ASTM F1796-97e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: F 1796 – 97
Standard Specification for
High Voltage Detectors—Part 1 Capacitive Type to be Used
for Voltages Exceeding 600 Volts AC
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1796; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 10.3.17 in February 1998.
1. Scope 2.4 IEEE Standards:
IEEE 516 Guide for Maintenance Methods on Energized
1.1 This specification covers portable, live-line tool-
Power Lines
supported, direct-contact type capacitive voltage detectors to
IEEE 4 High Voltage Testing Techniquesf
be used on electrical systems both indoors and outdoors for ac
2.5 IEC Standard:
voltages from 600 V to 800 kV with frequency of 60 Hz. The
IEC 1243-1 First Addition 1993-11
function of the voltage detector is limited to the detection of the
presence or absence of nominal operating voltage.
3. Terminology
1.1.1 This specification is not applicable to other types of
3.1 Definitions:
voltage detectors.
3.1.1 capacitive voltage detector—a device that relies on
1.2 The use and maintenance of these high voltage detectors
current passing through stray capacitance to ground.
and any necessary insulated tool handles are beyond the scope
3.1.2 clear indication—a specific condition that detects and
of this specification.
indicates the voltage state at the contact electrode.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 clear perception—the ability by the user to determine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
that the voltage detector is in its operating position.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 contact electrode—the bare conductive part of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conductive element that establishes the electrical connection to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the component to be tested.
NOTE 1—Except where specified, all voltage defined in this specifica-
3.1.5 indicator—part of the voltage detector that indicates
tion refer to phase-to-phase voltage in a three-phase system. Voltage
the presence or absence of the operating voltage at the contact
detectors covered by this specification may be used in other than
electrode.
three-phase systems, but the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground
3.1.6 indoor type—a detector designed for use in dry
(earth) voltages shall be used to determine the operating voltage.
conditions, normally indoors.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.7 interference field—electrical field affecting the indica-
tion.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.8 interference voltage—voltages other than the signal
F 819 Definitions of Terms Relating to Electrical Protective
voltage capable of making the device operate.
Equipment for Workers
3.1.9 limit marking—distinctive location or mark to indicate
2.2 Other Standard:
to the user the physical limit to which the detector may be
Fed/OSHA (1910, 137, 269, Subpart S)
inserted between live components or may touch them.
2.3 ANSI Standard:
3.1.10 nominal operating voltage—a nominal value consis-
ANSI C84.1 Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems
tent with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1.
and Equipment
3.1.11 non-contact proximity detector—a device that relies
on current passing through stray capacitance to ground without
making direct contact with the component to be tested.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-18 on
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F18.35 on Tools and Equipment.
Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 345
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published December 1997.
East 47th St., New York, NY 10017.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.
Available from the International Electrotechnical Commission, (IEC) Sales
Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Department, Case Postale 131, 3 rue de Varembé, CH-1211, Geneva 20,
Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20013-7082.
Switzerland/Suisse. Also available in the United States from the Sales Department,
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th Floor, New York, NY
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 1796
3.1.12 outdoor type—a detector designed for use either testing shall be printed on a permanent-type label and attached
indoors or outdoors. to the unit.
3.1.13 response time—time delay between sudden change 7.1.2 Voltage range, manufacturer and a general statement
of the voltage state on the contact electrode and the associated regarding any use precautions or limitations shall be perma-
clear indication. nently marked on each unit.
3.1.14 testing element—built in or external device, by
8. Specifications
means of which the functioning of the voltage detector can be
8.1 The manufacturer shall clearly specify the limits of
checked.
performance of each voltage detector within the instructions as
3.1.15 threshold voltage—minimum voltage between the
follows:
line component and earth (ground) required to give a clear
8.1.1 Operating voltage range or ranges,
audible or visual indication, or both, corresponding to specific
8.1.2 Operating temperature range,
conditions as defined in corresponding test (see clear indica-
8.1.3 Operating humidity range,
tion and clear perception).
8.1.4 Storage temperature range,
3.1.16 voltage detector—a device for indicating the pres-
8.1.5 Storage humidity range, and
ence or absence of nominal design or operating voltage.
8.1.6 Any limitations in use.
3.1.17 voltage, nominal design—a nominal value consistent
with the latest revision of ANSI C84.1, assigned to the circuit
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
or system for the purpose of conveniently designating its
9.1 Workmanship and finish shall be of such quality as to
voltage class.
ensure safe operation of the unit. Appearance shall be the
3.1.18 voltage range—value of voltage generally agreed
prerogative of the manufacturer.
upon by manufacturer and customer, to which certain operating
specifications are referred.
10. Testing
3.2 Tests:
10.1 General—Tests shall be performed on a detector that
3.2.1 acceptance test—a test made at the option of the
has been completely assembled. Tests shall be carried out
purchaser.
under the following ambient test conditions:
3.2.2 design test—a type test made on a specimen treated as
10.1.1 Ambient temperature 59 to 95°F.
representative of an industrial product. These tests will not
10.1.2 Relative humidity 45 to 75 %.
generally be repeated in quantity production unless a change in
10.2 Methods—Unless otherwise specified, tests shall be
the design is implemented.
carried out using a 60 Hz ac power source. Tests shall be
3.2.3 performance test—a test performed to indicate normal
performed in dry conditions.
operation of the instrument.
10.2.1 The maximum voltage level shall be reached within
3.2.4 routine test—a type test made regularly on production
10 to 20 s.
material.
10.2.2 An acceptable tolerance of 63 % is allowed for all
required values.
4. Significance and Use
10.3 Design Test—A design test shall be performed each
4.1 This specification establishes requirements for the de-
time there is any significant change in the design of the unit. At
sign and testing of high voltage detectors, used in the electrical
least two (2) units shall be tested to ensure that design
power industry, to determine the presence or absence of
specifications are achieved.
nominal operating voltage.
10.3.1 Voltage—Each unit shall be subjected to the voltage
necessary to verify the unit’s threshold voltage. The threshold
5. Type of Detector
voltage V shall satisfy the t following relationship 610 %:
t
5.1 Capacitive
Threshold voltage 5 0.3 to 0.45 3 minimum nameplate voltage
5.1.1 Direct Contact—Operates without the need for a
(1)
ground lead, but requires physical contact with the component
to be tested.
10.3.2 Temperature Dependence of the Indication—The
6. Ordering Information
detector shall operate correctly in the temperature range of the
climatic category according to Table 1. The threshold voltage
6.1 Orders for high voltage detectors under this specifica-
shall not vary by more than 610 %, with respect to the
tion should include the following information:
threshold voltage measured when tested at the minimum and
6.1.1 Type,
maximum temperature. The detector shall be subjected to the
6.1.2 Voltage range,
maximum and minimum temperature extremes for 24 h and
6.1.3 Tested to meet ASTM F 1796, and
immediately subjected to a threshold voltage test. The thresh-
6.1.4 Catalog numbers.
old voltage is not to deviate 610 % from the previously tested
7. Marking
TABLE 1 Climatic categories
7.1 Labeling:
Temperature
7.1.1 Instructions for indoor and outdoor testing use and
Temperature° C °F
maintenance of the voltage detectors shall be included with
−25 to +55 −13 to +131
each unit. Whenever practicable, instructions for use and
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
F 1796
and recorded test report when conducted under the standard performed in an environment where background noise does not
atmospheric conditions as stated in 3.2.1. exceed 60 dBA.
10.3.13.1 The detector shall be mounted so that the sound
10.3.3 Low Temperature Impact—The procedure outlined in
axis is parallel to the ground at least 5.0 ft off any sound
10.3.4 shall be followed after exposure to −25°C/−13°F for 24
reflecting surface. The test shall be performed by applying a
h.
voltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contact
10.3.4 Drop/Impact—The test surface shall be concrete or
electrode.
steel and smooth, hard and unpliable. The height of the fall
10.3.13.2 The sound intensity shall be measured at 2 ft
shall be 3 ft. The unit shall be dropped twice: once in the
intervals at 615 degrees off centerline while moving away
horizontal position and once in the vertical. The vertical drop
from the detector until the following audible thresholds are
shall be made on the contact electrode if present. It is
determined: (1) 77 dBA for detectors with intermittent signals,
acceptable if the contact electrode bends, as long as the unit
and (2) 80 dBA for detectors with continuous signals.
continues to operate. The unit shall be considered to have
10.3.13.3 The detector is considered passed if the audible
passed the test if there is no significant mechanical damage and
thresholds are met at distances consistent with the maximum
the unit meets the requirements of 10.6.
voltage rating of the detector and OSHA minimum approach
10.3.5 Humidity—The detector is to be exposed to a mini-
distances. These audible thresholds may be reduced by 10 dBA
mum of 96 % humidity for 24 h. A threshold voltage test as in
if the detector is equipped with a visual indication also.
10.3.2 is to be conducted. The detector is considered to have
10.3.14 Acceptable Visual Indication—The tests should be
passed if it meets the same criteria as outlined.
conducted in an environment with ambient light conditions
10.3.6 Wet Test—The units identified for “outdoor use” shall
ranging from 0 to 18 000 fc.
be tested using the Rain/Wet Test described in Annex A1.
10.3.14.1 The test shall be performed by applying a mini-
10.3.7 Battery Life Test—For detectors equipped with inter-
mum voltage of 10 % over the threshold voltage to the contact
nal test functions, the detector shall be submitted to a battery
electrode.
life test where after exposure to the standard atmosphere test
10.3.14.2 Three observers shall determine that visual detec-
conditions in 3.2.1, the self-test functions of the detector are
tion can be made throughout angles of 615 % off the detector
activated and allowed to deplete the battery which was
centerline at distances up to and including 10 ft from the
determined to be “new” and “fresh” at insertion. The detector’s
detector under test.
self-test functions must last for 10 min of continuous use. The
10.3.15 Visual Inspection—The detector shall be reviewed
performance requirements are outlined in 10.6.
for any defects apparent in its enclosure, contact electrode, or
10.3.8 Durability of Labeling—The labels on the detector
visual and audible indicating systems. Labeling shall be
shall be scrubbed with a towelette soaked in water for 1 min
inspected and any accessories shall also be visually inspected.
then another towelette soaked in ethyl alcohol for another
If any defects are found, the detector is to be rejected.
minute. The test is considered passed if the marking remains
10.3.16 Method to Measure Threshold Voltage—The detec-
legible, the printing does not smear and the label remains
tor shall be supported in a non-conductive fixture in a horizon-
attached.
tal position. For a detector with a maximum rated voltage of
10.3.9 Vibration Resistance—This test method is under
69kV and below, it will be positioned 3 ft above a conductive
consideration.
floor. No foreign objects shall be located between the test
10.3.10 Continuous Operation Rating—The detector shall
fixture and the floor. For detectors rated above 69kV, the height
be placed in contact with a high voltage supply lead and
from floor dimension will be 6 ft.
subjected to maximum rated voltage for 10 min. The detector
10.3.16.1 The connecting cable shall be free and clear of all
is considered to have passed the test if the indicating signals
surrounding objects connecting to the detector on an even axis.
have worked continuously for the entire period and all the
The detector shall be tested according to its designed threshold
functions as specified in 10.6 are functioning after the voltage
voltage rating.
testing is completed.
10.3.16.2 The detector is considered to have passed if it
10.3.11 Response Time—The test voltage applied shall be responds at the calculated threshold voltage.
the threshold voltage plus 10 %. The test voltage shall remain 10.3.17 Interference Voltage Testing—Refer to Fig. 1 for the
ON and the detector shall be applied and removed five times.
test se
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