ASTM C822-21

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C822 − 20 C822 − 21
Standard Terminology Relating to
Concrete Pipe and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Referenced Documents
1.1 ASTM Standards:
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
2. Terminology
absorption—absorption, n—the increase in weight of concrete resulting from the penetration of water into the concrete.
absorption test—test, n—a test made to determine the absorption of concrete.
admixture—admixture, n—a material other than water, aggregates, cement and fibre reinforcing used as an ingredient of
concrete and added to the batch immediately before or during its mixture.
ambient conditions—conditions, n—common, prevailing, and uncontrolled atmospheric and weather conditions in a room or
place.
annular space—space, n—the space between the inner surface of the female end and the outer surface of the male end of an
assembled pipe joint.
bell—see female end of pipe.
blend—blend, n—a combining of various cementitious materials.
box section—section, n—a concrete pipe with a rectangular cross section.
box section bottom slab—slab, n—lower horizontal portion of a box section in the installed condition.
box section top slab—slab, n—upper horizontal portion of a box section in the installed condition.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.10 on Correlation and
Editorial.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2021. Published September 2020September 2021. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20192020
as C822 – 19.C822 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/C0822-20.10.1520/C0822-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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box section wall—wall, n—vertical sides of a box section in the installed condition.
cage—cage, n—an assembled unit of steel reinforcement consisting of circumferential and longitudinal bars or wires.
circular reinforcement—reinforcement, n—a circular-shaped line of reinforcement.
circumferential reinforcement—reinforcement, n—reinforcement that is approximately perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
of the concrete pipe, box, or structure.
combined sewer—sewer, n—a pipeline intended to convey sewage and storm water.
compression test—test, n—a test made on a concrete specimen to determine the compressive strength.
compressive strength—strength, n—the maximum resistance of a concrete specimen to axial compressive loading; or the
specified resistance used in design calculations.
concrete—concrete, n—a mixture of portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. Thewater; the mixture may
also contain admixtures, or other cementitious materials, or both.
core—core, n—a cylinder of concrete obtained from concrete by means of a core drill.
crown—crown, n—the top or highest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe.
culvert—culvert, n—a pipeline intended to convey water under a highway, railroad, canal, or similar facility.
cylinder (test)—(test), n—a cast cylindrical specimen of concrete.
design strength—strength, n—the minimum acceptable 0.01-in. (0.3-mm) crack D-load.
designated size—size, n—the dimensional name for a particular size that may or may not be equal to or related to the dimensions
used for design purposes or of the manufactured product.
distribution reinforcement—reinforcement, n—reinforcement, typically running 90° to the main or circumferential
reinforcement, intended to disperse concentrated loads to larger areas of a structural member.
D-load—D-load, n—the supporting strength of a pipe loaded under three-edge-bearing test conditions expressed in pounds per
linear foot per foot of inside diameter or horizontal span, or expressed in newtons per linear metre per millimetre of inside
diameter or horizontal span.
D-load, 0.01-in. (0.3-mm) crack—crack, n—the maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a concrete pipe before
a crack having a width of 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) occurs, measured at close intervals, throughout a continuous length of 1 ft (300 mm)
or more measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of pipe barrel expressed as D-load.
D-load ultimate (Du)),—n—the maximum three-edge-bearing test load supported by a pipe, expressed as D-load.
drain tile—tile, n—pipe for collecting and conveying surface and subsurface water from an area.
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elliptical reinforcement—reinforcement, n—a line of reinforcement in the approximate shape of an ellipse.
exfiltration—exfiltration, n—the volume of pipeline flow leaving a sewer and its connections into the soil from pipe, joints,
connections, and appurtenances.
external load-crushing strength test—test, n—a test of the pipe in which external crushing forces are exerted in specified
directions and locations on a specified length of pipe.
external sealing bands—bands, n—flexible wrappings that are applied to the outside of a concrete pipe, box section, or
manhole section joint intended to control the movement of fluids or solids through the joint.
female end of pipe (bell, socket, groove, modified groove)—groove), n—that portion of the end of the pipe, regardless of its
shape or dimensions, which overlaps a portion of the end of the adjoining pipe.
flow line—line, n—a line formed by the inverts of pipe.
gradation—gradation, n—the distribution of particles of granular material among standard sizes usually expressed in terms of
cumulative percentages larger or smaller than each of a series of sieve openings.
grade rings—rings, n—precast concrete rings used for vertical adjustment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to
proper grade.
groove—see female end of pipe.
handling reinforcement—reinforcement, n—reinforcement intended to reduce the risk of collapse of the pipe or section during
handling or storage prior to and during final placement.
hydrostatic pressure—pressure, n—the pressure exerted by water at rest.
hydrostatic test—test, n—a test of the ability of a pipe or its joint to withstand internal hydrostatic pressure.
infiltration—infiltration, n—the volume of groundwater entering a sewer and its connections from the soil through pipe, joints,
connections, or appurtenances.
inflow—inflow, n—the volume of any kind of water entering a sewer and its connections from outside sources not including
those sources described under “infiltration.”
installed length—length, n—final length, along the centerline, of a pipe or box section in place including the longitudinal joint
separation between the section and the last section placed.
invert—invert, n—the bottom or lowest point of the internal surface of the transverse cross section of a pipe.
irrigation pipe—pipe, n—pipe intended for the distribution of irrigation water by pumping or gravity.
joint—joint, n—a connection of two pipe, manhole, or box section ends, made either with or without the use of additional parts
and/or materials.
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joint angular deflection—deflection, n—change in alignment commencing in the joint caused by opening or closing one side
of the joint.
joint at normal (design) closure—closure, n—position of the joint when closed to the manufacturer’s recommended inside
longitudinal separation without joint angular deflection.
joint in off-center position—position, n—with the joint at normal or design closure, without joint angular deflection, when the
spigot or bell has been moved in a radial direction. The maximum off-center position occurs when the outer surface of the spigot
and the inner surface of the bell are in contact.
DISCUSSION—
The maximum off-center position occurs when the outer surface of the spigot and the inner surface of the bell are in contact.
joint leakage test—test, n—test procedure, utilizing water pressure, air pressure or a vacuum, intended to determine the
acceptability of an individual joint relative to leakage.
joint leakage test apparatus—apparatus, n—sealing device used to isolate a single joint so that the joint can be tested for
leakage. See joint leakage test.
joint reinforcement—reinforcement, n—reinforcement, in or near the joint, intended to enhance the structural characteristics
of the joint area of a concrete pipe or box section.
joint shear test—test, n—a proof-of-design test procedure to determine minimum shear strength of a joint.
layer of reinforcement—circumferential reinforcement that is one bar or wire in thickness.
laying length—length, n—pipe section center-line dimension used for preparing pipeline layout plans. The plans; or the length
as measured from a point on a pipe to an identical point of an adjacent pipe of an installed pipeline.
lift hole—hole, n—a small hole cast or drilled in the wall of the pipe or section for inserting
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