EN 15949:2012
(Main)Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills
This European Standard defines the general safety requirements for hot rolling mills for long products as defined in 3.1.
This European Standard deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to hot rolling mills for long products. It deals not only with circumstances where the machinery is used as intended, but also includes other conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, such as foreseeable faults, malfunctions or misuse (see Clauses 4 and 5).
This applies also to hazards arising during various phases of the life of the machinery and equipment as described in 5.4 of EN ISO 12100:2010.
This European standard applies to: Machinery and equipment used for the manufacturing of metal rolled long products from the material supply from (1), via the rolling mill process equipment (2) to (9) including preparation area (10) (exemplary layout is given in Figure 1).
The following equipment is excluded:
a) furnaces in accordance with the EN 746 series;
b) continuous casting machines according to EN 14753;
c) hook conveyors according to EN 619;
d) roll and guide shop equipment (e. g., machine-tool);
e) storage equipment (e.g., high-bay warehouses);
f) cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles.
This document is not applicable to rolling mills for long products, which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN document.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen an Stab-, Formstahl- und Drahtwalzwerke
Diese Europäische Norm spezifiziert die allgemeinen Sicherheitsanforderungen an Warmwalzwerke für Langprodukte wie in 3.1 beschrieben. Diese Europäische Norm behandelt die für Warmwalzwerke für Langprodukte zutreffenden Gefährdungen, Gefährdungssituationen und -ereignisse. Sie behandelt nicht nur die Gegebenheiten, bei denen die Maschinen bestimmungsgemäß genutzt werden, sondern beinhaltet auch andere Bedingungen, die der Hersteller in Betracht gezogen hat, wie vorhersehbare Fehler, Fehlfunktionen oder fehlerhafte Nutzung (siehe Abschnitte 4 und 5). Dies gilt auch für Gefährdungen, die während der verschiedenen Lebensphasen der maschinellen Anlage und Ausrüstungen auftreten, wie in 5.4 der EN ISO 12100:2010 beschrieben. Diese Europäische Norm umfasst: Maschinelle Anlagen und Ausrüstungen zur Herstellung von gewalzten Langprodukten aus Metall von der Materialbeschickungsstation (1) über die Walzprozesseinrichtungen (2) bis (9), einschließlich des Umbaubereichs (10) (ein beispielhaftes Gestaltung zeigt Bild 1).
Sécurité des machines - Exigences techniques de sécurité pour machines de train à barre, train à profilés et train à fil
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions générales de sécurité pour les laminoirs à chaud pour produits longs tels que définis en 3.1.
La présente Norme européenne traite des phénomènes dangereux significatifs, des situations et évènements dangereux associés aux laminoirs à chaud pour produits longs. Elle ne prend pas seulement en compte les conditions liées à l’utilisation normale de la machine, mais elle inclut aussi d’autres conditions prévues par le fabricant, comme les défauts, les dysfonctionnements ou les mauvais usages prévisibles
(voir Articles 4 et 5).
Cela s’applique également aux phénomènes dangereux survenant lors des différentes phases de la vie des machines et des équipements, telles que décrites en 5.4 de l’EN ISO 12100:2010.
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux : machines et équipement utilisés pour la fabrication de produits métalliques longs laminés, depuis le poste d’alimentation (1) en matériau jusqu’à la zone de préparation (10) en passant par les équipements de laminage (2) à (9) (un exemple de disposition est donné à la Figure 1).
L’équipement suivant est exclu :
a) fours relevant de la série EN 746 ;
b) machines de coulée continue conformément à l’EN 14753 ;
c) convoyeurs à crochets conformément à l’EN 619 ;
d) équipements de l’atelier des trains de laminoirs (par exemple, machine-outil) ;
e) équipement de stockage (par exemple, entrepôts de stockage en hauteur) ;
f) grues, chariots élévateurs à fourche, camions, wagons de marchandises et autres véhicules.
Le présent document n’est pas applicable aux laminoirs pour produits longs fabriqués avant sa date de publication en tant que Norme européenne.
Varnost strojev - Varnostne zahteve za valjarne za palice, profilirano jeklo in žico
Ta evropski standard določa splošne varnostne zahteve za vroče valjarne za dolge izdelke.
Ta evropski standard obravnava pomembne nevarnosti, nevarne situacije in dogodke v zvezi z vročimi valjarnami za dolge izdelke. Ukvarja se z okoliščinami, v katerih se stroji namensko uporabljajo, ter tudi z drugimi pogoji, ki jih je predvidel proizvajalec, kot so predvidene okvare, napake ali nepravilna uporaba.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za: stroje in opremo, ki se uporablja za izdelovanje kovinskih valjanih dolgih izdelkov od dovoda materialov, prek valjarniških stojal do izhoda, skupaj z območjem za pripravo.
Izključena je naslednja oprema:
– peči v skladu s skupino EN 746;
– stroji za zvezno litje jekla v skladu s standardom EN 14753;
– tekoči trakovi s kljukami v skladu s standardom EN 619;
– vrtljiva oprema za obrate;
– oprema za shranjevanje (npr. visokoregalna skladišča);
– žerjavi, viličarji, tovornjaki in železniški vagoni ter druga vozila.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 28-Feb-2012
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Aug-2012
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 322/WG 3 - Rolling mills and finishing line equipment
- Current Stage
- 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 02-Sep-2017
- Completion Date
- 02-Sep-2017
Overview
Standard Reference: EN 15949:2012
Title: Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills (hot rolling mills for long products)
Organization: CEN
EN 15949:2012 defines general safety requirements for hot rolling mills that produce long products (bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills). The standard addresses significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during normal use and foreseeable faults, malfunctions or misuse (see Clauses 4 and 5). It covers hazards across the life phases of the machinery (per EN ISO 12100:2010) and applies to equipment from material supply through rolling, preparation and downstream handling. Certain equipment (e.g., furnaces, continuous casting machines, hook conveyors, roll shop tools, storage systems and vehicles) are explicitly excluded.
Key Topics
- Risk assessment & design planning: General requirements for design, planning of long-product rolling mills and structural assembly.
- Access and guarding: Safe access to work places and danger zones, guards, guard-rails and safeguarding measures.
- Control systems & stop functions: Normative Annex A covers control-system safety, selection of stop and emergency-stop functions and shut‑down equipment.
- Mechanical and process safety: Safety requirements for roller tables, conveyors, rolling stands, rolling blocks, cross transfers, cutting machines, cooling lines and other process equipment.
- Fluid and pneumatic systems: Normative Annex B addresses hazards and safety measures for fluid systems.
- Noise and vibration: Annex C provides a noise test code and measurement/declaration guidance. Vibration and ergonomics requirements are included.
- Fire and gas safety: Fire protection, and Annex D on protection against asphyxiant gases used in fire-fighting systems.
- Verification & information for use: Procedures for verification of safety measures, marking, instruction handbooks and maintenance manuals.
- Maintenance guidance: Informative Annex E gives example safety instructions for maintenance and safe work procedures.
Applications
EN 15949:2012 is practical for:
- Machine builders and OEMs designing or delivering bar, structural steel and wire rod rolling mills.
- Plant designers and integrators implementing safe layouts, guarding and control systems.
- Safety engineers and risk assessors conducting risk assessments and compliance checks.
- Maintenance teams and operators using the standard’s guidance for safe servicing, signage and operating modes.
- Notified bodies and certifiers verifying conformity with European machine safety requirements.
Using EN 15949:2012 helps reduce mechanical, thermal, noise and fluid-related hazards in hot rolling mills and supports compliance with European machinery safety practice.
Related Standards
- EN ISO 12100:2010 (machine risk assessment principles and life-cycle considerations)
- EN 746 series (furnaces) - excluded equipment referenced in scope
- EN 14753 (continuous casting) - excluded
- EN 619 (hook conveyors) - excluded
Keywords: EN 15949:2012, safety of machinery, bar mills, wire rod mills, hot rolling mills, long products, machine safety, risk assessment, guards, control systems, noise test code.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 15949:2012 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills". This standard covers: This European Standard defines the general safety requirements for hot rolling mills for long products as defined in 3.1. This European Standard deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to hot rolling mills for long products. It deals not only with circumstances where the machinery is used as intended, but also includes other conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, such as foreseeable faults, malfunctions or misuse (see Clauses 4 and 5). This applies also to hazards arising during various phases of the life of the machinery and equipment as described in 5.4 of EN ISO 12100:2010. This European standard applies to: Machinery and equipment used for the manufacturing of metal rolled long products from the material supply from (1), via the rolling mill process equipment (2) to (9) including preparation area (10) (exemplary layout is given in Figure 1). The following equipment is excluded: a) furnaces in accordance with the EN 746 series; b) continuous casting machines according to EN 14753; c) hook conveyors according to EN 619; d) roll and guide shop equipment (e. g., machine-tool); e) storage equipment (e.g., high-bay warehouses); f) cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles. This document is not applicable to rolling mills for long products, which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN document.
This European Standard defines the general safety requirements for hot rolling mills for long products as defined in 3.1. This European Standard deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to hot rolling mills for long products. It deals not only with circumstances where the machinery is used as intended, but also includes other conditions foreseen by the manufacturer, such as foreseeable faults, malfunctions or misuse (see Clauses 4 and 5). This applies also to hazards arising during various phases of the life of the machinery and equipment as described in 5.4 of EN ISO 12100:2010. This European standard applies to: Machinery and equipment used for the manufacturing of metal rolled long products from the material supply from (1), via the rolling mill process equipment (2) to (9) including preparation area (10) (exemplary layout is given in Figure 1). The following equipment is excluded: a) furnaces in accordance with the EN 746 series; b) continuous casting machines according to EN 14753; c) hook conveyors according to EN 619; d) roll and guide shop equipment (e. g., machine-tool); e) storage equipment (e.g., high-bay warehouses); f) cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles. This document is not applicable to rolling mills for long products, which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN document.
EN 15949:2012 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 25.120.20 - Rolling, extruding and drawing equipment; 77.180 - Equipment for the metallurgical industry. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 15949:2012 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Varnost strojev - Varnostne zahteve za valjarne za palice, profilirano jeklo in žicoSicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen an Stab-, Formstahl- und DrahtwalzwerkeSécurité des machines - Exigences techniques de sécurité pour machines de train à barres, train à profilés et train à filSafety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills25.120.20Rolling, extruding and drawing equipment13.110Varnost strojevSafety of machineryICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15949:2012SIST EN 15949:2012en,fr,de01-maj-2012SIST EN 15949:2012SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15949
February 2012 ICS 25.120.20; 77.180 English Version
Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills and wire rod mills
Sécurité des machines - Exigences techniques de sécurité pour machines de train à barre, train à profilés et train à fil Sicherheit von Maschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen an Stab-, Formstahl- und Drahtwalzwerke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 December 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15949:2012: ESIST EN 15949:2012
Safety requirements and/or measures for control systems at
long product rolling mills . 44A.1 General. 44A.2 Special requirements for controls . 44A.3 Special requirements for shut-down equipment . 44A.3.1 Stop functions/emergency stop functions. 44A.3.2 Specific hazards at mechanical equipment . 45A.3.3 Selection of stop functions. 45A.3.4 Emergency stop areas . 45A.3.5 Stop functions for electrical equipment . 46Annex B (normative)
Fluid systems . 48B.1 Significant hazards . 48B.2 Safety requirements and/or measures . 48B.2.1 General. 48B.2.2 General design requirements . 48B.2.3 List of significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures . 49Annex C (normative)
Noise test code . 53C.1 Introduction . 53C.2 Determination of sound power level . 53C.3 Determination of emission sound pressure levels . 54C.3.1 Determination of the emission sound pressure level at specified measuring points . 54C.3.2 Determination of emission sound pressure level at work stations . 54C.4 Measurement uncertainty . 54C.5 Operating conditions . 54C.6 Information to be recorded and reported . 55C.7 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 55Annex D (normative)
Protection of persons in case of using asphyxiant gases used in fire fighting systems . 57D.1 General. 57D.2 Warning devices . 57D.3 Restraint devices . 58D.4 Preliminary warning time . 58D.5 Interrupt device for extinguishing gas . 59D.6 Blocking devices . 59D.7 Pipes . 59D.8 Rooms and adjacent areas . 59D.9 Escape routes . 59D.10 Doors. 59D.11 Marking . 60D.12 Instruction handbook . 60SIST EN 15949:2012
Example for manufacturer's safety instructions for maintenance at long product rolling mills . 61E.1 Precautions to reduce hazards caused by . 61E.1.1 Lack of instructions . 61E.1.2 Visual or audible checks at machinery in motion . 61E.1.3 Unintentional movements during maintenance . 61E.1.4 Work during standstill with safeguards disabled . 62E.1.5 Work with hazardous substances . 62Annex F (informative)
Machines and/or equipment covered by this standard but not limited to. 63F.1 Plants . 63F.2 Equipment . 63Annex G (informative)
Example for modes of operation in relation to segregated areas of long product rolling mills . 65Annex H (informative)
Example for the risk analysis due to interfaces . 66Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 67Bibliography . 68 Figures Figure 1 — Exemplary layout of a rail / section rolling mill . 7Figure 2 — Exemplary layout of a bar / wire rod mill . 8Figure G.1 — Schematic diagram of modes of operation in relation to segregated areas .65Figure H.1 — Diagram of a hypothetical plant indicating potentially hazardous interfaces .66 Tables Table 1 — Characteristic conditions of operating modes .17Table 2 — Main noise sources of long product rolling mills equipment and exemplary noise reduction measures .22Table 3 — Significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures .24Table A.1 — Stop functions .46Table B.1 — List of significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures .49Table C.1 — Example of declared dual-number noise emission values for work stations and specified measuring points .56
Key 1 e.g., continuous casting machine (according to
EN 14753) or furnace (according EN 746-1) 7 saws, shears, abrasive cutting machines 8 piling machine 2 mill stands 9 binding and loading area 3 roller tables 10 preparation area 4 cooling beds 11 border of the rail / section rolling mill 5 straightening machines 6 collecting beds
product flow Figure 1 — Exemplary layout of a rail / section rolling mill SIST EN 15949:2012
Key 1 e.g., continuous casting machine (according to EN 14753) or furnace (according EN 746-1)
8 cooling line
9 laying head 2 roughing mill area 10 loop cooling conveyor 3 intermediate mill area 11 coil station 4 cooling line 12 coil handling 5 shearing group 13 preparation area 6 wire rod block 14 border of the bar / wire rod mill 7 snap shear
product flow Figure 2 — Exemplary layout of a bar / wire rod mill The following equipment is excluded: a) furnaces in accordance with the EN 746 series; b) continuous casting machines according to EN 14753; c) hook conveyors according to EN 619; d) roll and guide shop equipment (e. g., machine-tool); e) storage equipment (e.g., high-bay warehouses); f) cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles. This document is not applicable to rolling mills for long products, which are manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN document. 2 Normative References The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles EN 614-2, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 2: Interactions between the design of machinery and work tasks SIST EN 15949:2012
3.8 trained personnel persons with proven knowledge of systems, background, experience and ability to operate and/or maintain the equipment in the intended use and proper operation of the machinery/equipment 3.9 unauthorized person person not permitted to enter certain areas of the long products rolling mills, or to perform certain actions in relation to the operation and/or maintenance of the equipment, because of not having the required specific knowledge and skill or for not being properly equipped in order to avoid the related hazards 3.10 maintenance service, inspection and repair of machinery and equipment 3.11 inspection and adjusting under load access of authorized personnel to danger zones under defined plant running conditions 3.12 modes of control machinery and equipment used to roll long products (single machines or groups of interconnected parts) typically features three modes of control defined as follows: a) manual mode a function or sequence of functions is controlled by an operator by means of a hold-to-run control or equivalent device (see 3.28 of EN ISO 12100:2010) b) semi-automatic mode mode of operation of the machinery consisting of a series of automatic sequences (summary of functions) into which the whole working cycle is subdivided: at the end of each sequence, started by the operator and then controlled by a programmable electronic system (PES), the operation is automatically stopped, and a new command of the operator is needed to initiate the next sequence c) automatic mode process, e.g., a cycle of successive or parallel sequences, once initiated by the operator, is totally controlled by a PES; repetition of the working cycle of the machinery takes place (as long as the running conditions are met) without any operator intervention required 3.13 modes of operation machinery and equipment used to roll long products (single machines or groups of interconnected parts) typically features different modes of operation, e.g., production, maintenance, adjusting, inspection, immobilization (see Table 1) SIST EN 15949:2012
This standard assumes that: a) installations are operated and maintained by trained personnel; manual intervention for setting, inspection, adjustment and maintenance is accepted as part of the normal use of the equipment; b) machinery is used with adequate workplace lighting conforming to EN 12464-1 or to local regulations. Where the means of reducing the risk is by the physical arrangement or positioning of the installed machines, the manufacturer shall include in the information for use a reference to the reduction means to be provided and to any limiting value of the requirement, and, if appropriate, to the means of verification. Where the means of reducing the risk is by a safe system of working the line, the manufacturer shall include in the information for use details of the system and of the elements of the information required by the operating personnel. SIST EN 15949:2012
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記事のタイトル：EN 15949:2012 - 機械の安全 - バーミル、構造用鋼ミル、ワイヤロッドミルの安全要件 記事の内容：このヨーロッパ標準は、3.1で定義される長尺製品のためのホットローリングミルの一般的な安全要件を定義しています。 このヨーロッパ標準は、長尺製品のホットローリングミルに関連する重大な危険、危険な状況、およびイベントに対応しています。機械が意図どおりに使用される場合だけでなく、製造業者が予測した予測可能な故障、誤動作、誤用などの他の条件も含まれます（4節および5節を参照）。 これはまた、EN ISO 12100:2010の5.4で説明されている機械および装置の寿命のさまざまな段階で発生する危険にも適用されます。 このヨーロッパ標準は次の対象となります：（1）からの材料供給から（2）から（9）までの圧延ミルプロセス装置を含む金属圧延長尺製品の製造に使用される機械および装置（図1に参考となるレイアウトが示されています）。 以下の装置は除外されます： a）EN 746シリーズに準拠する炉; b）EN 14753に準拠する連続鋳造機; c）EN 619に準拠するフックコンベヤ; d）ロールおよびガイドショップの設備（例：機械工具）; e）ストレージ設備（例：高層倉庫）; f）クレーン、フォークリフト、トラック、鉄道トラック、その他の車両。 この文書は、 EN文書として発行される前に製造された長尺製品の圧延ミルには適用されません。
기사 제목: EN 15949:2012 - 기계 안전 - 바 밀마스, 구조용강 밀마스 및 와이어 로드 밀마스에 대한 안전 요구사항 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 3.1에서 정의된 장대 제품을 위한 핫롤링 밀마스에 대한 일반적인 안전 요구사항을 규정합니다. 이 유럽 표준은 장대 제품을 위한 핫롤링 밀마스에 대한 중요한 위험, 위험 상황 및 사건에 대해 다룹니다. 이는 제조업자가 예상하는 것뿐만 아니라 기계가 의도적으로 사용되는 경우 뿐만 아니라 예견 가능한 오류, 장애 또는 오용과 같은 다른 조건도 포함합니다(4절 및 5절 참조). 이는 또한 EN ISO 12100:2010의 5.4에서 설명된 기계 및 장비의 생애주기의 다양한 단계 동안 발생하는 위험에도 적용됩니다. 이 유럽 표준은 다음을 대상으로 합니다: (1)로부터의 재료 공급을 통해 (2)에서 (9)까지의 압연기 공정 장비를 포함한 금속 압연 장대 제품 제조에 사용되는 기계 및 장비(도면 1에 일부 레이아웃이 제공됨). 다음 장비는 제외됩니다: a) EN 746 시리즈에 따른 용광로; b) EN 14753에 따른 연속주조기; c) EN 619에 따른 후크 컨베이어; d) 롤 및 가이드 상점 장비(예: 기계 도구); e) 저장 장비(예: 고층 창고); f) 크레인, 포크 리프트, 트럭 및 철도 트럭 및 기타 차량. 이 문서는 EN 문서로 발행되기 전에 제조된 긴 제품을 위한 압연기에는 적용되지 않습니다.
The article discusses the European Standard EN 15949:2012, which outlines the safety requirements for bar mills, structural steel mills, and wire rod mills. The standard addresses various hazards and dangerous situations that may arise during the operation of these hot rolling mills. It covers both normal operating conditions and potential faults, malfunctions, or misuse. The standard applies to machinery and equipment involved in the manufacturing of metal rolled long products, including the material supply, the rolling mill process, and the preparation area. However, it excludes certain equipment such as furnaces, continuous casting machines, hook conveyors, roll and guide shop equipment, storage equipment, and vehicles like cranes, forklifts, trucks, and railway trucks. It should be noted that this standard is not applicable to rolling mills manufactured before its publication as an EN document.
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