EN ISO 19152:2012

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2013
Geografske informacije - Model domene za zemljiško administracijo (LADM) (ISO
19152:2012)
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO 19152:2012)
Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO 19152:2012)
Information géographique - Modèle d'administration du domaine terrestre (LADM) (ISO
19152:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19152:2012
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19152
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2012
ICS 35.240.70
English Version
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model
(LADM) (ISO 19152:2012)
Information géographique - Modèle du domaine de Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model
l'administration des terres (LADM) (ISO 19152:2012) (LADM) (ISO 19152:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 November 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19152:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 19152:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic
information/Geomatics” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19152:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19152:2012 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19152
First edition
2012-12-01
Geographic information — Land
Administration Domain Model (LADM)
Information géographique — Modèle du domaine de l’administration
des terres (LADM)
Reference number
ISO 19152:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 19152:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Conformance .1
3 Normative references.2
4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations.2
4.1 Terms and definitions .2
4.2 Abbreviations.6
5 Overview of the LADM .7
5.1 Packages and subpackages of the LADM .7
5.2 Basic classes of the LADM.8
5.3 Party Package .9
5.4 Administrative Package.9
5.5 Spatial Unit Package .10
5.6 Surveying and Representation Subpackage .11
6 Content of classes of the LADM and their associations.12
6.1 Introduction.12
6.2 Special classes .12
6.2.1 VersionedObject .12
6.2.2 Fraction.14
6.2.3 Oid.14
6.2.4 LA_Source.15
6.3 Classes of Party Package.16
6.3.1 LA_Party.16
6.3.2 LA_GroupParty .18
6.3.3 LA_PartyMember .18
6.3.4 Code lists for Party Package.18
6.4 Classes of Administrative Package.19
6.4.1 LA_BAUnit.19
6.4.2 LA_RRR .21
6.4.3 LA_Right.22
6.4.4 LA_Restriction .23
6.4.5 LA_Responsibility .23
6.4.6 LA_Mortgage.23
6.4.7 LA_AdministrativeSource.24
6.4.8 LA_RequiredRelationshipBAUnit .24
6.4.9 Code lists for Administrative Package.25
6.5 Classes of Spatial Unit Package .26
6.5.1 LA_SpatialUnit .26
6.5.2 LA_SpatialUnitGroup .27
6.5.3 LA_LegalSpaceBuildingUnit .28
6.5.4 LA_LegalSpaceUtilityNetwork .29
6.5.5 LA_Level.30
6.5.6 LA_RequiredRelationshipSpatialUnit.30
6.5.7 Data types for Spatial Unit Package .31
6.5.8 Code lists for Spatial Unit Package .31
6.6 Classes of Surveying and Representation Subpackage .32
6.6.1 LA_Point.32
6.6.2 LA_SpatialSource.33
ISO 19152:2012(E)
6.6.3 LA_BoundaryFaceString.34
6.6.4 LA_BoundaryFace .35
6.6.5 Data types for Surveying and Representation Subpackage .35
6.6.6 Code lists for Surveying and Representation Subpackage .36
6.7 Associations between classes .38
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite.40
Annex B (normative) 2D and 3D representations of spatial units.48
Annex C (informative) Instance level cases .50
Annex D (informative) Country profiles .71
Annex E (informative) Spatial units and spatial profiles.82
Annex F (informative) Legal profiles .88
Annex G (informative) The LADM and INSPIRE .91
Annex H (informative) The LADM and LPIS.93
Annex I (informative) Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM).99
Annex J (informative) Code lists.101
Annex K (informative) External classes.103
Annex L (informative) Interface classes.108
Annex M (informative) Modelling land administration processes.110
Annex N (informative) History and dynamic aspects .111
Annex O (informative) LADM and other ISO/TC 211 international standards.112
Bibliography .117

iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19152 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
ISO 19152:2012(E)
Introduction
This International Standard defines the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The LADM is a
conceptual model, and not a data product specification (in the sense of ISO 19131).
The purpose of the LADM is not to replace existing systems, but rather to provide a formal language for
describing them, so that their similarities and differences can be better understood. This is a descriptive
standard, not a prescriptive standard.
Land administration is a large field; the focus of this International Standard is on that part of land
administration that is interested in rights, responsibilities and restrictions affecting land (or water), and the
geometrical (geospatial) components thereof. The LADM provides a reference model which will serve two
goals:
⎯ to provide an extensible basis for the development and refinement of efficient and effective land
administration systems, based on a Model Driven Architecture (MDA), and
⎯ to enable involved parties, both within one country and between different countries, to communicate,
based on the shared vocabulary (that is, an ontology), implied by the model.
The second goal is relevant for creating standardized information services in a national or international
context, where land administration domain semantics have to be shared between regions, or countries, in
order to enable necessary translations. Four considerations during the design of the model were that:
⎯ it will cover the common aspects of land administration all over the world;
⎯ it will be based on the conceptual framework of ‘Cadastre 2014’ of the International Federation of
[14]
Surveyors (FIG) ;
⎯ it will be as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice;
⎯ the geospatial aspects follow the ISO/TC 211 conceptual model.
Until now, most countries (or states, or provinces) have developed their own land administration system. One
country operates a deeds registration system, another a title registration system. Some systems are
centralized, and others decentralized. Some systems are based on a general boundaries approach, others on
fixed boundaries. Some systems have a fiscal background, others a legal one. The different implementations
(foundations) of the various land administration systems do not make meaningful communication across
borders easy. However, looking from a distance, one will observe that the different systems are in principle
largely the same: they are all based on the relationships between people and land, linked by (ownership or
use) rights, and are in most countries influenced by developments in Information and Communication
Technology (ICT). Furthermore, the two main functions of every land administration (including cadastre and/or
land registry) are:
⎯ keeping the contents of these relationships up-to-date (based on regulations and related transactions);
and
⎯ providing information from the (national) registers.
Land administration is described as the process of determining, recording and disseminating information
about the relationship between people and land. If ownership is understood as the mechanism through which
rights to land are held, we can also speak about land tenure. A main characteristic of land tenure is that it
reflects a social relationship regarding rights to land, which means that in a certain jurisdiction the relationship
between people and land is recognised as a legally valid one. These recognised rights are in principle eligible
vi © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
for registration, with the purpose being to assign a certain legal meaning to the registered right (e.g. a title).
Therefore, land administration systems are not just 'handling geographic information’, as they represent a
lawfully meaningful relationship amongst people, and between people and land.
As land administration activity on the one hand deals with huge amounts of data, which moreover are of a
dynamic nature, and on the other hand requires a continuous maintenance process, then the role of ICT is of
strategic importance. Without the availability of information systems it will be difficult to guarantee good
performance with respect to meeting changing customer demands. Organizations are now increasingly
confronted with rapid developments in technology, a technology push (the Internet, geospatial databases,
modelling standards, open systems, and GIS), as well with a growing demand for new services, a market pull
(e-governance, sustainable development, electronic conveyance, and the integration of public data and
systems). Modelling is a basic tool, facilitating appropriate system development and reengineering and, in
addition, it forms the basis for meaningful communication between different systems.
Standardization has become a well-known process in the work of land administrations and land registries. In
both paper-based systems and computerized systems, standards are required to identify objects,
transactions, relationships between objects (e.g. parcels, generally referred to as spatial units) and persons
(e.g. citizens, legally referred to as subjects and generally referred to as parties), classification of land use,
land value, map representations of objects, and so on. Computerized systems require further standardization
when topology and the identification of single boundaries are introduced. In existing land administrations and
land registries, standardization is generally limited to the region, or jurisdiction, where the land administration
(including cadastre and/or land registry) is in operation. Open markets, globalization, and effective and
efficient development and maintenance of flexible (generic) systems, require further standardization.
The scope of this International Standard is provided in Clause 1. Conformance in relation to this International
Standard is given in Clause 2, and a conformance test is specified in Annex A. Normative references are
presented in Clause 3 and the used terms, definitions and abbreviations in Clause 4. Clause 5 gives a global
overview of packages. Clause 6 introduces the classes, attributes and associations in detail. Annex B explains
the 2D and 3D representations of spatial units. A comprehensive set of informative examples (using instance
level classes) is available in Annex C.
It must be noted that this is a generic domain model. It is expandable and it is likely that additional attributes,
operators, associations, and perhaps even additional classes, will be needed for a specific region or country;
see the country profiles in Annex D. Specific parts of the LADM are further detailed: the spatial profiles in
Annex E and the legal profiles in Annex F. Some examples of using the LADM in a specific context are: the
INSPIRE cadastral parcels in Annex G, the integration of the LADM with the agricultural Land Parcel
Identification Systems (LPIS) of the European Union in Annex H, and the Social Tenure Domain Model
(STDM) in Annex I. It is possible to use only a subset, or profile, of the LADM for a specific implementation.
Annex J gives an overview of code tables as a basis to describe a flexible enumeration.
The construction of external databases with party data, address data, taxation data, land use data, land cover
data, valuation data, physical utility network data, and archive data, is outside the scope of the LADM.
However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these data sets (if available), see Annex K. Interface
classes are in Annex L. Annex M makes some remarks in relation to process models. History and dynamic
aspects are included in Annex N. Annex O explains the link to other ISO international standards.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19152:2012(E)

Geographic information — Land Administration Domain Model
(LADM)
1 Scope
This International Standard:
⎯ defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related
components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below
the surface of the earth);
⎯ provides an abstract, conceptual model with four packages related to
1) parties (people and organizations);
2) basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights);
3) spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks);
4) spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology);
⎯ provides terminology for land administration, based on various national and international systems, that is
as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared description of
different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;
⎯ provides a basis for national and regional profiles; and
⎯ enables the combining of land administration information from different sources in a coherent manner.
The following is outside the scope of this International Standard:
⎯ interference with (national) land administration laws that may have any legal implications;
⎯ construction of external databases with party data, address data, valuation data, land use data, land
cover data, physical utility network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides
stereotype classes for these data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these
external sources, if available; and
⎯ modelling of land administration processes.
2 Conformance
The LADM consists of three packages and one subpackage, and for each of them a conformance test is
specified in Annex A. Three conformance levels are specified per (sub)package: level 1 (low level), level 2
(medium level), and level 3 (high level). Level 1 tests the basic classes per package and level 2 also includes
the more common classes. Level 3 includes all classes. Any LADM claiming conformance to this International
Standard shall satisfy the requirements of Annex A.
ISO 19152:2012(E)
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4217:2008, Codes for the representation of currencies and funds
ISO 8601:2004, Data elements and interchange formats — Information interchange — Representation of
dates and times
ISO/IEC 13240:2001, Information technology — Document description and processing languages —
Interchange Standard for Multimedia Interactive Documents (ISMID)
ISO 14825:2011, Intelligent transport systems — Geographic Data Files (GDF) — GDF5.0
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic Information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19105:2000, Geographic Information — Conformance and testing
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic Information — Spatial schema
ISO 19108:2002, Geographic Information — Temporal schema
ISO 19111:2007, Geographic Information — Spatial referencing by coordinates
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO 19125-2:2004, Geographic information — Simple feature access — Part 2: SQL option
ISO 19156:2011, Geographic information — Observations and measurements
4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
4.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1.1
administrative source
source (4.1.21) with the administrative description (where applicable) of the parties (4.1.13) involved, the
rights (4.1.20), restrictions (4.1.19) and responsibilities (4.1.18) created and the basic administrative
units (4.1.2) affected
EXAMPLE 1 It is the evidence of a party’s right to a basic administrative unit.
EXAMPLE 2 A document describing a transaction (a deed), or a judgement of the register holder.
4.1.2
basic administrative unit
baunit
administrative entity, subject to registration (by law), or recordation [by informal right (4.1.20), or customary
right, or another social tenure relationship], consisting of zero or more spatial units (4.1.23) against which
(one or more) unique and homogeneous rights [e.g. ownership right or land (4.1.9) use right],
responsibilities (4.1.18) or restrictions (4.1.19) are associated to the whole entity, as included in a land
administration (4.1.10) system
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
NOTE 1 'Unique' means that a right, restriction, or responsibility is held by one or more parties (4.1.13) (e.g. owners or
users) for the whole basic administrative unit. 'Homogeneous' means that a right, restriction or responsibility (e.g.
ownership, use, social tenure, lease, or easement) affects the whole basic administrative unit. For a restriction, zero
parties are a possibility.
NOTE 2 A basic administrative unit may play the role of party, e.g. when the right holder is a basic administrative unit
(and not a person or organization).
NOTE 3 A baunit should get a unique identifier when registered, or recorded.
NOTE 4 A baunit can consist of zero spatial units, when a registry exists, and not a cadastre.
NOTE 5 Restrictions and responsibilities can be associated with their own baunits, each with their own type of spatial
unit.
EXAMPLE A condominium unit comprising two spatial units (e.g. an apartment and a garage), a farm lot comprising
one spatial unit (e.g. parcel of land), a servitude comprising one spatial unit (e.g. the road representing the right-of-way), a
land consolidation area, or a right-of-use unit with several right holders and restricted objects.
4.1.3
boundary
set that represents the limit of an entity
[ISO 19107:2003, 4.4]
NOTE Boundary is most commonly used in the context of geometry, where the set is a collection of points or a
collection of objects that represent those points. In other arenas, the term is used metaphorically to describe the transition
between an entity and the rest of its domain of discourse.
4.1.4
boundary face
face (4.1.7) that is used in the 3-dimensional representation of a boundary (4.1.3) of a spatial unit (4.1.23)
NOTE Boundary faces are used when the implied vertical and unbounded faces of a boundary face string (4.1.5)
are not sufficient to describe 3D spatial units. Boundary faces close volumes in height (e.g. every apartment floor), or in
depth (e.g. an underground parking garage), or in all other directions to form a bounded volume. The volumes represent
legal space (in contrast with physical space).
4.1.5
boundary face string
boundary (4.1.3) forming part of the outside of a spatial unit (4.1.23)
NOTE Boundary face strings are used to represent the boundaries of spatial units by means of line strings in 2D.
This 2D representation is a 2D boundary in a 2D land administration (4.1.10) system. In a 3D land administration system
it represents a series of vertical boundary faces (4.1.4) where an unbounded volume is assumed, surrounded by
boundary faces which intersect the Earth’s surface (such as traditionally depicted in the cadastral map).
4.1.6
building unit
component of building (the legal, recorded or informal space of the physical entity)
NOTE A building unit may be used for different purposes (e.g. living or commercial) or it can be under construction.
EXAMPLE An apartment, a flight of stairs, a threshold, a garage, a parking space or a laundry space.
4.1.7
face
2-dimensional topological primitive
[ISO 19107:2003, 4.38]
NOTE The geometric realization of a face is a surface. The boundary of a face is the set of directed edges within the
same topological complex that are associated to the face via the boundary relations. These can be organized as rings.
ISO 19152:2012(E)
4.1.8
group party
any number of parties (4.1.13), together forming a distinct entity, with each party registered
NOTE A group party may be a party member (4.1.14) of another group party.
EXAMPLE A partnership (with each partner registered as a party), or two tribes (with each tribe registered as a
party).
4.1.9
land
the surface of the Earth, the materials beneath, the air above and all things fixed to the soil
[UN/ECE, 2004]
4.1.10
land administration
process of determining, recording and disseminating information about the relationship between people and
land (4.1.9)
NOTE In many countries, land administration information is determined, recorded and disseminated under the
umbrella of cadastre and land registry. Both institutions can be unified in a single (state) organization.
4.1.11
level
set of spatial units (4.1.23), with a geometric, and/or topological, and/or thematic coherence
EXAMPLE 1 One level of spatial units for an urban cadastre and another for spatial units for a rural cadastre.
EXAMPLE 2 One level of spatial units to define basic administrative units (4.1.2) associated with rights (4.1.20) and
another level of spatial units to define basic administrative units associated with restrictions (4.1.19).
EXAMPLE 3 One level of spatial units to define basic administrative units associated with formal rights, a second level
for spatial units to define basic administrative units associated with informal rights and a third level for spatial units to
define basic administrative units associated with customary rights.
EXAMPLE 4 One level with point (4.1.15) based spatial units, a second level with line based spatial units, and a third
level with polygon based spatial units.
4.1.12
liminal spatial unit
spatial unit (4.1.23) on the threshold between 2D and 3D representations
4.1.13
party
person or organization that plays a role in a rights (4.1.20) transaction
NOTE 1 In order to be registered as a party, not all members need to be identified and registered individually.
NOTE 2 A basic administrative unit (4.1.2) may be a party because it may hold a right of e.g. easement.
EXAMPLE An organization may be: a company, a municipality, the state, a tribe, a farmer cooperation, or a church
community (with each organization represented by a delegate: a director, chief, CEO, etc.).
4.1.14
party member
party (4.1.13) registered and identified as a constituent of a group party (4.1.8)
4.1.15
point
0-dimensional geometric primitive, representing a position
[ISO 19107:2003, 4.61]
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
NOTE 1 A point may be used to define one or more boundary faces (4.1.4) or boundary face strings (4.1.5).
NOTE 2 Points can be observed by, e.g. terrestrial surveying, but also by photo interpretation, image interpretation, or
identification on an existing map.
4.1.16
profile
set of one or more base standards or subsets of base standards, and, where applicable, the identification of
chosen clauses, classes, options and parameters of those base standards, that are necessary for
accomplishing a particular function
[ISO 19106:2004, 4.5]
NOTE 1 A profile valid for a whole country is named a country profile (see Annex D).
NOTE 2 A profile is derived from base standards so that by definition, conformance to a profile is conformance to the
base standards from which it is derived (see Annex A).
4.1.17
required relationship
explicit association between either spatial units (4.1.23), or between basic administrative units (4.1.2)
NOTE 1 Due to legal aspects, history of data, inaccurate geometries or missing geometries, geospatial overlay
techniques may generate invalid, or no relationships between spatial units, which can be introduced by required
relationships.
NOTE 2 Relationships for spatial units may be defined with ISO 19125-2 types.
4.1.18
responsibility
formal or informal obligation to do something
EXAMPLE The responsibility to clean a ditch, to keep a snow-free pavement or to remove icicles from the roof
during winter, or to maintain a monument.
4.1.19
restriction
formal or informal obligation to refrain from doing something
EXAMPLE 1 It is not allowed to build within 200 metres of a fuel station; or, a servitude or mortgage as a restriction to
the ownership right (4.1.20).
EXAMPLE 2 Sequestration can be registered for baunit as a restriction.
4.1.20
right
action, activity or class of actions that a system participant may perform on or using an associated resource
[ISO 19132:2007, 4.38]
NOTE 1 A right may provide a formal or informal entitlement to own or do something.
NOTE 2 This International Standard deals with real rights and personal rights. Real rights are rights over or in respect
of spatial units (4.1.23) (e.g. ownership, or usufruct). Personal rights are rights that parties (4.1.13) have (e.g. fishing
rights, grazing rights, or use rights).
NOTE 3 Rights may be overlapping, or may be in disagreement.
EXAMPLE Ownership right, apartment right, tenancy right, possessions, customary right, Islamic right (e.g. miri or
milk), indigenous right, or informal right.
ISO 19152:2012(E)
4.1.21
source
document providing legal and/or administrative facts on which the land administration (LA) object [right
(4.1.20), restriction (4.1.19), responsibility (4.1.18), basic administrative unit (4.1.2), party (4.1.13), or
spatial unit (4.1.23)] is based
NOTE Any kind of document may be added as a source according to ISO 19115:2003, B.3.2.
4.1.22
spatial source
source (4.1.21) with the spatial representation of one (part of) or more spatial units (4.1.23)
EXAMPLE A field survey sketch, an orthophoto or a satellite image with evidence of the location of boundaries
(collected from the field).
4.1.23
spatial unit
single area (or multiple areas) of land (4.1.9) and/or water, or a single volume (or multiple volumes) of space
NOTE 1 A single area is the norm and multiple areas are the exception.
NOTE 2 Spatial units are structured in a way to support the creation and management of basic administrative
units (4.1.2).
NOTE 3 This International Standard supports either 2-dimensional (2D), 3-dimensional (3D), or mixed (2D and 3D)
representations of spatial units, which may be described in text (“from this tree to that river”), or based on a single point
(4.1.15), or represented as a set of unstructured lines, or as a surface, or as a 3D volume.
NOTE 4 In addition to spatial units represented by a single point, text, or a set of unstructured lines, a spatial unit may
have an area equal to zero for administrative reasons.
4.1.24
spatial unit group
any number of spatial units (4.1.23), considered as an entity
NOTE The spatial units in a spatial unit group are not necessarily continuous.
EXAMPLE Spatial units together forming an administrative zone such as a section, a canton, a municipality, a
department, a province, or a country. Spatial units within a planning area.
4.1.25
utility network
network describing the legal space of the topology of a utility
NOTE 1 A utility network may be attributed with information about its legal, recorded or informal space.
NOTE 2 A utility network can also be modelled as a basic administrative unit (4.1.2).
EXAMPLE The legal space needed to access and to keep in repair a cable or pipeline utility network.
4.2 Abbreviations
baunit basic administrative unit
FIG International Federation of Surveyors
GIS Geographical Information System
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe
6 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19152:2012(E)
LA Land Administration
LADM Land Administration Domain Model
RRR Right, Restriction, Responsibility
STDM Social Tenure Domain Model
UML Unified Modelling Language
5 Overview of the LADM
5.1 Packages and subpackages of the LADM
The LADM, as a product, is a conceptual schema. The LADM is organized into three packages, and one
subpackage. A (sub)package is a group of classes, with a certain degree of cohesion. Each (sub)package has
its own namespace. (Sub)packages facilitate the maintenance of different data sets by different organizations.
The complete model may therefore be implemented through a distributed set of (geo-) information systems,
each supporting data maintenance activities and the provision of elements of the model. The model may also
be implemented by one or more maintenance organizations, operating at national, regional or local level. This
underlines the relevance of the model: different organizations have their own responsibilities in data
maintenance and supply, but may communicate on the basis of standardized administrative and technical
update processes.
An overview of the (sub)packages (with their respective classes) is presented in Figure 1. The three packages
are: (1) Party Package (see 5.3), (2) Administrative Package (see 5.4), and (3) Spatial Unit Package (see 5.5).
The Surveying and Representation Subpackage (see 5.6) is a subpackage of the Spatial Unit Package.
All figures are UML 2.1 diagrams. The LADM classes are prefixed by LA_ to differentiate them from other
classes in the ISO geographic information series of standards.
ISO 19152:2012(E)
«conceptualSchem a»
«conceptualSchem a»
Party
Administrative
+ LA _P arty
+ LA_RRR
+ LA _G roupP arty
+ LA _B A Unit
+ LA _P artyM em ber
+ LA _Right
+ LA _P artyT ype
+ LA _Restriction
+ LA _P artyRoleT ype
+ LA _Responsibility
+ LA _G roupP artyT ype
+ LA _M ortgage
(from LADM classes)
+ LA _A dm inistrativeS ource
+ LA _RequiredRelationshipB A Unit
+ LA _A vailabilityS tatusT ype
+ LA _B A UnitT ype
«conceptualSchem a»
+ LA _A dm inistrativeS ourceT ype
Spatial Unit
+ LA _RightT ype
+ LA _RestrictionT ype
+ LA _S patialUnit
+ LA _ResponsibilityT ype
+ LA _S patialUnitG roup
+ LA _M ortgageT ype
+ LA _LegalS paceB uildingUnit
+ LA _LegalS paceUtilityNetwork
+ LA _Level
(from LADM classes)
+ LA _RequiredRelationshipS patialUnit
+ LA _A reaV alue
+ LA _V olum eV alue
+ LA _Dim ensionT ype
«conceptualSchem a»
+ LA _B uildingUnitT ype
Surveying and Representation
+ LA _S urfaceRelationT ype
+ LA _UtilityNetworkS tatusT ype + LA _P oin
...