ASTM D7902-14e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
Standard Terminology for Radiochemical Analyses
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and definitions used in standards for radiochemical analysis maintained by ASTM Committee D19 on Water. The terminology is also recommended for general use in the radiochemistry community.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used in radiochemistry and radioanalysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement, including some units that are not accepted for use with the SI, are also defined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D7902 − 14
StandardTerminology for
1
Radiochemical Analyses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7902; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in January 2015.
1. Scope and Associated Instrument Quality Control
1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used in
3. Significance and Use
radiochemistry and radioanalysis.
3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and defini-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tions used in standards for radiochemical analysis maintained
standard. Other units of measurement, including some units
by ASTM Committee D19 on Water. The terminology is also
that are not accepted for use with the SI, are also defined.
recommended for general use in the radiochemistry commu-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Terminology: Terms and Definitions
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4π geometry, n—geometry in which the radiation detector has
essentially the same probability of detecting radiation from
2. Referenced Documents
the source emitted in any direction.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
absorption (of radiation), n—transfer of some or all of the
D7282Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control
energy of a radiation to matter it traverses.
of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
2.2 International Bureau of Weights and Measures Docu- abundance,(1) n—probabilityofemissionofagivenradiation
3
ments:
during the decay of an atom of a given radionuclide;
GUMGuide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measure- radiation emission probability—also called intensity;
ment (GUM), 100:2008
(2) see isotopic abundance.
4
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations Documents:
actinide, n—any element with atomic number between 89 and
40 CFR 141.25Analytical Methods for Radioactivity
103, including actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium,
40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136Definition and Procedure
neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium.
for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit
5
2.4 ANSI Documents:
activation, n—inducement of radioactivity by irradiation.
ANSI N42.22Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the
activation analysis, n—analysis based on the characteristic
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
radiations emitted by nuclides formed by activation.
−1
activity (for radionuclides), A [T ], n—mean rate of radio-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
active decay in a quantity of material.
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
cal Analysis.
DISCUSSION—Theterm activitymaybequalifiedbyspecifyingoneor
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
238
more radionuclides (for example, U activity) or the type of decay
D7902-14E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or (for example, gross alpha activity).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
DISCUSSION—The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (Bq), which
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
−1
the ASTM website. equals 1 s (one nuclear disintegration per second).
3
Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de
activity concentration, (1) n—quotient of the activity of a
Breteuil F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France, http://http://www.bipm.org.
4
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
specified quantity of material and its volume; volumic
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
activity;
www.access.gpo.gov.
5
(2) n—quotient of the activity of a specified quantity of
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. material and its associated mass or size.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7902 − 14
aliquant, n—fractional part that does not evenly divide the attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, µ or µ
l
−1
whole. [L ], n—for a parallel beam of photons passing through a
material, the fraction of the photons removed in a short
aliquot, n—fractional part that evenly d
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7902 − 14 D7902 − 14
Standard Terminology for
1
Radiochemical Analyses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7902; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in January 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used in radiochemistry and radioanalysis.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement, including some units that are not
accepted for use with the SI, are also defined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7282 Practice for Set-up, Calibration, and Quality Control of Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements
3
2.2 International Bureau of Weights and Measures Documents:
GUM Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), 100:2008
4
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations Documents:
40 CFR 141.25 Analytical Methods for Radioactivity
40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit
5
2.4 ANSI Documents:
ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Associated
Instrument Quality Control
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and definitions used in standards for radiochemical analysis maintained by
ASTM Committee D19 on Water. The terminology is also recommended for general use in the radiochemistry community.
4. Terminology: Terms and Definitions
4π geometry, n—geometry in which the radiation detector has essentially the same probability of detecting radiation from the
source emitted in any direction.
absorption (of radiation), n—transfer of some or all of the energy of a radiation to matter it traverses.
abundance, (1) n—probability of emission of a given radiation during the decay of an atom of a given radionuclide; radiation
emission probability—also called intensity;
(2) see isotopic abundance.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. DOI: 10.1520/D7902-14.10.1520/D7902-14E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Pavillon de Breteuil F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France, http://http://www.bipm.org.
4
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
5
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D7902 − 14
actinide, n—any element with atomic number between 89 and 103, including actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium,
neptunium, plutonium, americium, and curium.
activation, n—inducement of radioactivity by irradiation.
activation analysis, n—analysis based on the characteristic radiations emitted by nuclides formed by activation.
−1
activity (for radionuclides), A [T ], n—mean rate of radioactive decay in a quantity of material.
DISCUSSION—
238
The term activity may be qualified by specifying one or more radionuclides (for example, U activity) or the type of decay (for example, gross alpha
activity).
DISCUSSION—
−1
The SI unit of activity is the becquerel (Bq), which equals 1 s (one nuclear disintegration per second).
activity concentration, (1) n—quotient of the activity of a specified quantity of material and its volume; volumic activity;
(2) n—quotient of the activity of a specified quantit
...
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