EN ISO 22017:2020
(Main)Water quality - Guidance for rapid radioactivity measurements in nuclear or radiological emergency situation (ISO 22017:2020)
Water quality - Guidance for rapid radioactivity measurements in nuclear or radiological emergency situation (ISO 22017:2020)
This document provides guidelines for testing laboratories wanting to use rapid test methods on water samples that may be contaminated following a nuclear or radiological emergency incident. In an emergency situation, consideration should be given to:
— taking into account the specific context for the tests to be performed, e.g. a potentially high level of contamination;
— using or adjusting, when possible, radioactivity test methods implemented during routine situations to obtain a result rapidly or, for tests not performed routinely, applying specific rapid test methods previously validated by the laboratory, e.g. for 89Sr determination;
— preparing the test laboratory to measure a large number of potentially contaminated samples.
The aim of this document is to ensure decision makers have reliable results needed to take actions quickly and minimize the radiation dose to the public.
Measurements are performed in order to minimize the risk to the public by checking the quality of water supplies. For emergency situations, test results are often compared to operational intervention levels.
NOTE Operational intervention levels (OILs) are derived from IAEA Safety Standards[8] or national authorities[9].
A key element of rapid analysis can be the use of routine methods but with a reduced turnaround time. The goal of these rapid measurements is often to check for unusual radioactivity levels in the test sample, to identify the radionuclides present and their activity concentration levels and to establish compliance of the water with intervention levels[10][11][12]. It should be noted that in such circumstances, validation parameters evaluated for routine use (e.g. reproducibility, precision, etc.) may not be applicable to the modified rapid method. However, due to the circumstances arising after an emergency, the modified method may still be fit-for-purpose although uncertainties associated with the test results need to be evaluated and may increase from routine analyses.
The first steps of the analytical approach are usually screening methods based on gross alpha and gross beta test methods (adaptation of ISO 10704 and ISO 11704) and gamma spectrometry (adaptation of ISO 20042, ISO 10703 and ISO 19581). Then, if required[13], test method standards for specific radionuclides (see Clause 2) are adapted and applied (for example, 90Sr measurement according to ISO 13160) as proposed in Annex A.
This document refers to published ISO documents. When appropriate, this document also refers to national standards or other publicly available documents.
Screening techniques that can be carried out directly in the field are not part of this document.
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Schnellverfahren zur Radioaktivitätsmessung in nuklearen oder radiologischen Notfallsituationen (ISO 22017:2020)
Dieses Dokument enthält Leitlinien für Prüflaboratorien, die Schnellprüfverfahren bei Wasserproben, die infolge einer nuklearen oder radiologischen Notfallsituation möglicherweise kontaminiert sind, anwenden möchten. In einer Notfallsituation sollte bedacht werden, dass
- die spezifischen Rahmenbedingungen der durchzuführenden Prüfungen berücksichtigt werden, z. B. ein potentiell hoher Kontaminationsgrad,
- die in Routinesituationen angewendeten Prüfverfahren zur Radioaktivitätsmessung nach Möglichkeit angewendet oder angepasst werden, um schnell ein Ergebnis zu erhalten, oder – bei nicht routinemäßig durchgeführten Prüfungen – spezielle Schnellprüfverfahren angewendet werden, die zuvor vom Laboratorium validiert wurden (z. B. für die Bestimmung von 89Sr),
- das Prüflaboratorium darauf vorbereitet wird, eine große Anzahl an potentiell kontaminierten Proben zu messen.
Ziel dieses Dokuments ist es, sicherzustellen, dass den Entscheidungsträgern die erforderlichen zuverlässigen Ergebnisse zur Verfügung stehen, um rasch Maßnahmen zu ergreifen und die Strahlendosis für die Bevölkerung zu minimieren.
Um das Risiko für die Bevölkerung möglichst gering zu halten, wird die Qualität der Wasserversorgung durch Messungen überprüft. In Notfallsituationen werden Prüfergebnisse oft mit abgeleiteten Richtwerten verglichen.
ANMERKUNG Die abgeleiteten Richtwerte (OILs, en: operational intervention levels) stammen aus den Sicherheitsstandards der Internationalen Atomenergie-Organisation IAEO [8] oder von nationalen Behörden [9].
Ein Schlüsselelement einer raschen Analyse kann die Verwendung von routinemäßigen Verfahren mit verkürzter Durchführungszeit sein. Diese Schnellmessungen dienen häufig dazu, ungewöhnlich hohe radioaktive Belastungen in der Probe festzustellen, die vorhandenen Radionuklide und ihre Aktivitätskonzentrationen zu bestimmen sowie zu ermitteln, ob das Wasser den Eingreifrichtwerten entspricht [10], [11], [12]. Es sollte beachtet werden, dass unter diesen Umständen die für Routineanwendungen evaluierten Validierungsparameter (z. B. Vergleichpräzision, Präzision usw.) möglicherweise nicht auf das modifizierte Schnellverfahren anwendbar sind. Aufgrund der nach einem Notfall auftretenden Umstände kann das modifizierte Verfahren jedoch nach wie vor seinen Zweck erfüllen, wenngleich die mit den Prüfergebnissen verbundenen Unsicherheiten beurteilt werden müssen und gegenüber Routineanalysen zunehmen können.
Die ersten Schritte des analytischen Ansatzes sind üblicherweise Screening Verfahren, die auf Gesamt-Alpha und Gesamt-Beta-Verfahren (Anpassung von ISO 10704 und ISO 11704) und Gammaspektrometrie (Anpassung von ISO 20042, ISO 10703 und ISO 19581) beruhen. Anschließend werden bei Bedarf [13] die Normen mit Prüfverfahren für spezifische Radionuklide (siehe Abschnitt 2) angepasst und angewendet (z. B. Messung von 90Sr nach ISO 13160), wie in Anhang A vorgeschlagen.
Dieses Dokument verweist auf veröffentlichte ISO Dokumente. An entsprechender Stelle verweist dieses Dokument auch auf nationale Normen oder andere öffentlich zugängliche Dokumente.
Screening-Techniken, die direkt vor Ort durchgeführt werden können, werden in diesem Dokument nicht behandelt.
Qualité de l'eau - Recommandations pour les mesurages rapides de la radioactivité en situation d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique (ISO 22017:2020)
Le présent document fournit des lignes directrices pour les laboratoires d'essai désireux d'utiliser des méthodes d'essai rapides sur des échantillons d'eau susceptibles d'être contaminés suite à une situation d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique. Dans une situation d'urgence, il convient :
— de prendre en compte le contexte spécifique des essais à effectuer, par exemple un niveau de contamination potentiellement élevé ;
— d'utiliser ou d'ajuster, lorsque cela est possible, les méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la radioactivité mises en œuvre dans des situations de routine pour obtenir rapidement un résultat ou, pour les essais non effectués dans des situations de routine, d'appliquer des méthodes d'essai rapides spécifiques préalablement validées par le laboratoire, par exemple pour la détermination de l'activité volumique de 89Sr ;
— de préparer le laboratoire d'essai à mesurer un grand nombre d'échantillons potentiellement contaminés.
Le présent document a pour objectif de s'assurer que les décideurs disposent de résultats fiables pour prendre des mesures rapidement et pour réduire au minimum la dose pour le public.
Les mesurages sont effectués lors du contrôle de la qualité de l'eau des ressources d'eau afin de réduire au minimum le risque pour le public. Pour les situations d'urgence, les résultats d'essai sont souvent comparés aux niveaux opérationnels d'intervention.
NOTE Les niveaux opérationnels d'intervention (NOI) proviennent des normes de sureté l'AIEA[8] ou des autorités nationales[9].
Un élément clé d'analyse rapide peut consister à utiliser les méthodes de routine mais dans un délai plus court. L'objectif de ces mesurages rapides est souvent de contrôler des niveaux de radioactivité inhabituels dans l'échantillon pour essai, d'identifier les radionucléides présents et leurs activités volumiques ainsi que d'établir la conformité de l'eau avec les niveaux d'intervention[10][11][12]. Il convient de noter que dans ces cas, les paramètres de validation évalués pour l'usage en routine (par exemple, reproductibilité, fidélité, etc.) ne sont pas nécessairement applicables à la méthode rapide modifiée. Cependant, en raison des conséquences découlant d'une situation d'urgence, la méthode modifiée peut rester adaptée à l'usage prévu, bien que les incertitudes associées aux résultats d'essai doivent être évaluées et puissent augmenter par rapport aux analyses de routine.
Les premières étapes de la méthode d'analyse reposent généralement sur les méthodes d'essai des activités volumiques alpha globale et bêta globale considérées comme des méthodes de dépistage (adaptation de l'ISO 10704 et de l'ISO 11704) et sur la spectrométrie gamma (adaptation de l'ISO 20042, de l'ISO 10703 et de l'ISO 19581). Puis, si nécessaire[13], les normes sur les méthodes d'essai relatives à des radionucléides spécifiques (voir l'Article 2) sont adaptées et appliquées (par exemple, mesurage du 90Sr conformément à l'ISO 13160) comme cela est proposé à l'Annexe A.
Le présent document fait référence à des documents ISO publiés. Le cas échéant, le présent document fait également référence à des normes nationales ou à d'autres documents publics disponibles.
Les méthodes de dépistage qui peuvent être appliquées directement sur site ne font pas partie du présent document.
Kakovost vode - Navodilo za hitre meritve radioaktivnosti v nujnih primerih (ISO 22017:2020)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2021
Kakovost vode - Navodilo za hitre meritve radioaktivnosti v nujnih primerih (ISO
22017:2020)
Water quality - Guidance for rapid radioactivity measurements in nuclear or radiological
emergency situation (ISO 22017:2020)
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Schnellverfahren zur Radioaktivitätsmessung in
nuklearen oder radiologischen Notfallsituationen (ISO 22017:2020)
Qualité de l'eau - Recommandations pour les mesurages rapides de la radioactivité en
situation d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique (ISO 22017:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22017:2020
ICS:
13.060.60 Preiskava fizikalnih lastnosti Examination of physical
vode properties of water
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 22017
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.060.60; 13.280; 17.240
English Version
Water quality - Guidance for rapid radioactivity
measurements in nuclear or radiological emergency
situation (ISO 22017:2020)
Qualité de l'eau - Recommandations pour les Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung für Schnellverfahren
mesurages rapides de la radioactivité en situation zur Radioaktivitätsmessung in nuklearen oder
d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique (ISO 22017:2020) radiologischen Notfallsituationen (ISO 22017:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 August 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22017:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22017:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 "Water
quality" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22017:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22017:2020 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22017
First edition
2020-08
Water quality — Guidance for rapid
radioactivity measurements in
nuclear or radiological emergency
situation
Qualité de l'eau — Recommandations pour les mesurages rapides de
la radioactivité en situation d'urgence nucléaire ou radiologique
Reference number
ISO 22017:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 22017:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22017:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Guidance on emergency measurement . 4
4.1 Objective of a specific rapid measurement . 4
4.2 Routine screening levels versus intervention levels . 4
4.3 Operational intervention levels (OILs) from EU, USA and IAEA. 5
5 Rapid measurements . 5
5.1 Adaptation of the methods used . 5
5.2 Sampling . 6
5.3 Rapid test methods . 6
5.3.1 Pre-screening: Identification of most contaminated samples . 6
5.3.2 Selection of the analytical strategy . 6
5.3.3 Appropriate sample volumes and counting times related to intervention levels . 9
5.3.4 Gross-alpha and gross-beta determination and gamma spectrometry .10
5.3.5 Specific separations for alpha emitters or pure beta emitters measurement .11
6 Laboratory management to perform rapid measurements .12
6.1 Protection of laboratory staff .12
6.2 Sample management.12
6.3 Material and staff .12
6.4 Quality management .13
6.5 Expression of results and test report .13
Annex A (informative) World Health Organization screening for radionuclides in drinking
water .14
Annex B (informative) Operational Intervention Levels (OILs) from EU, US and IAEA .15
Annex C (informative) Overview of different types of rapid measurements during a nuclear
or radiological emergency.16
Annex D (informative) Example of a decision scheme for rapid measurements in the early
phase .18
Bibliography .19
ISO 22017:2020(E)
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, SC 3, Radioactivity
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iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22017:2020(E)
Introduction
Radioactivity from several naturally-occurring and anthropogenic sources is present throughout
the environment. Thus, water bodies (e.g. surface waters, ground waters, sea waters) can contain
radionuclides of natural, human made, or both origins:
40 3 14
— Natural radionuclides, including K, H, C, and those originating from the thorium and uranium
226 228 234 238 210 210
decay series, in particular Ra, Ra, U, U, Po and Pb can be found in water for
natural reasons (e.g. desorption from the soil and wash off by rain water) or can be released from
technological processes involving naturally occurring radioactive materials (e.g. the mining and
processing of mineral sands or phosphate fertilizers produ
...
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