EN ISO 19152-1:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19152:2013
Geografske informacije - Model domene za zemljiško administracijo (LADM) - 1.
del: Generični konceptualni način (ISO 19152-1:2024)
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) - Part 1: Generic
Conceptual Model (ISO 19152-1:2024)
Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) (ISO 19152-1:2024)
Information géographique - Modèle du domaine de l'administration des terres (LADM) -
Partie 1: Modèle conceptuel générique (ISO 19152-1:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19152-1:2024
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19152-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19152:2012
English Version
Geographic information - Land Administration Domain
Model (LADM) - Part 1: Generic conceptual model (ISO
19152-1:2024)
Information géographique - Modèle du domaine de Geoinformation - Land Administration Domain Model
l'administration des terres (LADM) - Partie 1: Modèle (LADM) - Teil 1: Grundlagen (ISO 19152-1:2024)
conceptuel générique (ISO 19152-1:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 December 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19152-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19152-1:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19152:2012.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19152-1:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19152-1:2024 without any
modification.
International
Standard
ISO 19152-1
First edition
Geographic information — Land
2024-01
Administration Domain Model
(LADM) —
Part 1:
Generic conceptual model
Information géographique — Modèle du domaine de
l'administration des terres (LADM) —
Partie 1: Modèle conceptuel générique
Reference number
ISO 19152-1:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviated terms .6
4 Conformance requirements and notation . 6
4.1 Conformance .6
4.2 Conformance classes .6
4.3 Notation .6
5 Conceptual basis . 7
5.1 General .7
5.2 Packages and sub-packages of the core LADM .7
5.3 Conceptual Overview .8
5.4 Party Package .8
5.5 Administrative Package .9
5.6 Spatial Unit Package .10
5.7 Generic Conceptual Model Package .11
6 LADM objects .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 General feature model .11
6.3 Classes of generic conceptual model package.11
6.3.1 Versioned object .11
6.3.2 Fraction. 13
6.3.3 Oid . 13
6.3.4 LA_Source . 13
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .15
Annex B (informative) Overview of LADM parts, packages and extended core classes .18
Annex C (informative) Code list .27
Bibliography .28

iii
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287,
Geographic Information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This edition of ISO 19152-1, together with all other parts of the ISO 19152 series, cancels and replaces the
first edition (ISO 19152-2:2012), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— This document defines fundamental terms, basic components and relationships related to land
administration/georegulation objects. A general overview of the model has been presented in its
individual packages, and a more detailed overview of the LA_Source and VersionedObject classes has
been included.
— The terms, although unchanged in principle, have been defined more rigorously (i.e. basic administrative
unit, land, party, right, restriction, responsibility, source, spatial unit), enriched with examples and
notes, and new terms have been introduced, such as "georegulation", "regulation" and "fraction". Updates
in other ISO/TC 211 documents (i.e. definitions, data types) have been reflected, and corresponding
adjustments have been made where necessary.
— With the association relationships between VersionedObject and LA_Source, instances of sources have now
been versioned, in contrast to ISO 19152:2012. Constraints have been introduced for the relationships to
ensure that dates and times in VersionedObject and LA_Source correspond. In addition, VersionedObject
and LA_Source have a second set of optional temporal attributes (beginRealWorldLifespanVersion,
endRealWorldLifespanVersion, and acceptance) representing the corresponding valid times in the real
world. The bi-temporal model with intervals for both system and real-world time is now supported with
the addition of temporal attributes to VersionedObject. The multiplicity of the beginLifespanVersion
attribute has been changed from mandatory [1] to optional [0.1] and the initial value for this attribute
has been set to "realWorldTime". The initial value of availabilityStatus attribute of LA_Source has been
set to "documentAvailable".
iv
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
— Requirements to which a land administration/georegulation system can conform have been formulated.
— Generic definitions for code list values have been provided.
— An overview of all parts in the ISO 19152 series has been provided.
— The bibliography has been revised to include additional references and has been reformatted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19152 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Introduction
To achieve public policy objectives, authorities establish rules for mandating or enabling particular
behaviours or outcomes. Some of these rules use territorial strategies. In the previous edition of this
document, ISO 19152:2012, the term "land administration" was used in the broad sense. In this new edition
of the document, ISO 19152-1:2023, a new term, with a wider meaning is introduced: "georegulation". This is
defined as an activity to delimit and assert control over geographical spaces through regulations.
Through land administration/georegulation, it is possible to create a multitude of geographic spaces serving
multiple functions in the contexts of international law, constitutional law, administrative law, private law and
customary law. Land administration/georegulation can potentially be used, for example, to delegate powers
regionally, to control accessibility to a territory for security or health reasons, to organize the circulation of
people, goods and information, to manage resources or for conservation purposes. These geographic spaces
are juxtaposed or overlap, producing a complex legal spatial configuration.
The purpose of this document is to present the fundamental notions and define the basic components and
relations shared by all objects created by land administration/georegulation.
The first goal of this document is to enable involved parties, both within one country and between different
countries, to communicate, based on the shared vocabulary implied by the model. This document does not
aim to replace existing systems, but rather to provide a formal language (the Unified Modelling Language,
UML) for describing them, so that their similarities and differences can be better understood.
The second goal is to provide an extensible basis for the development and refinement of land administration
systems, based on a Model Driven Architecture (MDA). This document is relevant for creating standardized
information services in a national or international context, where land administration domain semantics
have to be shared between organizations, regions or countries, in order to enable necessary translations.
Four considerations during the design of the model were:
1) it will cover common aspects shared by objects created by land administration/georegulation;
2) it will be based on the conceptual framework of "Cadastre 2014" of the International Federation of
[14]
Surveyors (FIG);
NOTE 1 The principle of legal independence from Cadastre 2014 can be implemented with complete separate
LADM implementations of Cadastre 2014 per layer or with only the spatial unit package of LADM per layer.
3) it will be as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice;
4) the geospatial aspects will follow the ISO/TC 211 conceptual model, i.e. basic types are defined in
ISO 19103, geometric elements are defined in ISO 19107 and the General feature model used in this
document is defined in ISO 19109.
This document defines the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). It allows different types of systems
to be described but in the same notation. Other parts of the ISO 19152 series will address specific areas
of the land administration paradigm, building upon the common core schema defined in this document.
The previous edition of this document, ISO 19152:2012, concentrated on land registration. This subject is
now contained in ISO 19152-2. This document provides the general reference model for all objects of land
administration/georegulation and also provides an overview of all parts. Additional parts are planned to
align with the model defined in this document, addressing the following topics:
1)
— Land registration (ISO 19152-2:— )
2)
— Marine georegulation (ISO 19152-3:— )
3)
— Valuation information (ISO 19152-4:— )
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-2:2023.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 19152-3:2023.
3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-4:2023.

vi
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
4)
— Spatial plan information (ISO 19152-5:— )
This document is backwards compatible to the ISO 19152:2012 version of the LADM. Any country profile
established using the elements defined in accordance with ISO 19152:2012 remains compliant with
this edition of ISO 19152-1, as the main changes do not affect the main structure of the model given in
ISO 19152:2012.
4) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-5:2023.

vii
International Standard ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Geographic information — Land Administration Domain
Model (LADM) —
Part 1:
Generic conceptual model
1 Scope
This document:
— defines a reference Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) covering basic information-related
components of land administration/georegulation;
— provides an abstract, conceptual model with packages related to:
— parties (people and organizations),
— basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities and restrictions (RRRs),
— spatial units,
— a generic conceptual model (sources and versioned object);
— provides terminology for land administration/georegulation, based on various national and international
systems, that is as simple as possible in order to be useful in practice. The terminology allows a shared
description of different formal or informal practices and procedures in various jurisdictions;
— provides a content model independent of encoding, allowing for the support of various encodings;
— provides a basis for national and regional profiles;
— enables the combining of land administration/georegulation information from different sources in a
coherent manner.
The following are outside the scope of this document:
— interference with (national) land administration/georegulation laws with potentially legal implications
due to the possibility of describing different types of systems but in the same notation;
— construction of external databases with party data, address data, land cover data, physical utility
network data, archive data and taxation data. However, the LADM provides stereotype classes for these
data sets to indicate which data set elements the LADM expects from these external sources, if available.
This document provides the concepts and basic structure for standardization in the land administration/
georegulation domain. It defines a general schema that permits regulatory information to be described. It
also allows for the relationship to multiple parties and groups to be expressed together with a referencing
structure so that sourcing of all information systems can be maintained. This document establishes the
common elements and basic schema upon which more detailed schema can be established.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19105, Geographic information — Conformance and testing
ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19109, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
abstract test suite
set of conformance classes that define tests for all requirements of a specification
[SOURCE: ISO 19105:2022, 3.3, modified — Note 1 to entry removed.]
3.1.2
basic administrative unit
BAUnit
administrative entity which can be subject to registration (by law) or recordation (by informal right, or
customary right, or another social tenure relationship), consisting of zero or more spatial units, and against
which one or more unique and homogeneous rights, responsibilities or restrictions are associated, as
included in a land administration system
EXAMPLE 1 Ownership right or land use right are examples of homogeneous rights.
EXAMPLE 2 A condominium unit comprising two spatial units (e.g. an apartment and a garage), a farm lot
comprising one spatial unit (e.g. parcel of land), a servitude comprising one spatial unit (e.g. the road representing the
right-of-way), a land consolidation area, or a right-of-use unit with several right holders and restricted objects.
EXAMPLE 3 A windmill farm on the sea as one spatial unit combined with cable to the land as another spatial unit
together form one BAUnit.
Note 1 to entry: "Unique" means that a right, restriction or responsibility is held by one or more parties (e.g. owners
or users) for the whole basic administrative unit. "Homogeneous" means that a right, restriction or responsibility
(ownership, use, social tenure, lease, or easement) affects the whole basic administrative unit. For a restriction, zero
parties are a possibility.
Note 2 to entry: A BAUnit may be a proxy party where it is used to hold a right on behalf of its associated party. This
is a legal pattern which can be used to register a right (e.g. easement) which is held as an appurtenance to another
BAUnit.
Note 3 to entry: A BAUnit should be assigned a unique identifier when registered or recorded.
Note 4 to entry: A BAUnit can consist of zero spatial units when a registry exists, and not a cadastral (spatial unit) map.
Note 5 to entry: There are countries with a registry without a cadastral map. Access to the registry is based on party
identifier or on BAUnit identifier (optional). Spatial units are not explicitly represented in the land administration
because there is no cadastral map.
Note 6 to entry: Rights, restrictions and responsibilities are collectively referred to as RRRs.
Note 7 to entry: Restrictions and responsibilities can be associated with their own BAUnits, each with their own type
of spatial unit.
ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
3.1.3
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance will be used when only
one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
3.1.4
feature type
class of features having common characteristics
[SOURCE: ISO 19156:2023, 3.9]
3.1.5
fraction
pair of numbers, the top number called the numerator, the bottom number called the denominator,
with a line usually separating the numerator and denominator
EXAMPLE "½" and "¾" are examples of exact fractions.
Note 1 to entry: The value type of the denominator is a positive integer value > 0. The value type of the numerator is a
non-negative integer value ≥ 0, and is less than or equal to the denominator value.
3.1.6
georegulation
activity to delimit and assert control over geographical spaces through regulations
3.1.7
group party
any number of parties, together forming a distinct entity, with each party registered
EXAMPLE A partnership (with each partner registered as a party), or two tribes (with each tribe registered as a
party).
Note 1 to entry: A group party may be a party member of another group party.
3.1.8
land
spatial extent to be covered by rights, restrictions and responsibilities, encompassing the wet and
dry parts of the Earth surface, including all space above and below
Note 1 to entry: Land consists of collection of spatial units.
Note 2 to entry: Land includes water, air or space.
3.1.9
land administration
process of determining, recording and disseminating information about the relationship between people
and land
Note 1 to entry: Some countries' part of land administration is called a cadastre, which is defined by UNECE (1996) as
[13]
a “type of land information system that records land parcels”.
3.1.10
object identifier
Oid
generic object identifier providing support in object identification
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 8824-1:2021.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
3.1.11
party
person or organization that plays a role in any land administration process
EXAMPLE 1 An organization may be a company, a municipality, the state, a tribe, a farmer cooperation, or a church
community (with each organization represented by a delegate: a director, chief, CEO, etc.).
EXAMPLE 2 Person or organization that plays a role in a transaction of rights, responsibilities or restrictions in the
context of a land registry system.
Note 1 to entry: In order to be registered as a party, it not necessary for all members to be identified and registered
individually.
Note 2 to entry: A basic administrative unit may be a party because it may hold a right of easement, for example.
3.1.12
party member
party registered and identified as a constituent of a group party
3.1.13
profile
set of one or more base standards or subsets of base standards, and, where applicable, the identification of
chosen clauses, classes, options and parameters of those base standards, that are necessary for accomplishing
a particular function
Note 1 to entry: A profile valid for a whole country is named a "country profile".
Note 2 to entry: A profile is derived from base standards so that by definition, conformance to a profile is conformance
to the base standards from which it is derived.
Note 3 to entry: The country profile in the context of LADM is a profile as defined above, but where it can be extended
with country-specific elements.
[SOURCE: ISO 19106:2004, 4.5, modified —Notes 1 and 3 to entry have been added.]
3.1.14
register
set of files containing identifiers assigned to items with descriptions of the associated items
[SOURCE: ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.9]
3.1.15
registry
information system on which a register is maintained
[SOURCE: ISO 19135-1:2015, 4.1.13]
3.1.16
regulation
document providing binding legislative rules, that is adopted by an authority
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 3.6]
3.1.17
required relationship
explicit association between either spatial units, or between basic administrative units
Note 1 to entry: Due to legal aspects, history of data, inaccurate geometries or missing geometries, geospatial overlay
techniques can generate invalid, or no relationships between spatial units, which can be introduced by required
relationships.
Note 2 to entry: Relationships for spatial units may be defined with ISO 19107:2019 types.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
3.1.18
responsibility
formal or informal obligation on the land owner to allow or perform an action
EXAMPLE The responsibility to clean a ditch, to keep a snow-free pavement or to remove icicles from the roof
during winter, or to maintain a monument.
Note 1 to entry: "Owner" implies leaseholder, usufruct holder, etc.
3.1.19
restriction
formal or informal obligation on the land owner to refrain from performing an action
EXAMPLE 1 It is not allowed to build within 200 metres of a fuel station; or, a servitude or mortgage as a restriction
to the ownership right.
EXAMPLE 2 Sequestration can be registered for BAUnit as a restriction.
3.1.20
right
formal or informal entitlement to own or perform an action
EXAMPLE Ownership right, apartment right, tenancy right, possessions, customary right, Islamic right (e.g. miri
or milk), Indigenous right, informal right, sovereign rights, rights of innocent passage or rights of transit passage.
Note 1 to entry: A right can provide a formal or informal entitlement to own or do something.
Note 2 to entry: Rights may be overlapping, or may be in disagreement.
3.1.21
source
document providing legal and/or administrative facts on which the land administration object is
based
Note 1 to entry: Any kind of document may be added as a source according to ISO 19115-1:2014.
Note 2 to entry: Land administration object types are all the subclasses of a versioned object, e.g. right, restriction,
responsibility, basic administrative unit, party, or spatial unit.
3.1.22
spatial unit
feature type related to land administration/georegulation with associated spatial and thematic attributes
Note 1 to entry: Spatial units are structured in a way to support the creation and management of basic administrative
units.
Note 2 to entry: This document supports either 2-dimensional (2D), 3-dimensional (3D), or mixed (2D and 3D)
representations of spatial attributes associated to spatial units. In addition, the spatial geometry associated with a
spatial unit may be described in text (“from this tree to that river”).
Note 3 to entry: In addition to spatial units represented by a single point, text, or a set of unstructured lines, a spatial
unit may have an area equal to zero for administrative reasons.
Note 4 to entry: When areas of spatial unit are concerned, rounding to an integer value is an issue. For example,
the case where a spatial unit with 1 square meter has to be split into two equal parts requires rules that have to be
implemented in the system.
3.1.23
spatial unit group
any number of spatial units, considered as an entity
EXAMPLE Spatial units together forming an administrative zone such as a section, a canton, a municipality, a
department, a province, or a country. Spatial units within a planning area.
Note 1 to entry: The spatial units in a spatial unit group are not necessarily continuous.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviated terms
ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System
FIG International Federation of Surveyors
IHO International Hydrographic Organization
LADM Land Administration Domain Model
Oid Object identifier
RRR right, restriction, responsibility
UML Unified Modelling Language
4 Conformance requirements and notation
4.1 Conformance
Conformance to this document consists of alignment with the requirements established in 4.2 and 6.3 in
this document. The Abstract Test Suite given in Annex A describes a methodology for testing conformance
to these requirements. A land administration/georegulation system, as defined in accordance with this
document, shall satisfy the conditions specified in the abstract test suite in Annex A.
4.2 Conformance classes
Six conformance classes are identified in this document. These conformance classes are labelled "1)" - "6)"
throughout the document.
1)  CoreClassConformant
Requirement 1: The description, development and refinement of a land administration/georegulation
system using this document shall be compatible with the classes described in Clause 5 (Party,
Administrative and Spatial Unit Packages), and the classes and attributes described in Clause 6 (LA_Source
and VersionedObject).
2)  TripletStructurePresent
Requirement 2: The three elements LA_Party – LA_RRR and/or LA_AdministrativeSource – LA_BAUnit/
LA_SpatialUnit provide the common pattern for land administration/georegulation and form the basic
structure. A land administration/georegulation system shall be constructed using groupings of LA_
SpatialUnit, LA_BAUnit and/or LA_Party classes.
NOTE In some jurisdictions, deeds registries only record deeds/administrative sources. They do not have
records of RRRs. Also, in some common law jurisdictions, transactions can refer to a survey plan/spatial source (and
not a parcel number/spatial unit). The relationship between the party and the spatial unit is established by a legal
instrument (source).
3) BackwardsCompatible
Requirement 3: Any country profile established using the elements defined in conformance with
ISO 19152:2012 shall remain conformant with this version of the standard.
Requirements of ISO 19103, ISO 19105, ISO 19107 and ISO 19109 therefore remain applicable.
4.3 Notation
The conceptual schema specified in this document is described using the Unified Modelling Language (UML),
following the guidance of ISO 19103.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Several model elements used in this schema are defined in other ISO geographic information standards. By
convention within some ISO/TC 211 standards, names of UML classes, with the exception of basic data type
classes, include a two-letter prefix that identifies the document and the UML package in which the class
is defined. This provides a global unique name for the class. UML classes defined in this document have
the two-letter prefix of LA. Table 1 lists the prefixes as used for some of the other parts of the ISO 19152
series. The same prefix is used for ISO 19152-1 and ISO 19152-2 to support backward compatibility. Table 2
provides the two-letter prefix for externally defined UML classes referenced.
Table 1 — Sources of internally defined UML classes
Prefix Document Part
LA ISO 19152-1 Generic conceptual model
a
LA ISO 19152-2 Land registration
b
MG ISO 19152-3 Marine georegulation
c
VM ISO 19152-4 Valuation information
d
SP ISO 19152-5 Spatial plan information
a
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-2:2023
b
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 19152-3:2023
c
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-4:2023
d
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/CD 19152-5:2023
NOTE An overview of the other parts of the LADM is given in Annex B.
Table 2 — Sources of externally defined UML classes
Prefix Document Part
CI ISO 19115-1 Metadata Part 1: Fundamentals
5 Conceptual basis
5.1 General
The LADM generic model is a high-level model that serves as the root for other more specific land
administration/georegulation specific models expressed in other parts of the ISO 19152 series.
All LADM parts addressing land administration and georegulation (ISO 19152 series) make use of the
generic General feature model as described in ISO 19109. It describes a feature-oriented approach where a
feature may have thematic, temporal, spatial, quality, etc. attributes. The spatial geometries derive directly
from this structure.
5.2 Packages and sub-packages of the core LADM
The LADM is organized as a set of application schemas; see Figure 1. Each application schema has its own
namespace and is organized into a set of packages and sub-packages. A sub-package is a group of classes
with a certain degree of cohesion. Sub-packages facilitate the maintenance of different data sets by
different organizations. The complete model may therefore be implemented through a distributed set of
(geo-) information systems, each supporting data maintenance activities and the provision of elements of
the model. The model may also be implemented by one or more maintenance organizations, operating at
national, regional or local level. This underlines the relevance of the model: different organizations have their
own responsibilities in data maintenance and supply, but may communicate on the basis of standardized
administrative and technical update processes.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Figure 1 — Sub-packages of the core LADM
5.3 Conceptual Overview
This document defines the high-level structure (global view) for the whole topic area of land administration/
georegulation. The core LADM is based on six basic classes, all inheriting from VersionedObject (and
associated to LA_Source):
1) Class LA_Party. Instances of this class are parties.
2) Class LA_RRR. Instances of subclasses of LA_RRR are rights, restrictions or responsibilities.
3) Class LA_BAUnit. Instances of this class are basic administrative units.
4) Class LA_SpatialUnit. Instances of this class are spatial units.
5) Class VersionedObject. This class is an abstract class and instances of subclasses of VersionedObject are
all LADM classes (except LA_Source and its subclasses).
6) Class LA_Source. Instances of this class are sources, i.e. administrative and spatial.
Figure 2 shows the basic classes of the core LADM. An overview of the involved packages will be given in
this document. The details of the LADM classes are described in more detail in each of the other parts of the
ISO 19152 series.
Figure 2 — Basic classes of the core LADM
5.4 Party Package
The main class of the Party Package is the basic class LA_Party (with party as an instance). LA_Party has
a specialization: LA_GroupParty (with group party as an instance). Between LA_Party and LA_GroupParty
there is an optional association class: LA_PartyMember (with party member as an instance). See Figure 3.

ISO 19152-1:2024(en)
Figure 3 — Classes of Party Package
A group party, being a specialization of party, is also a party. This means that the aggregation relationship
between LA_Party and LA_GroupParty in Figure 3 creates group parties with (registered) parties as
constituents. Every party, being a constituent of a group party, may then be registered as a party member of
class LA_PartyMember.
5.5 Administrative Package
The main classes of the Administrative Package are basic classes LA_RRR and LA_BAUnit. See Figure 4.
LA_RRR is an abstract class with three specialization classes:
1) LA_Right, with rights as instances. The type of rights depends upon the domain and will be described in
more detail in each of the other parts of the ISO 19152 series;
2) LA_Restriction, with restrictions as instances. The type of restriction
...