ASTM D5743-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5743 − 97 (Reapproved 2013) D5743 − 21
Standard Practice for
Sampling Single or Multilayered Liquids, Withwith or
Without Solids, in Drums or Similar Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5743; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers typical equipment and methods for collecting samples of single or multilayered liquids, with or without
solids, in drums or similar containers. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling drums having a volume of 110 gal (416
L) or less. These methods are applicable to hazardous material, product, or waste. Specific sample collection and handling
requirements should be described in the site-specific work plan.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2.4, 7.2.7.1, and Notes 1 and
2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste Sampling
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation
D5495 Practice for Sampling with a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA)
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
2.2 Other Documents:
Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites,Sites EPA/600/S2-86/013, PB 165362, October 1986
Accident Prevention Manual;Manual: Engineering and Technology 13th14th Edition, 20092015
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on Sampling
Techniques.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013May 1, 2021. Published April 2013May 2021. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D5743 – 97 (2013).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D5743-97R13.10.1520/D5743-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available (for free) at http://www.epa.gov/nscep.
Available from National Safety Council, 1121 Spring Lake Dr., Itasca, IL 60143 and at www.nsc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5743 − 21
Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities,Activities No. 85-115, October 1985
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bonding—touching the sampling equipment to the drum to form an electrically conductive path to minimize potential
electrical differences between the sampling equipment and drum, reducing the buildup of static electricity.
3.1.2 bung—usually a 2-in. (5.1-cm) or ⁄4-in. (1.3-cm) diameter threaded plug designed specifically to close a bung hole.
3.1.3 bung hole—an opening in a barrel or drum through which it can be filled, emptied, or vented.
3.1.4 deheading—removal of the lid of a closed-head drum; it is usually accomplished with a drum deheader.
3.1.5 drum—implicitly any drum, barrel, or non-bulk container of 5 to 110-gal (19 to 416-L) capacity.
3.1.6 pail—a small container, usually of 5-gal (19-L) capacity. Pails typically have bungs or spouts, or the entire lid can be
removed.
3.1.7 paperwork—all required site documentation, which may include the manifests, waste profiles, material safety data sheets
(MSDS), site forms, sample labels, seals, and chain of custody forms.
3.1.8 sludge—any mixture of solids that settles out of solution. Sludges contain liquids that are not apparent as free liquids.
3.1.9 work plan—a plan specific to a particular site; it is for conducting activities specified in the plan.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology D5681.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The drum and its contents are inspected, and appropriate sampling equipment is selected. A clean sampling device is lowered
slowly into the liquid to be sampled. After the material has entered the device, it is removed from the drum. The contents of the
device are discharged into a sample container. The sampling device is then either disposed of or cleaned and decontaminated.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of single and multilayered liquids, with or without solids, from drums
or similar containers, including those that are unstable, ruptured, or otherwise compromised. Special handling procedures (for
example, remote drum opening, overpressurizedover-pressurized drum opening, drum deheading, etc.) are described in Drum
Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites.
6. Interferences
6.1 The condition of the materials to be sampled, and the condition and accessibility of the drums, will have a significant impact
on the selection of sampling equipment.
7. Pre-Sampling
7.1 General Principles and Precautions:
7.1.1 Samples should be collected in accordance with an appropriate work plan (Practice D5283 and Guide D4687). This plan
must include a worker health and safety section because there are potential hazards associated with opening drums as well as
Available from National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) at 800-356-4674 (hardcopy) or http://www. osha.gov/publications/complinks/OSHG-
Hazwaste/4agency.html (download)https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/85-115/pdfs/85-115.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB85115 (download).
D5743 − 21
potentially hazardous contents. See the Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities for
information on health and safety at hazardous waste sites.
7.1.2 Correct sampling procedures must be applied to conditions as they are encountered. It is impossible to specify rigid rules
describing the precise manner of sample collection because of unknowns associated with each liquid sampling situation. It is
essential that the samples be collected by a trained and experienced sampler because of the various conditions under which
drummed liquids must be sampled.
7.1.3 To be able to make probability or confidence statements concerning the properties of a sampled lot, the sampling procedure
must allow for some element of randomness in selection because of possible variations in the material. The sampler should always
be on the alert for possible biases arising from the use of a particular sampling device or from unexpected segregation within the
material.
7.1.4 The sampling equipment, sample preparation equipment, sample containers, etc. must be clean, dry, and inert to the material
being sampled. All equipment, including sample containers, must be inspected before use to ensure that they are clear of obvious
dirt and contamination and are in good working condition. Visible contamination must be removed, and the equipment must be
decontaminated with the appropriate rinse materials. Decontaminated sampling equipment should be protected from contamina-
tion. This may include, but not be limited to,to: storage in aluminum foil, plastic bags, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, or
other means of protection that will not impact the sample quality or intended analysis.
7.2 Basic Pre-Sampling Practices:
7.2.1 Review all paperwork.
7.2.2 Select the sampling equipment and sample containers appropriate for the material in the drum, as detailed in the work plan.
7.2.3 Enter the work zone.
7.2.4 Inspect all drums to be sampled visually. Note any abnormal conditions (for example, rust marks, stains, bulges, or other
signs of pressurization or leaks) that may require special handling. The work plan should clearly define the limiting conditions
under which special handling procedures shall be initiated. See Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites for information
on opening overpressurizedover-pressurized drums and the use of remotely operated drum opening equipment.
7.2.5 Stage the drums to be sampled in a designated work area if they cannot be sampled in their current location. See Drum
Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites for further information on staging drums.
7.2.5.1 Move the drums to upright stable positions if necessary. positions, if necessary and safe. Sufficient space shall be left
between drums to prevent movement hazards.
7.2.5.2 Allow adequate time for the drum contents to stabilize if movement of a drum is required. The settling time is dependent
on the type of material expected.
7.2.5.3 Number or identify uniquely identify all drums to be sampled.
7.2.6 Perform a detailed inspection of individual drums.
7.2.6.1 Record all relevant information from drum labels, markings, data sheets, and so forth, in the field log book or on forms
specified in the work plan.
7.2.6.2 Verify that there are no discrepancies with existing paperwork.
7.2.6.3 Any discovered inconsistency from the paperwork (such as evidence of crystals on the drum exterior) should be noted in
the field log book.
7.2.7 Slowly remove the bung or loosen the ring that secures the lid, allowing any pressure or vacuum to equalize.
7.2.7.1 Precautionary Notes:
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(1) If the drum or pail appears to be under positive or negative pressure (that is, a slight bulge or dimple in the lid), control
the release of pressure until it has equalized. For example, if the drum or pail is equipped with bungs, loosen the smaller bung first
since doing so will make it easier to control the release of pressure.
(2) Pails equipped with snap-on lids may be difficult to open. Care must be exercised when opening to minimize the potential
of splashing of the contents.
(3) If the top of the drum is dished inward (dimpled), it may “pop” when equalizing pressure, spraying the sampler with any
material that is sitting on top of the drum.
(4) If there is evidence of a chemical reaction or sudden pressure buildup, the sampler should leave the area immediately and
evaluate whether remote drum opening equipment should be used.
(5) For flammable or explosive materials, the drum and sampling equipment should be grounded if the generation of static
electricity while opening or sampling the drum is a possibility. The drum and sampling equipment should be grounded to a ground
stake or to an existing ground (building ground, grounded water pipes, etc.). New glass, plastic thiefs,thieves, or composite liquid
waste samplers (COLIWASAs) may have some residual static electrical charge due to the materials in which they are packed and
shipped. The work plan should specify whether grounding is required. See the Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial
Operations for information on grounding and bonding.
7.2.7.2 Drums should be opened, sampled, and closed individually to minimize the risk of volatilization and exposure.
7.2.7.3 Drums (or Pails) with Bungs—When using a manual bung wrench, cover it with a wipe or cloth to control potential liquid
spray. Use non-sparking tools.
7.2.7.4 Drums with Removable Lids—Loosen the ring slowly with a manual wrench or air impact wrench. Use non-sparking tools.
7.2.7.5 Pails with Removable Lids (Side-Lever Lock Ring)—Release the lever slowly.
7.2.7.6 Pails with Removable Lids (Snap-On)—Pry the lid loose slowly with a pail lid opener.
7.2.8 Manual or remote puncturing or deheading will be required if the drum has a stuck bung or the lid cannot be removed. See
Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites for further information on manual or remote drum opening.
7.2.9 If required, insert a measuring rod (graduated in litres or gallons) into the drum to measure the liquid volume and determine
the presence of solids at the bottom and estimate their percentage. (If minimal disturbance of the contents is required, the
measuring rod can be inserted in the vent bung hole when working with a bung-top-drum.) bung-top drum.) The rod can be
graduated in litres or gallons for a specific size drum, or it can be graduated in linear units (inch
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