prEN 13001-3-8
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 3-8: Limit states and proof competence of machinery - Shafts
Cranes - General design - Part 3-8: Limit states and proof competence of machinery - Shafts
This document is to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification.
Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European standard for the particular crane type.
This document covers shafts (axles) in cranes that are not dealt with by other EN 13001 standards (e.g. pinned connections in EN 13001-3-1). It is not intended for axles being part of standard components, e.g. gearboxes, motors ... however those axles shall be designed using load actions from EN 13001-2 and classification parameters of EN 13001-1.
NOTE EN 13001-3-7 is under preparation for gears and gearboxes and deals with load actions for axles in gear boxes.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate risks associated with the following hazards:
- exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
- exceeding temperature limits of material or components.
This document is not applicable to cranes which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN and serves as reference base for the European standards for particular crane types (see Annex C).
NOTE prEN 13001-3-8 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-8: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweise für Maschinenbauteile - Wellen
Dieses Dokument ist zusammen mit EN 13001-1 und EN 13001-2 anzuwenden und legt gemeinsam mit ihnen grundlegende Bedingungen, Anforderungen und Verfahren fest, um so anhand der Konstruktion und der theoretischen Überprüfung Gefährdungen für Krane zu verhindern.
Spezifische Anforderungen an bestimmte Kranarten sind in der entsprechenden Europäischen Norm für die jeweilige Kranart angegeben.
Dieses Dokument behandelt Wellen (Achsen) in Kranen, die nicht in den anderen Normen der Reihe EN 13001 behandelt werden (z. B. Steckbolzenverbindungen in EN 13001-3-1). Sie ist nicht für Achsen vorgesehen, die Teil von Standardbauteilen sind, z. B. Getriebe, Motoren, ...; dennoch müssen solche Achsen unter Beachtung der Lasteinwirkungen von EN 13001-2 und der Klassifizierungsparameter von EN 13001-1 konstruiert werden.
ANMERKUNG EN 13001-3-7 ist in Vorbereitung für Getriebe und Getriebegehäuse und behandelt die Lasteinwirkungen auf Achsen in Getriebegehäusen.
Nachfolgend sind signifikante Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignisse aufgelistet, die während der bestimmungsgemäßen Verwendung und der vernünftigerweise vorhersehbaren Fehlanwendung zu Risiken für Personen führen könnten. Die Anwendung der Abschnitte 4 bis 7 des vorliegenden Dokuments ist notwendig, um Risiken in Verbindung mit den folgenden Gefährdungen zu mindern oder zu beseitigen:
- Überschreitung der Festigkeitsgrenzwerte (Fließgrenze, Bruch und Ermüdungsfestigkeit);
- Überschreitung von Temperaturgrenzwerten des Werkstoffs oder der Komponenten.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Krane, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments als Europäische Norm hergestellt wurden und dient als Bezugsbasis für die Europäischen Normen für bestimmte Kranarten (siehe Anhang C).
ANMERKUNG prEN 13001-3-8 behandelt ausschließlich die Methode der Grenzzustände in Übereinstimmung mit EN 13001-1.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-8 : États limites et vérification d’aptitude des mécanismes des éléments de mécanismes - Arbres
Le présent document doit être utilisé conjointement avec l’EN 13001-1 et l’EN 13001-2 et dans ce cadre, elles spécifient les conditions générales, les prescriptions et les méthodes visant à prévenir les dangers mécaniques liés aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue par la conception et par la vérification théorique.
Les prescriptions spécifiques liées à des types particuliers d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue sont données dans la Norme européenne correspondant au type particulier d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue.
Le présent document couvre les arbres (axes) des appareils de levage à charge suspendue qui ne sont pas traités dans les autres normes EN 13001 (par exemple : assemblages articulés de l’EN 13001-3-1). Elle n’est pas destinée aux axes faisant partie de composants standards, tels que les réducteurs ou les moteurs. Néanmoins, ces axes doivent être conçus en appliquant les charges de l’EN 13001-2 et les paramètres de classification de l’EN 13001-1.
NOTE L’EN 13001-3-7 relative aux engrenages et réducteurs est en cours d’élaboration et elle traite des charges concernant les axes de réducteurs.
Ce qui suit est une liste de situations et d’événements dangereux significatifs susceptibles d’entraîner des risques pour les personnes lors d’une utilisation normale et d’une mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisible. Les Articles 4 à 7 du présent document sont nécessaires pour réduire ou éliminer les risques associés à ces phénomènes dangereux :
- dépassement des limites de résistance (élasticité, rupture, fatigue) ;
- dépassement des limites de température du matériau ou des composants.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue fabriqués avant sa date de publication en norme EN, et fait office de référence pour les Normes européennes relatives aux types particuliers d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue (voir Annexe C).
NOTE La norme prEN 13001-3-8 traite uniquement de la méthode des états limites conformément à l’EN 13001-1.
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti mehanizma - 3-8. del: Gredi
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2022
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti mehanizma - 3-8.
del: Gredi
Cranes - General design - Limit states and proof competence of machinery - Part 3-8:
Shafts
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-8: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweise für
Maschinenbauteile - Wellen
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-8 : États
limites et vérification d’aptitude des éléments de mécanismes - Arbres
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13001-3-8
ICS:
21.120.10 Gredi Shafts
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2021
ICS 21.120.10; 53.020.20
English Version
Cranes - General design - Limit states and proof
competence of machinery - Part 3-8: Shafts
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-8:
générale - Partie 3-8 : États limites et vérification Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweise für
d'aptitude des éléments de mécanismes - Arbres Maschinenbauteile - Wellen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13001-3-8:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4 General . 10
4.1 Documentation . 10
4.2 Materials . 10
4.2.1 Grades and qualities for shafts . 10
4.2.2 Impact toughness . 19
4.3 Mechanism components – Shafts . 19
4.3.1 General . 19
4.3.2 Shafts for plain bearings . 19
4.3.3 Welded shafts . 19
5 Proof of competence for shafts . 20
6 Proof of static strength . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Design stresses . 21
6.3 Limit design stresses . 21
6.4 Execution of the proof . 22
6.5 Deflections . 23
7 Proof of fatigue strength . 23
7.1 General . 23
7.2 Stress life approach: S-N method . 25
7.2.1 Design stress . 25
7.2.2 Limit design fatigue stress σ . 36
Rd,f
7.3 Execution of the proof of fatigue strength . 42
7.3.1 Individual proof . 42
7.3.2 Simplified proof . 42
7.3.3 Proof for multiaxial loading . 43
Annex A (informative) Values for the notch factor f . 44
A.1 General . 44
A.2 Examples of notch factors . 45
Annex B (informative) ε-N method: the strain life approach . 55
B.1 Introduction . 55
B.2 Origin of the strain life approach resistance curve . 55
B.3 Determination of the strain life approach resistance curve for a steel grade . 57
B.4 Determination of the resistance curve for a machinery component . 59
B.5 Strain-life approach: ε-N method . 60
B.5.1 General . 60
B.5.2 Determination of strain history . 60
B.5.3 Determination of the design fatigue damage due to the strain history . 63
B.5.4 Determination of the total fatigue damage due to combined normal and/or shear
stresses . 64
B.6 Strain-life approach (ε-N method): proof of fatigue strength of a shaft (example) . 67
B.6.1 Introduction. 67
B.6.2 Proof of fatigue strength . 67
Annex C (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 73
Annex D (informative) List of hazards . 75
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 76
Bibliography . 77
European foreword
This document (prEN 13001-3-8:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
– Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
This European Standard is one part of the EN 13001 series. The other parts are as follows:
— Part 1: General principles and requirements
— Part 2: Load actions
— Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures
— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems
— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Bearings
— Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks
— Part 3-6: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Hydraulic cylinders
— Part 3-7: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery — Gears
1 Scope
This document is intended to be used together with the other generic parts of the EN 13001 series of
standards, see Annex C, and as such, they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to
prevent mechanical hazards of cranes by design and theoretical verification.
Specific requirements for particular types of cranes are given in the appropriate European standard for
the particular crane type.
This document covers specific shafts and rotating or non-rotating axles as an integrated part of cranes,
that are not dealt with by other EN 13001 standards (e.g. pinned connections in EN 13001-3-1). It is not
applicable to shafts or axles being part of standard equipment (e.g. gearboxes, motors).
The significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during
intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse are identified by Annex D. Clauses 4 to 7 of this
document are necessary to reduce or eliminate these risks.
Clauses 4 to 7 of this document are necessary to reduce or eliminate these risks associated with the
following hazards:
— exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
— exceeding temperature limits of material or components.
This standard does not deal with the proofs of strength of welded and cast shafts.
This document is not applicable to cranes that are manufactured before the date of its publication as
EN and serves as reference base for the European standards for particular crane types (see Annex C).
NOTE prEN 13001-3-8:2021 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1:2015.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10025-2:2019, Hot rolled prod
...
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