-force transducer 2 applied force or 3 additional mass 4 direction of belt travel Figure 12 — Braking performance test machine — Driven-belt type SIST EN 16054:2014

Key
= 90° to 120°
= 30° to 60°
= 150 mm to 200 mm 1 water nozzles Figure 13 — Water nozzle arrangement for the wet braking test (applicable to all types of brake) 4.8.7.2.4.3 Instrumentation The test machine shall be instrumented to include the following: a) a device to record the surface velocity of the tyre, accurate to within ± 2 %; b) a device to record the braking force (see Figures 11 and 12, for example), accurate to within ± 5 %; c) a device to record the force applied to the hand-lever, accurate to within ± 5 %. 4.8.7.2.4.4 Test method a) General: Test the front and rear wheels individually. b) Vertical force on the test wheel: SIST EN 16054:2014

d) Performance tests method: 1) Testing under dry conditions: With a vertical force applied to the bicycle sufficient to prevent skidding of the tyre on the wheel under test, accelerate the driving mechanism to the specified velocity, then apply the operating-force in a series of 20 N increments from 60 N to either 180 N or to the force necessary to achieve a braking force of at least 700 N, whichever is the lesser. However, if the wheel locks, if any possible brake-overload device is actuated, or if the hand-lever comes into contact with the handlebar, do not increase the force further. For each increment of applied operating force, perform three tests within 1 min. Before applying the next level of operating force, allow the brake to cool for 1 min. The applied operating forces shall lie within ± 10 % of the intended operating forces, shall be applied as specified in 4.8.2.3, shall be recorded with an accuracy of ± 1 % and shall be fully applied within 1 s of the commencement of braking. For each increment of hand-lever force, record the braking force value, FBr rec, for a period of between 2,0 s and 2,5 s, with measurement starting 0,5 s - 1,0 s after the commencement of braking (see 3.10). Record FBr rec as the average braking force during this measurement period. The time at which the measurement of the braking force is started shall be related to the speed at which the operating force is applied. If the operating force is fully applied in less than 0,5 s after the commencement of braking, start the measurement after 0,5 s. However, if the operating force is fully applied between 0,5 s and 1,0 s after the commencement of braking, start the measurement when the operating force is fully applied. 2) Testing under wet conditions: The method shall be as given in 4.8.7.2.4.4, list entry c) with the addition that wetting of the brake system shall commence not less than 5 s before the commencement of braking for each increment of operating force and shall continue until the measurement period has ended. Water nozzles shall be arranged according to Figure 13. e) Linearity: Plot the calculated FBr average values (the arithmetic mean of the three corrected braking forces at each level of operating force) against the equivalent operating force values, FOp intend, in order to assess the linearity against the requirement in 4.8.7.2.3.2. Plot the results on a graph, showing the line of best fit and the ± 20 % limit lines obtained by the method of least squares. f) Ratio between wet and dry braking: SIST EN 16054:2014

where FD Br average is > 200 N, determine (using the following formula) whether or not the requirements of have been met: FW Br average / FD Br max average > 4:10 g) Simple track test: After completion of the machine test, conduct a brief, simple track test with progressively increasing operating forces to determine whether or not the brakes bring the bicycle to smooth, safe stop.
4.8.7.3 Track test method — Category 2 only 4.8.7.3.1 Principle On a track method braking test, braking performance is determined by the distance to stop (the braking distance). The progressive characteristics
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