ASTM F2780-20

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2780 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) F2780 − 20
Standard Guide for
Design and Construction of Expanded Metal Security
Fences and Barriers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site security designer to select the proper components required to design a site specific
expanded metal physical security perimeter barrier.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the physical protection security concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the appropriate design for the level of physical protection required and
determine the applicability of regulatory requirements or limitations prior to use.
1.3 It is recommended that Specification F2548 to be used in conjunction with this guide.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon Steel Barbed Wire
A123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
F626 Specification for Fence Fittings
F1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings on Steel Industrial Fence Framework
F1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence Structures
F1910 Specification for Long Barbed Tape Obstacles
F2200 Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Construction
F2548 Specification for Expanded Metal Fence Systems for Security Purposes
F2656 Test Method for Crash Testing of Vehicle Security Barriers
2.2 US Dept. of Defense:Defense Documents:
UFC 4-010-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings
UFC 4-020-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual
2.3 US Dept. of State:State Document:
SD-STD-02.01 Revision A, March 2003 Test Method for Vehicle Crash Gate Testing of Perimeter Barriers and Gates
2.4 General Services Administration:GSA Document:
The Site Security Design Guide, U.S. General Services Administration (GSA)
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences and Perimeter
Barriers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014April 1, 2020. Published May 2014May 2020. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
F2780F2780 – 09– 09. (2014). DOI: 10.1520/F2780-09R14.10.1520/F2780-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG), https://www.wbdg.org.
Available from Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), https://www.cisa.gov.
Available from General Services Administration (GSA), https://www.gsa.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2780 − 20
2.5 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):ASCE Standard:
ASCE/SEI 7-057-16 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (Manufacturer shall demonstrate framework
design for wind load criteria for the selection of line posts and line post spacing)Shall Demonstrate Framework Design for
Wind Load Criteria for the Selection of Line Posts and Line Post Spacing)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 access control—control, n—for the purposes of these standards, any combination of barriers, gates, electronic security
equipment, or guards, or a combination thereof, that can deny entry to unauthorized personnel or vehicles.
3.1.2 active barrier—barrier, n—abarrier a barrier that requires manual or motorized action to operate. Actionoperate; action
barriers may be command or sensor activated to prevent or impede unauthorized passage.
3.1.3 anti-ram vehicle barrier—barrier, n—a device or barrier that prevents vehicle access to provide pedestrian protection
and/or building security. Anti-Ram vehicle barriers may be either active or passive barriers. A rated anti-ram barrier is a
Department of State-approved perimeter barrier that does not exceed the defined penetration level for a 15,000-lb gross weight
vehicle traveling perpendicular to the barrier at nominal speeds of 50, 40, or 30 mph. Reference Test Method or building security,
or both.F2656 for performance criteria.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Anti-Ram vehicle barriers may be either active or passive barriers. A rated anti-ram barrier is a Department of State-approved
perimeter barrier that does not exceed the defined penetration level for a 15 000 lb gross weight vehicle traveling perpendicular
to the barrier at nominal speeds of 50, 40, or 30 mph. Reference Test Method F2656 for performance criteria.
3.1.4 asset—asset, n—tangible or intangible items, personnel, or outdoor gatherings,gatherings (in whole or in part),part) which
may be subject to manmade or natural hazards.
3.1.5 barrier—barrier, n—an object used to separate or impede the movement of a vehicle or pedestrian.
3.1.6 design basis tactics—tactics, n—identify the specific acts and methods that the building and site’s countermeasures must
protect against and form the basis for the site security design. (U.S. General Services Administration)
3.1.7 design criteria—criteria, n—defines the design direction that emerges, based on inputs from the risk assessment,
consideration of the design basis tactics, and the required level of protection. (U.S. General Services Administration)
3.1.8 level of protection—protection, n—the degree to which an asset (for example, a person, a piece of equipment, or an object,
etc.) is protected against injury or damage from an attack.
3.1.9 passive vehicle barrier—barrier, n—stationary barriers creating perimeter or edge protection, such as fixed bollards,
concrete walls, concrete jersey barriers, concrete planters, boulders, excavations and ditches, vehicle restraint cable systems, king
tut blocks, bastion barriers, bin barriers, reinforced masonry walls, berms, ponds/basins, existing trees, intrusion detection devices,
and reinforced streetscape elements sculpture etc. Passive vehicle barriers have no moving parts. A passive vehicle barrier system
consists of a permanent or portable structure positioned to slow, delay or deny access to a protected site or restricted area.sculpture,
etc.
3.1.9.1 Discussion—
Passive vehicle barriers have no moving parts. A passive vehicle barrier system consists of a permanent or portable structure
positioned to slow, delay, or deny access to a protected site or restricted area.
3.1.10 perimeter barrier—barrier, n—a fence, gate, bollard, wall, fence, planter, other structure, or natural topographic feature
that provides protection against a vehicle gaining access to a compound or facility.
3.1.11 physical security—security, n—the part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel;
to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard against espionage, sabotage,
damage, and theft. (U.S. Army)
3.1.12 portable barrier—barrier, n—a passive or active barrier designed to be removed and relocated as required.
Includesrequired; includes any movable object that can be moved in place to stop the movement of vehicles and/or people.vehicles,
or people, or both.
3.1.13 risk acceptance—acceptance, n—the degree of risk associated with an asset or endeavor that a decision-maker perceives
and will accept under a given set of circumstances and with associated costs.
Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http://www.asce.org.
F2780 − 20
3.1.14 standoff—standoff, n—the area between a protected structure and the perimeter protecting the asset against potential
attacks. Sometimes referred to as setback. Distance from the inside edge of a barrier to the nearest surface of the building being
protected.
3.1.14.1 Discussion—
Sometimes referred to as setback. Distance from the inside edge of a barrier to the nearest surface of the building being protected.
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 It is the responsibility of the design team to consider the design criteria, understand the design basis tactics, and levels of
protection that shaped them, and provide effective and balanced design solutions that respond to the threat.
4.2 Concerns for security throughout the design process will identify the need for appropriate levels of protection around the
site perimeter, site access, required standoff distances, parking, and other specific assets. All of these areas may require some form
of physical security to equally balance the level of security with an acceptable risk.
4.3 Perimeter barriers are used to define the limits of a perimeter, standoff, activity, or area, to define ingress and egress points,
to form a psychological deterrent, and to establish an acceptable level of protection. They delay unauthorized individuals to
facilitate their apprehension by response forces, direct traffic along designated routes of travel for enhanced surveillance and
control, and can preclude visual compromise by unauthorized individuals.
5. Design Criteria for Perimeter Fences and Barriers
5.1 Cost Effectiveness—Budgetary allotments for security plans should be set after the performance requirements for fences and
barriers have been determined.
5.2 Determine the threat and risk acceptance. This standard guide should be used in conjunction with site-specific risk
assessments as necessary to attain an appropriate level of protection from natural and or manmade hazards.hazards, or both.
5.3 Determine the level of security for the fence system required based on acceptable risk. Part of this determination would be
the height of the fence. Fences used for the purpose of security shall be a minimum of 8-ft8 ft high.
5.4 Determine the function for the fence or barrier based on the application icons listed in Fig. 1.
5.4.1 Expanded metal barriers may take different forms and provide perimeter security and access control to protect assets.
Expanded metal fencing can be mounted
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