ASTM D8161-17(2022)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8161 − 17 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking
Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker
Impacted by a Falling Weight
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5628 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid
Plastic Specimens by Means of a Falling Dart (Tup or
1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation over a
Falling Mass)
road-type substrate and test methodology of thermoplastic
D7307 Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic Pavement
pavement marking materials similar to the “Gardner Impact”
Marking Materials
method as listed in Test Method D5420.
D7308 Practice for Sample Preparation of Thermoplastic
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Pavement Marking Materials
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
ASTM Test Methods
and are not considered standard.
E284 Terminology of Appearance
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Determine the Precision of a Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology D883 and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E284 apply to this method.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.1 failure(oftestspecimen),n—thepresenceofanycrack
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. or split created by the impact of the falling weight that can be
seen by the naked eye under normal laboratory lighting
2. Referenced Documents
conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 Falling Weight (Gardner) Impact Tester, n—impact
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
tester designed as described in Test Method D5420.
D2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to
3.2.3 thermoplastic pavement marking, n—a highly filled
the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
100 % total solids highway marking system that when heated
D4796 Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic
toamoltenstatecanbeextrudedorsprayedontoaroadsurface
Pavement Marking Materials
and when cooled forms a solid durable delineator or marking.
D5420 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Flat, Rigid
Plastic Specimen by Means of a Striker Impacted by a
4. Summary of Test Method
Falling Weight (Gardner Impact)
4.1 In this test method, a weight falls through a guide tube
and impacts a striker resting on top of a supported specimen.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
This test method is similar to Test Methods D5420 and D2794
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.
except the impact occurs on thermoplastic pavement marking
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
material applied over a solid road-type substrate with minimal
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8161-17. DOI:
deformation.
10.1520/D8161-17R22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 The test result is typically pass/fail, however maximum
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
impacttocausematerialfailurecanbedeterminedasshownby
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. cracking, chipping, delaminating, etc.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D8161 − 17 (2022)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The significance of this test is to determine the thermo-
plastic pavement marking material’s resistance to impact over
a simulated pavement substrate, under laboratory conditions,
and is expressed as pass/fail or numerically. The test result can
be used as a quality test or to differentiate marking materials.
5.2 Anyone attempting to perform this test should initially
review Test Methods D5420 and D2794, specifically the
equipment setup.
5.3 Sample preparation and equipment set-up should be
followed precisely to minimize variability in the test result.
6. Interferences
6.1 Falling-weight-impact test results are dependent on the
geometry of the falling weight, striker, and the support. Thus,
use impact tests only to obtain relative rankings of materials.
Impact values cannot be considered absolute unless the geom-
etryofthetestequipmentandspecimenconformtotheend-use
requirement. Data obtained with different geometries, cannot,
in general, be compared directly with each other
6.2 Since this method is based on the impact of a material
on a non-deformable substrate, the failure mode can come in
many different forms. This method may not cover the type of
deformation seen on some type of products. In this instance, a
determination of whether an impact causes a passing or a
FIG. 1 Impact Tester
failing deformation will then need to be determined by the
buyer and the seller.
6.3 Impact properties of thermoplastic pavement marking
materials can be very sensitive to temperature. This test can be
carried out at any reasonable temperature and humidity, thus
representing actual-use environments. However, this test
method as written is intended primarily for rating materials
under specific impact conditions and at 75 °F 6 2 °F (24 °C 6
1 °C).
6.4 It is possible that the apparatus used in this test method
will not have sufficient energy available to cause failure of
some specimens under the conditions of this procedure.
7. Apparatus
7.1 The basics of the apparatus are shown in Fig. 1 minus
the specimen support plate and support anvil. More detailed
information can be found in the Apparatus section of Test
Methods D5420 and D2794.
7.1.1 The difference being that the test sample on the road
substrate is placed under the striker, and on the base of the
apparatus instead of on the specimen support anvil as shown in FIG. 2 Specimen Support Anvil
Fig. 2.
7.2 Although there are many sizes and shapes of strikers for
this method, we are recommending that only a 0.625 in. 6
ing. Other width drawdown bars and drawdown gaps can be
0.004 in. (15.86 mm 6 0.10 mm) striker be used.
used but this is the most common for the thermoplastic
7.3 Although many weight loads can be used,a2lb (0.9 kg)
pavement marking industry (Fig. 3).
weightisthemostcommonandwillbetheonlytypeaddressed
8.2 Concrete Brick, with a minimum of 3000 psi compres-
within this method.
sion strength or substrate of choice.
8. Reagents and Materials
8.3 Asphalt Samples, cored from a road surface or made to
8.1 Four (4) in. Wide Drawdown Bar, capable of drawing a specific formulation and compressed in a Marshall testing
down a 0.125 in. thick film of thermoplastic pavement mark- device, then sawed in half. The top half of these types of
D8161 − 17 (2022)
FIG. 3 Drawdown Bar
samples can be used to simulate fresh asphalt and the cut side
worn or aged asphalt surfaces (Fig. 4).
FIG. 5 Warmed Drawdown Bar
8.4 Any other type of road surface or road surface covered
with an overlay or road marking can be used.
400 lb to the floor. Alternatively, affix testers directly to the
9. Hazards
floor. (Warning—Use of rubber mats either directly under the
9.1 Impact testing of any type can cause flying debris, so
tester or supporting apparatus is prohibite
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