EN 13445-4:2009

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 4: HerstellungRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 4 : fabricationUnfired pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication23.020.30MHNOHQNHPressure vessels, gas cylindersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13445-4:2009SIST EN 13445-4:2009en,fr,de01-november-2009SIST EN 13445-4:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13445-4:2002/oprA4:2009SIST EN 13445-4:2002/A3:2009SIST EN 13445-4:2002/A2:20071DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13445-4July 2009ICS 23.020.30Supersedes EN 13445-4:2002
English VersionUnfired pressure vessels - Part 4: FabricationRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 4: fabricationUnbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 4: HerstellungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13445-4:2009: ESIST EN 13445-4:2009

Issue 1 (2009-07) 3 8.4.3 Longitudinal weld tensile test.27 8.4.4 Impact test.27 8.4.5 Bend test.27 8.4.6 Macro examination.28 8.4.7 Micro examination.28 8.4.8 Hardness test.28 8.4.9 Retests.28 8.4.10 Test report.29 9 Forming of pressure parts.29 9.1 General.29 9.2 Ratio of deformation.29 9.2.1 Dished circular products.29 9.2.2 Cylinders and cones made by rolling.30 9.2.3 Other product types.31 9.2.4 Tube bends.32 9.2.5 Forming of Segments.32 9.3 Forming procedures.33 9.3.1 Cold forming.33 9.3.2 Hot forming.33 9.4 Heat treatment after forming.36 9.4.1 General.36 9.4.2 Heat treatment of flat products after cold forming.36 9.4.3 Heat treatment of tubular products after cold forming.38 9.4.4 Heat treatment of clad steels after cold forming.38 9.4.5 Heat treatment after hot forming.38 9.4.6 Heat treatment of clad steels after hot forming.39 9.5 Sampling of formed test coupons.39 9.5.1 Cold formed products without heat treatment.39 9.5.2 Hot formed or cold formed products with heat treatment.39 9.6 Tests.40 9.6.1 Base material.40 9.6.2 Butt welds.40 9.6.3 Acceptance criteria for formed test coupons.41 9.6.4 Retests of formed coupons.41 9.7 Visual inspection and control of dimension.41 9.8 Marking.42 9.9 Documentation.42 10 Post weld heat treatment (PWHT).42 10.1 General.42 10.2 Heat treatment conditions.43 10.3 Method of PWHT.45 10.4 PWHT procedure.46 10.5 Mechanical properties after heat treatment.46 10.6 Dissimilar ferritic joints.47 10.7 Special materials.48 11 Repairs.48 11.1 Repairs of surface defects in the parent metal.49 11.2 Repair of weld defects.49 12 Finishing operations.49 Annex A (informative)
Structural tolerances.51 Annex B (informative)
Example of a sub-contractors form.55 Annex Y (informative)
Differences between EN 13445-4:2002 and EN 13445-4:2009.56 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of the EU Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.57 Bibliography.58
Issue 1 (2009-07) 5 1 Scope This document specifies requirements for the manufacture of unfired pressure vessels and their parts, made of steels, including their connections to non-pressure parts. It specifies requirements for material traceability, manufacturing tolerances, welding requirements, production tests, forming requirements, heat treatment, repairs and finishing operations.
2 Normative references This Europe Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this Europe Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 287-1:2004, EN 287-1:2004/A2:2006, Approval testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels. EN 875:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Impact tests — Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination. EN 876:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Longitudinal tensile test on weld metal in fusion welded joints. EN 895:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Transverse tensile test. EN 910:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Bend tests. EN 1043-1:1995, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Hardness testing — Part 1: Hardness test on arc welded joints. EN 1321:1996, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds. EN 1418:1997, Welding personnel — Approval testing of welding operators for fusion welding and resistance weld setters for fully mechanized and automatic welding of metallic materials. EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties. EN 10028-3:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized. EN 10028-4:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified low temperature properties. EN 10216-1:2002, EN 10216-1:2002/A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 1: Non-alloy steel tubes with specified room temperature properties. EN 10216-2:2002+A2:2007, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified elevated temperature properties. SIST EN 13445-4:2009

Issue 1 (2009-07) 7 EN ISO 15612:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification by adoption of a standard welding procedure (ISO 15612:2004). EN ISO 15613:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based on pre-production welding test (ISO 15613:2004). EN ISO 15614-1:2004, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys (ISO 15614-1:2004). 3 Requirements for manufacturing and subcontracting 3.1 Manufacturing The general responsibilities of the pressure vessel manufacturer are stated in EN 13445-1:2009. Additionally to those requirements, the manufacturer shall ensure that: a) the organisation for the control of manufacturing operations which includes special processes such as welding, forming and heat treatment shall be clearly defined by the manufacturer; b) the manufacturing procedures such as welding, forming and heat treatment are adequate for the purpose and the pressure vessel meets the requirements of this standard. Where specific requirements are associated with materials these shall be taken into account, e.g. EAMs;
c) the manufacturing equipment is adequate for fabrication; d) the staff is adequate for the assigned tasks; NOTE As far as welding co-ordination is concerned, the qualifications, tasks and responsibilities can be defined by the manufacturer in accordance with EN ISO 14731:2007 [1] in the job assignment. e) the quality requirements for welding defined in EN ISO 3834-3:2005 are met as a minimum. 3.2 Subcontracting The manufacturer may subcontract work, but shall ensure that the subcontractor carries out the work in accordance with the requirements of this European Standard. The manufacturer is responsible for the adequate definition of the subcontracted task and the need for any associated records. On all occasions that the subcontractor work includes a) welding; b) forming including associated heat treatment; c) post weld heat treatment; d) non-destructive testing of welds (see EN 13445-5:2009), the manufacturer shall obtain a subcontractor form (see Annex B). Where welding operations are subcontracted, the manufacturer shall also either obtain copies of the welding procedure and welding operator qualification records or take other action to ensure that they comply with this standard. SIST EN 13445-4:2009

4 Materials 4.1 General Materials for pressure vessels and the grouping of materials for pressure vessels shall be in accordance with EN 13445-2:2009. The grouping applies regardless of product form, i.e. plate, forging, piping. 4.2 Material traceability 4.2.1 General The vessel manufacturer shall have and maintain an identification system for materials used in fabrication, so that all material subject to stress due to pressure and those welded thereto in the completed work can be traced to its origin. This includes the use of welding consumables. 4.2.2 Identification system 4.2.2.1 The vessel manufacturer's identification system shall assure that all materials to be used in the vessel have been subjected to and satisfactorily passed the following: a) examination of material before fabrication for the purpose of detecting, as far as possible, imperfections which would affect the safety of the work; b) check of material to determine that it has the required thickness; c) check of the material to assure that the materials are permitted by this European Standard, fully traceable to the correct material certification and as specified in the design documentation; d) check of the welding consumables to assure the correct markings and that correct conditions are maintained to prevent deterioration. 4.2.2.2 Material traceability to the original identification markings shall be by one or more of the following methods: a) accurate transfer of the original identification markings to a location where the markings will be visible on the completed vessel; b) identification by a coded marking traceable to the original required marking; SIST EN 13445-4:2009

Issue 1 (2009-07) 9 c) recording the identification markings using material lists or as built sketches which assure identification of each piece of material during fabrication and subsequent identification in the completed vessel; d) the batch numbers of welding consumables shall be recorded. 4.2.3 Visibility Materials which cannot be stamped or which will not be visible after the vessel is completed or for small multiple parts or non pressure parts the manufacturer may operate a documented system which ensures material trace-ability for all materials in the completed vessel. 4.2.4 Review of material certification and material identification All material certification shall be reviewed upon receipt. The review shall cover the completeness and adequacy of the reports against the following: a) mechanical and chemical properties required to be reported by the material specification; b) assuring that the reported results meet the requirements of the specification; c) all markings required by the material specification are satisfied and that there is traceability between the actual markings and those recorded on the material certification. All materials certification shall be made readily available throughout manufacture. 4.2.5 Transfer of markings In case the original identification markings are unavoidably cut out or the material is divided into two or more pieces the markings shall be accurately transferred by the manufacturer's nominated personnel prior to cutting. The actual material marking shall be by methods which are not harmful to the material in subsequent use/operation. The transfer of markings shall take place before partitioning of the product and after verification of the marks present with the corresponding certification. 5 Manufacturing tolerances 5.1 Surface geometry of welds The surface geometry of welded butt and fillet joints shall meet the requirements of EN 13445-5:2009 unless the drawing specifies more stringent requirements. 5.2 Middle line alignment The misalignment tolerances of middle lines shall be as specified in Tables 5.2-1, 5.2-2, 5.2-3 and Figure 5.2-1.
a) Middle line alignment d1 at equal thickness e1 = e2b) Middle line alignment d1 at different thickness e1 ≤ e2Figure 5.2-1 — Middle line alignment d1 For longitudinal welds in cylinders, cones and rectangular/prismatic structures the middle lines of adjacent components (whether of equal or different thickness) shall be aligned within the tolerances specified in Table 5.2-1.
Table 5.2-1 — Offset of middle lines for longitudinal welds in cylinders, cones and rectangular/prismatic structures Dimensions in millimetresThinner part thickness e1 Maximum misalignment d1
e1 ≤
2 0,5
2 < e1 ≤
4 e1/4
4 < e1 ≤ 10 1
10 < e1 ≤ 30 e1/10
30 < e1 ≤ 60 e1/30 + 2
60 < e1 4
For longitudinal welds in dished ends and welds in spherical components the middle lines of adjacent parts (whether of equal or different thickness) shall be aligned within the tolerances specified in Table 5.2-2.
Table 5.2-2 — Offset of middle lines for longitudinal welds in dished ends and in spherical components of adjacent parts Dimensions in millimetresThinner part thickness e1 Maximum misalignment d1
e1 ≤
2 0,5
2 < e1 ≤
4 e1/4
4 < e1 ≤
10 1
10 < e1 ≤
30 e1/10
30 < e1 ≤ 120 e1/30 + 2
120 < e1 6
For circumferential welds the middle lines of adjacent parts (whether of equal or different thickness) shall be aligned within the tolerances specified in Table 5.2-3.
Issue 1 (2009-07) 11 Table 5.2-3 — Offset of middle lines of circumferential welds of adjacent parts Dimensions in millimetresThinner part thickness e1 Maximum misalignment d1
e1 ≤
30 e1/10 + 1
30 < e1 ≤ 150 e1/30 + 3
150 < e1 8
5.3 Surface alignment 5.3.1 Surface misalignment between parts Where there is misalignment at the surface between parts of the same nominal thickness the transition across the weld shall be smooth and gradual with a slope of 1 in 4 over the width of the weld. If this taper cannot be accommodated within the weld width it is permissible to either: a) grind the higher plate surface, where this will not reduce the joint thickness at any point below the nominal specified plate thickness minus the plate thickness tolerance; b) build up the lower plate surface with added weld metal 5.3.2 Joining of parts of different thickness Where different thickness are being joined a taper shall be produced in accordance with EN 13445-3:2009 by either: a) taper the thicker plate in accordance with the design drawing and then applying the requirements above for the same nominal thickness parts; or b) obtain the required slope across the width of the welds, or by a combination of weld build up on the lower surface with added weld metal and thereafter obtain the required slope across the weld
width. 5.4 Tolerances for vessels subjected to internal pressure 5.4.1 External diameter For cylindrical and spherical pressure vessels the mean external diameter derived from the circumference shall not deviate by more than 1,5 % from the specified external diameter. For rectangular vessels and/or prismatic structures each external dimension shall not deviate by more than 1,5 % from the specified external dimension. 5.4.2 Out of roundness Out of roundness (O) shall be calculated in accordance with the following equation (5.4-1): 100)(2[%]minmaxminmax⋅+−⋅=DDDDO (5.4-1) It shall not exceed the following values: a) 1,5 % for the ratio of e/D < 0,01; SIST EN 13445-4:2009

When irregularity in the profile occurs at the welded joint and is associated with "flats" adjacent to the weld, the irregularity in profile or (peaking) shall not exceed the values given in Tables 5.4-1 and 5.4-2. Measurement for peaking shall be made by means of a 20° profile gauge (or template), see Figure 5.4-1, or other types of gauge such as a bridge gauges or needle gauges. For outwards peaking two readings shall be taken, P1 and P2 on each side of the joint, at any particular location, the maximum peaking is determent using equation (5.4-2) ).(25,021PPP+= (5.4-2) The inwards peaking P shall be measured. The inside radius of the gauge shall be equal to the nominal outside radius of the vessel. SIST EN 13445-4:2009

Issue 1 (2009-07) 13
a) sufficient cut-out to adequately keep clear off the weld reinforcement
b) For outwards peaking two readings P1 and P2 shall be taken
c) For inwards peaking P shall be measured Figure 5.4-1 — Gauge details, measurement of peaking Measurements shall be taken at approximately 250 mm intervals on longitudinal seams to determine the location with the maximum peaking value. The maximum peaking value for dynamic and cyclic loads shall be in accordance with Table 5.4-1 and for static loads in accordance with Table 5.4-2.
e ≤ 3 1,5
3 ≤ e < 6 2,5
6 ≤ e < 9 3,0
9 ≤ e the lesser of e/3, or 10 mm
For cyclic loaded pressure vessels see also EN 13445-3:2009 and EN 13445-5:2009, Annex G in respect of peaking requirements. Peaking values in excess of the above are only permitted when supported by special analysis but in any case must not exceed the values in Table 5.4-2. Table 5.4-2 — Maximum permitted peaking P at longitudinal welds for vessels
subject to predominantly non cyclic loads Dimensions in millimetresVessel ratio wall thickness e to diameter D Maximum permitted peaking P e/D ≤ 0,025
5 e/D > 0,025 10
See also EN 13445-5:2009 for testing group 4 vessels for additional limits on peaking. 5.4.5 Local thinning 5.4.5.1 Local areas of thickness below the values (e+c) where e is the required thickness and c is the corrosion allowance shall be permissible without further calculation provided all of the following conditions are fulfilled: a) the wall thickness difference does not exceed the smaller of the two values 0,05 e or 5 mm; b) the area of the thickness below the minimum design thickness shall be inscribed by a circle the diameter of which shall not exceed the smaller of the two values e or 60 mm; c) the distance between two areas from edge to edge of wall thickness below the minimum design thickness shall be at least the width
eD⋅
where
D
is equal to the external diameter of the pressure part;
e
is the required thickness of the plate; d) the total area of thickness below the minimum design thickness shall not exceed 2 % of the total surface; e) the area is not in the knuckle region of a dished end. SIST EN 13445-4:2009

Issue 1 (2009-07) 15 5.4.5.2 Furthermore, local areas of wall thickness smaller than the minimum design wall thickness shall be permissible provided: a) the diameter of a circumscribed circle of the area with a wall thickness below the minimum design wall thickness has no larger dimension than that of a calculated permissible unreinforced opening according to EN 13445-3:2009 with a maximum of 200 mm; b) the residual wall thickness is greater than the thickness of a flat end of the same diameter and calculated with a C-factor of 0,35; c) the areas of reduced wall thickness are recorded. 5.4.6 Dished ends Dished ends (see Figure 5.4-2) shall be aligned with the tolerances specified in Table 5.4-3 except that the crown radius shall not be greater than that specified in the design and the knuckle radius shall not be less than the values specified in the design. αiαoneHh1De Symbol Quantity Unit
De Outside diameter mm
H Inner high mm
h1 Straight flange mm
ena Nominal wall thickness mm
αi Deviation of straight flange from cylindrical shape inner side angle degree
αo Deviation of straight flange from cylindrical shape outer side angle degree
C Circumference mm
O Out of roundness 100)(2minmaxminmax⋅+−⋅=DDDDO % a In place of the nominal wall thickness en, dished ends can be ordered with minimum wall thickness: emin = en - =δe.
For en and δe refer to EN 13445-3:2009, 5.2.3 ===
Figure 5.4-2 — Tolerances for dished ends SIST EN 13445-4:2009

300 mm < De ≤ 1 000 mm ± 0,4 % 1 000 mm < De ± 0,3 % Austenitic materials:
De > 300 mm + 0,5 % / - 0,7 % Clad materials:
C De > 300 mm ± 1 % O all ≤ 1 % H all the greater of + 0,015 · De or + 10 mm
en ≤ 10 mm
- 0,3 mm
10 mm < en ≤ 30 mm - 0,5 mm
30 mm < en ≤ 50 mm - 0,8 mm en
en > 50 mm - 1,0 mm If minimum wall thickness emin for the dished end is specified no negative tolerance (δe) in thickness is permissible. αi αο=all ≤ 2° ≤ 5° In case of dished ends where the outer side angle is influenced by an upsetting due to the forming process the deviation of the straight flange from the cylindrical shape shall be measured only on the inside of the dished end. If not otherwise specified in the drawing the length of the straight flange h1 shall be as following: The length of the straight flange need, however, not be more than: Wall thickness en or emin mm Length of the straight flange mm
50 < en ≤
80 120
80 < en ≤ 100 100
100 < en ≤ 120
75 h1 all h1 = 3 · en or h1 = 3 · emin
120 < en
50 SIST EN 13445-4:2009
Issue 1 (2009-07) 17 5.5 Tolerances for vessels subjected to external pressure Tolerances shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3:2009, but in no case shall they exceed the tolerances specified in 5.4. 5.6 Structural tolerances Structural tolerances, other than those specified in 5.4 and 5.5 should not exceed the values recommended in Annex A. 6 Weld details 6.1 General The manufacturer in selecting an appropriate weld detail should give consideration to: a) the method of manufacture; b) the service conditions (e.g. corrosion); c) the ability to carry out the necessary non-destructive testing required in accordance with EN 13445-5:2009; d) the design requirements given in 5.7 and in Annex A of EN 13445-3:2009 for welds. Other weld details may be used.
NOTE 1 Annex A of EN 13345-3:2009 gives figures of the joints in finished condition, design requirements mainly on geometry, a list of applicable testing groups, recommendations for prevention of lamellar tearing and corrosion. NOTE 2 Basic weld details are given in EN 1708-1 [5]. These details show sound and commonly accepted practice. It is not intended that these are considered mandatory or
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