EN ISO 19116:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 19116:2020
SIST EN ISO 19116:2020/A1:2021
Geografske informacije - Lokacijske storitve (ISO 19116:2025)
Geographic information - Positioning services (ISO 19116:2025)
Geoinformationen - Positionierung (ISO 19116:2025)
Information géographique - Services de positionnement (ISO 19116:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19116:2025
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19116
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
April 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19116:2019, EN ISO
19116:2019/A1:2021
English Version
Geographic information - Positioning services (ISO
19116:2025)
Information géographique - Services de Geoinformation - Positionierungsdienste (ISO
positionnement (ISO 19116:2025) 19116:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19116:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19116:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by October 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19116:2019, EN ISO 19116:2019/A1:2021.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19116:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19116:2025 without any modification.

International
Standard
ISO 19116
Third edition
Geographic information —
2025-04
Positioning services
Information géographique — Services de positionnement
Reference number
ISO 19116:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ISO 19116:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19116:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, backwards compatibility, UML notation, and packages . 6
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms .6
4.2 Backwards compatibility .7
4.3 UML notation.7
4.4 Package abbreviations .7
5 Conformance . 7
5.1 Overview .7
5.2 Conformance requirements .8
5.3 Structure of requirements clauses .8
6 Positioning services model . 8
6.1 Overview .8
6.2 Static data structures of a positioning service .9
6.3 Basic and extended information from a positioning service .10
7 Basic information: definition and description .11
7.1 Overview .11
7.2 System information . 12
7.2.1 Overview . 12
7.2.2 PS_System. 13
7.2.3 System capability .14
7.2.4 Positioning technology .14
7.2.5 Referencing method . 15
7.2.6 Instrument identification . 15
7.3 Session information .16
7.3.1 Overview .16
7.3.2 PS_Session .16
7.4 Observation information .17
7.4.1 Overview .17
7.4.2 PS_ObservationMode .18
7.4.3 PS_LinkToReferenceSystem .21
7.4.4 PS_MeasurementType .21
7.4.5 Observation .21
7.4.6 Coordinate transfer (offset) values . 23
7.4.7 Offset vector . 25
7.4.8 PS_OffsetSourceType . 25
7.5 Quality information. 25
7.5.1 Overview . 25
7.5.2 PS_QualityMode .27
7.6 Positioning services operations . 28
7.6.1 Definition of positioning services operations . 28
7.6.2 Requirements for positioning service operations . 29
7.6.3 Applying the positioning services operations .31
8 Reliability of positioning results .31
8.1 Overview .31
8.2 Reliability model .32
9 Technology-specific information .34
9.1 Overview . 34

iii
ISO 19116:2025(en)
9.2 Operating conditions . 34
9.2.1 PS_OperatingConditions . 34
9.2.2 PS_ComputationalConditions . 35
9.2.3 PS_PositionFixMode . 35
9.2.4 PS_PositioningMode . 35
9.2.5 PS_ProcessingMode . 36
9.2.6 Performance indicators . 36
9.2.7 Measurement conditions . 36
9.3 Raw measurement data .37
Annex A (normative) Conformance .38
Annex B (informative) Implementing accuracy reports for positioning services .40
Annex C (informative) Overview of positioning services .44
Annex D (informative) GNSS operating conditions .46
Annex E (informative) Reliability evaluation methods . 51
Annex F (informative) Examples for extending positioning service results .57
Annex G (informative) Use case examples .59
Bibliography .62

iv
ISO 19116:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 287,
Geographic Information, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 19116:2019), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 19116:2019/Amd 1:2021.
The main changes are as follows:
— ISO 19107 has been removed from Clause 2 based on a re-examination of the provisions and UML models
in this edition of the document;
— the document has been harmonized with ISO 19111:2019 (CoordinateMetadata) and ISO 19157-1:2023.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO 19116:2025(en)
Introduction
0.1  Overview
Positioning services are among the processing services identified in ISO 19119. Processing services include
services that are computationally oriented and operate upon the elements from the model domain, rather
than being directly integrated in the model domain itself. This document defines and describes positioning
services.
Positioning services employ a wide variety of technologies that provide position and related information to
a similarly wide variety of applications, as depicted in Figure 1. Although these technologies differ in many
respects, there are important items of information that are common among them and serve the needs of
these application areas, such as the position data, time of observation and its accuracy. There are also items
of information that apply only to specific technologies and are sometimes required in order to make correct
use of the positioning results, such as signal strength, geometry factors and raw measurements. Therefore,
this document includes both general data elements that are applicable to a wide variety of positioning
services and technology-specific elements that are relevant to specific technologies.
Figure 1 — Positioning services overview
Electronic positioning technology can measure the coordinates of a location on or near the Earth with great
speed and accuracy, thereby allowing geographic information systems to be populated with any number
of objects. However, the technologies for position determination have neither a common structure for
expression of position information, nor common structures for expression of accuracy and reliability. The
positioning services interface specified in this document provides data structures and operations that allow
spatially oriented systems to employ positioning technologies with greater efficiency and interoperability.
0.2  Decimal marker
In accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, 2018, Rules for the structure and drafting of International
Standards, in International Standards the decimal sign is a comma on the line. However, the General
Conference on Weights and Measures (Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures) at its meeting in 2003
passed unanimously the following resolution:
“The decimal marker shall be either a point on the line or a comma on the line.”
In practice, the choice between these alternatives depends on customary use in the language concerned. In
the technical areas of geodesy and geographic information it is customary for the decimal point always to be
used, for all languages. That practice is used throughout this document.

vi
International Standard ISO 19116:2025(en)
Geographic information — Positioning services
1 Scope
This document specifies the data structure and content of an interface that permits communication between
position-providing device(s) and position-using device(s) enabling the position-using device(s) to obtain
and unambiguously interpret position information and determine, based on a measure of the degree of
reliability, whether the resulting position information meets the requirements of the intended use.
A standardized interface for positioning allows the integration of reliable position information obtained from
non-specific positioning technologies and is useful in various location-focused information applications,
such as surveying, navigation, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and location-based services (LBS).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19111, Geographic information — Referencing by coordinates
ISO 19115-1, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19157-1, Geographic information — Data quality — Part 1: General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
absolute accuracy
external accuracy
closeness of reported coordinate values to values accepted as or being true
Note 1 to entry: Where the true coordinate value is potentially not perfectly known, accuracy is normally tested by
comparison to available values that can best be accepted as true.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.1 modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been removed and replaced by
a new Note 1 to entry.]
3.2
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
Note 1 to entry: For positioning services, the test result is a measured value or set of values.

ISO 19116:2025(en)
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1, modified — Notes 1, 2 and 3 to entry have been deleted and replaced by a
new Note 1 to entry.]
3.3
attitude
orientation of a body, described by the angles between the axes of that body’s coordinate system and the
axes of an external coordinate system
Note 1 to entry: In positioning services, this is usually the orientation of the user’s platform, such as an aircraft, boat
or automobile.
3.4
coordinate
one of a sequence of numbers designating the position of a point
Note 1 to entry: In a spatial coordinate reference system, the coordinate numbers are qualified by units.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.5]
3.5
coordinate conversion
coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a
target coordinate reference system in which both coordinate reference systems are based on the same datum
Note 1 to entry: A coordinate conversion uses parameters which have specified values.
EXAMPLE 1 A mapping of ellipsoidal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates using a map projection.
EXAMPLE 2 Change of units such as from radians to degrees or from feet to metres.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.6]
3.6
coordinate operation
process using a mathematical model, based on a one-to-one relationship, that changes coordinates in a
source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a target coordinate reference system, or that changes
coordinates at a source coordinate epoch to coordinates at a target coordinate epoch within the same
coordinate reference system
Note 1 to entry: Generalization of coordinate conversion, coordinate transformation and point motion operation.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019/Amd.1:2021, 3.1.8]
3.7
coordinate reference system
coordinate system that is related to an object by a datum
Note 1 to entry: Geodetic and vertical datums are referred to as reference frames.
Note 2 to entry: For geodetic and vertical reference frames, the object will be the Earth. In planetary applications,
geodetic and vertical reference frames may be applied to other celestial bodies.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.9]
3.8
coordinate system
set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be assigned to points
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.11]

ISO 19116:2025(en)
3.9
coordinate transformation
coordinate operation that changes coordinates in a source coordinate reference system to coordinates in a
target coordinate reference system in which the source and target coordinate reference systems are based
on different datums
Note 1 to entry: A coordinate transformation uses parameters which are derived empirically. Any error in those
coordinates will be embedded in the coordinate transformation and when the coordinate transformation is applied
the embedded errors are transmitted to output coordinates.
Note 2 to entry: A coordinate transformation is colloquially sometimes referred to as a "datum transformation". This
is erroneous. A coordinate transformation changes coordinate values. It does not change the definition of the datum.
In this document coordinates are referenced to a coordinate reference system. A coordinate transformation operates
between two coordinate reference systems, not between two datums.
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.12]
3.10
datum
reference frame
parameter or set of parameters that realize the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a
coordinate system
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.15]
3.11
height
distance of a point from a chosen reference surface positive upward along a line perpendicular to that surface
Note 1 to entry: A height below the reference surface will have a negative value.
Note 2 to entry: Generalisation of ellipsoidal height (h) and gravity-related height (H).
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.38]
3.12
inertial positioning system
positioning system employing accelerometers, gyroscopes and computers as integral components to
determine coordinates of points or objects relative to an initial known reference point
3.13
instant
0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time
Note 1 to entry: The geometry of time is discussed in ISO 19108:2002, 5.2.
[SOURCE: ISO 19108:2002, 4.1.17]
3.14
integrated positioning system
positioning system incorporating two or more positioning technologies
Note 1 to entry: The measurements produced by each positioning technology in an integrated system may be of any
position, motion or attitude. There may be redundant measurements. When combined, a unified position, motion, or
attitude is determined.
3.15
linear positioning system
positioning system that measures distance from a reference point along a route (feature)
EXAMPLE An odometer used in conjunction with predefined mile or kilometre origin points along a route and
provides a linear reference to a position.

ISO 19116:2025(en)
3.16
map projection
coordinate conversion from an ellipsoidal coordinate system to a plane
[SOURCE: ISO 19111:2019, 3.1.40]
3.17
measurement precision
precision
closeness of agreement between indications or measured quantity values obtained by replicate
measurements on the same or similar objects under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Measurement precision is usually expressed numerically by measures of imprecision, such as standard
deviation, variance, or coefficient of variation under the specified conditions of measurement.
Note 2 to entry: The "specified conditions" can be, for example, repeatability conditions of measurement, intermediate
precision conditions of measurement, or reproducibility conditions of measurement (see ISO 5725-3).
Note 3 to entry: Measurement precision is used to define measurement repeatability, intermediate measurement
precision, and measurement reproducibility.
Note 4 to entry: Sometimes "measurement precision" is erroneously used to mean measurement accuracy.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.15]
3.18
motion
change in the position of an object over time, represented by change of coordinate values with respect to a
particular reference frame
EXAMPLE This may be motion of the position sensor mounted on a vehicle or other platform or motion of an
object being tracked by a positioning system.
3.19
operating conditions
parameters influencing the determination of coordinate values by a positioning system
Note 1 to entry: Measurements acquired in the field are affected by many instrumental and environmental factors,
including meteorological conditions, computational methods and constraints, imperfect instrument construction,
incomplete instrument adjustment or calibration, and, in the case of optical measuring systems, the personal bias
of the observer. Solutions for positions can be affected by the geometric relationships of the observed data and/or
mathematical model employed in the processing software.
3.20
optical positioning system
positioning system that determines the position of an object by means of the properties of light
EXAMPLE Total station: this is a commonly used term for an integrated optical positioning system incorporating
an electronic theodolite and an electronic distance-measuring instrument into a single unit with an internal
microprocessor for automatic computations.
3.21
performance indicator
internal parameters of positioning systems indicative of the level of performance achieved
Note 1 to entry: Performance indicators can be used as quality-control evidence of the positioning system and/or
positioning solution. Internal quality control may include such factors as signal strength of received radio signals
[signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)], figures indicating the dilution of precision (DOP) due to geometric constraints in
radiolocation systems, and system-specific figure of merit (FOM).

ISO 19116:2025(en)
3.22
positional accuracy
closeness of coordinate value to the true or accepted value in a specified reference system
Note 1 to entry: The phrase “absolute accuracy” is sometimes used for this concept to distinguish it from relative
positional accuracy. Where the true coordinate value is not perfectly known, accuracy is normally tested by
comparison to available values that can best be accepted as true.
3.23
positional reliability
degree to which a positioning service provides agreed or expected absolute accuracy during a defined
instant under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: The wording of the definition has been adapted from ISO/IEC 16350:2015, 4.29 (reliability).
3.24
positioning system
system of instrumental and computational components for determining position
EXAMPLE Inertial, integrated, linear, optical and satellite are examples of positioning systems.
3.25
relative position
position of a point with respect to the positions of other points
Note 1 to entry: The spatial relationship of one point relative to another may be one-, two- or three-dimensional.
3.26
relative accuracy
internal accuracy
closeness of the relative positions of features in a data set to their respective relative positions accepted as
or being true
Note 1 to entry: Closely related terms, such as local accuracy, are employed in various countries, agencies and
application groups. Where such terms are utilized, it is necessary to provide a description of the term.
Note 2 to entry: The wording of this definition is from ISO 19157:2013, 7.3.4, and was later added as a terminology
entry by ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.32. Recently, that wording was revised in ISO 19157-1:2023, 8.3.4. This document,
however, retains the original wording from ISO 19157:2013, 7.3.4.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 19159-2:2016, 4.32 modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed and replaced by a new
Note 1 to entry and a new Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.27
satellite positioning system
positioning system based upon receipt of signals broadcast from satellites
Note 1 to entry: In this context, satellite positioning implies the use of radio signals transmitted from “active” artificial
objects orbiting the Earth and received by “passive” instruments on or near the Earth’s surface to determine position,
velocity, and/or attitude of an object.
EXAMPLE GPS and GLONASS are types of satellite positioning system platforms.
3.28
uncertainty
parameter, associated with the result of measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of values that could
reasonably be attributed to the measurand
Note 1 to entry: When the quality of accuracy or precision of measured values, such as coordinates, is to be
characterized quantitatively, the quality parameter is an estimate of the uncertainty of the measurement results. As
accuracy is a qualitative concept, it should not be used quantitatively, i.e. numbers should not be associated with it.
Instead, numbers should be associated with measures of uncertainty.

ISO 19116:2025(en)
3.29
unit of measure
reference quantity chosen from a unit equivalence group
Note 1 to entry: In positioning services, the usual units of measurement are either angular units or linear units.
Implementations of positioning services shall clearly distinguish between SI units and non-SI units. When non-SI units
are employed, their relation to SI units shall be specified.
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms, backwards compatibility, UML notation, and
packages
4.1 Symbols and abbreviated terms
BDS BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (China)
C/A coarse/acquisition code transmissions of the GPS and GLONASS
CRS coordinate reference system
DGPS differential GPS
DOP dilution of precision
FOM figure of merit
Galileo Galileo GNSS (European Union)
GDOP geometric dilution of precision
GIS geographic information system
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russia)
GNSS global navigation satellite system
GPS Global Positioning System (USA)
HDOP horizontal dilution of precision
Ln signal transmission in a specified portion of the L band of the radio spectrum;
suffix “n” indicates portion of the band for a defined frequency such as GPS L1 or
GLONASS L1
LORAN-C Location and ranging radiolocation system
NADyy North American Datum; suffix “yy” indicates last two digits of year
NavIC Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
NFC near field communication
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association
PDOP positional dilution of precision
PPS precise positioning service of a GNSS
QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (Japan)
RAIM receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

ISO 19116:2025(en)
RINEX Receiver INdependent EXchange format
RMS root mean square
RMSE root mean square error
RSSI received signal strength indicator
SI International System of Units (Système International d’unités)
SNR signal to noise ratio
TDOP time dilution of precision
UML Unified Modeling Language
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
VDOP vertical dilution of precision
4.2 Backwards compatibility
Following ISO/TC 211 guidelines for modular standards development, requirements that were written
directly into the clause paragraphs of earlier editions of this document have been identified and then
reformatted into independent requirements text and formatted as such. Later, as the models have been
updated, these requirements have been rechecked for consistency with the model. Where necessary, the
requirements have been revised or retained as regular text.
4.3 UML notation
In this document, conceptual schemas are presented in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The user shall
refer to ISO 19103 for the specific profile of UML used in this document.
4.4 Package abbreviations
Names of UML classes can begin with a two-letter prefix followed by an underscore to identify the specific
document, and possibly the package, in which they are defined. The prefix “PS_” is used to identify classes
defined in this document.
Package abbreviations for classes defined in other documents and used in this document are shown
in Table 1. However, some documents, such as ISO 19103, ISO 19111 and ISO 19157-1, do not use prefix
abbreviations and are therefore not listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Package abbreviations used in this document
Abbreviation Package Reference document
CI Citation ISO 19115-1
MD Metadata ISO 19115-1
5 Conformance
5.1 Overview
This document defines three categories of conformance:
a) Conceptual model — conformance tests for the conceptual model;
b) Requirements — conformance tests for requirements;

ISO 19116:2025(en)
c) Operations — conformance tests for operations.
Any positioning service implementation or product claiming conformance with this document shall pass all
conformance requirements described in the corresponding abstract test suite defined in Annex A.
5.2 Conformance requirements
Table 2 lists the conformance class URIs for the conceptual model defined in this document.
Table 2 — Conformance classes defined in this document
a
Conformance class URI Standardization target References
/conf/conceptual-model Conceptual model Clause A.2
/conf/requirements Requirements Clause A.3
/conf/operations Operations Clause A.4
a
All conformance class URIs are HTTP URIs, with the prefix https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 2.
5.3 Structure of requirements clauses
Table 3 lists the conformance class URI identifiers for each specific group of requirements by class.
Table 3 — Identifier URIs for the requirements defined in this document
Requirement Identifier
Req. 1 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _system
Req. 2 – Req. 7 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _observationmode
Req. 8 – Req. 9 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _observation
Req. 10 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _offsetvector
Req. 11 – Req. 13 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _qualitymode
Req. 14 – Req. 15 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _positioningservice
Req. 16 – Req. 17 https:// standards .isotc211 .org/ 19116/ -1/ 3/ req/ ps _reliabilitytable
6 Positioning services model
6.1 Overview
Positioning services provide a means to obtain position information regarding a point or object. Data
communication with a positioning service is structured using the following four classes:
a) system information — held in the PS_System class
...