ASTM A990-00

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: A 990 – 00 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Castings, Iron-Nickel-Chromium and Nickel Alloys, Specially
Controlled for Pressure Retaining Parts for Corrosive
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 990; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 494/A 494M Specification for Castings, Nickel and
Nickel Alloy
1.1 This specification covers iron-nickel-chromium and
A 703/A 703M Specification for Steel Castings, General
nickel alloy castings specially processed with restricted melt
Requirements, for Pressure-Containing Parts
practices, weldability testing and nondestructive examination
A 743/A 743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
(NDE) requirements.
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
1.2 A number of grades of iron-nickel-chromium and nickel
Application
alloy castings are included in this specification. Since these
A 744/A 744M Specification for Castings, Iron-
grades possess varying degrees of suitability for service in
Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion-Resistant, for Severe Ser-
corrosive environments, it is the responsibility of the purchaser
vice
to determine which grade shall be furnished. Selection will
A 802/A 802M Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Accep-
depend on design and service conditions, mechanical proper-
tance Standards, Visual Examination
ties, and corrosion-resistant characteristics.
A 903/A 903M Specification for Steel Castings, Surface
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
Acceptance Standards, Magnetic Particle and Liquid Pen-
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
etrant Inspection
the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each
A 919 Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
two systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 ⁄2-
cation.
in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E 272 Reference Radiographs for High-Strength Copper-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Base and Nickel-Copper Alloy Castings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
2. Referenced Documents
(51 mm) in Thickness
2.2 AWS Standards:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
AWS A5.4, Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for
A 351/A 351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic,
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Austenitic-Ferritic (Duplex), for Pressure-Containing
AWS A5.9, Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding
Parts
Electrodes and Rods
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
AWS A5.11, Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy
of Steel Products
Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding
A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
AWS A5.14, Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare
fication of Procedures and Personnel
Welding Electrodes and Rods
2.3 ASME/ANSI Standard:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
A01.18 on Castings. Available from the American Welding Society, 2501 NW, 7th Street, Miami, FL
Current edition approved September 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Origi- 33125.
nally published as A 990–98. Last previous edition A 990–98. Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engi-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02. neering Center, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 990
ASME/ANSI B16.34, Valves-Flanged, Threaded, and 6. Process and Manufacture
Welding End
6.1 Alloys shall be made by one of the two following
processes:
3. Terminology
6.1.1 Electric arc or induction furnace melting followed by
3.1 Definitions— The definitions in Test Methods and Defi-
AOD or VOD refining, or
nitions A 370 and Terminology A 919 are applicable to this
6.1.2 Electric induction furnace melting of refined ingot.
specification.
6.1.2.1 Additions of up to 5 % are permitted for composi-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tional adjustments and deoxidation.
3.2.1 accessible surface, n—surface that can be welded on
6.1.2.2 Revert shall not be used.
without cutting access holes in the casting.
7. Chemical Composition
3.2.2 revert, n—gates, risers, and castings. Also includes
scrapped machinery and fabricated items, chips and turnings.
7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition
3.2.3 refined ingot, n—metal processed by argon-oxygen-
requirements prescribed in Table 1. An analysis of every heat
decarburization (AOD) or vacuum-oxygen-decarburization
is required.
(VOD) and cast to a size and shape suitable for remelting.
8. Tensile Properties
4. General Conditions for Delivery
8.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. Test
results shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in
4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
Table 3. The bar shall be solution heat treated per the
the requirements of Specification A 703/A 703M, including
requirements of Table 4 in production furnaces to the same
any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
procedure as the castings it represents. If the casting grade does
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
not require heat treatment, the bar used for the test specimen
ments of Specification A 703/A 703M constitutes nonconfor-
shall not be heat treated.
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
requirements of this specification an Specification A 703/
9. Weldability Qualification
A 703M, this specification shall prevail.
9.1 Each heat shall be qualified by weldability testing.
5. Ordering Information 9.2 Sampling:
9.2.1 The weldability test plate shall be cast in accordance
5.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all
with Fig. 1.
requirements that are necessary for material ordered to this
9.2.2 For heats produced under 6.1.1, at least one weldabil-
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
ity test plate shall be cast from each heat.
limited to, the following:
9.2.3 For heats produced under 6.1.2, at least one weldabil-
5.1.1 Quantity.
ity test plate shall be cast from the first heat in an uninterrupted
5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1).
series of heats, made in the same furnace from the same heat of
refined ingot using the same melting procedure, and shall
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
qualify all of the subsequent heats in that series made in the
Element, %
same shift.
(max, except where Grade
9.3 Procedure:
range is given)
9.3.1 The test plates required under 9.2 shall be processed
CW-2M CN3MCu
and tested as follows:
C 0.020 0.030
9.3.1.1 Prior to welding, the test plate shall be solution heat
Mn 1.00 1.50
Si 0.80 1.00
treated according to the requirements of Table 4 in production
P 0.030 0.030
furnaces to the same procedure as the castings it represents.
S 0.015 0.015
9.3.1.2 All forms of cold working, mechanical deformation,
Mo 15.0-17.5 2.0-3.0
Fe 2.00 balance
hammering or peening, in excess of that required for normal
Ni balance 27.5-30.5
cleaning is prohibited.
Cr 15.0-17.5 19.0-22.0
9.3.1.3 Fill the groove in the plate with weld deposit
Cu . . . 3.0-3.5
W 1.00 . . .
according to the procedure used in Section 11 and the filler
material grade specified in Table 5.
9.3.1.4 For the purposes of the weldability test only, post
5.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number or
weld heat treatment of the test plate is prohibited even if part
drawing. Dimensional tolerances should be included on the of the procedure. Remove one ⁄8-in. (10-mm) min thick bend
casting drawing. coupon longitudinally from the center of the welded plate by
5.1.4 Nondestructive inspection class required (Table 2). machining, sawing, or abrasive cutting. Make a transverse side
Class D will be supplied unless otherwise specified. bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice
5.1.5 Wetted surfaces (Table 2). A 488/A 488M.
5.2 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary require- 9.4 Acceptance:
ments desired, including standards of acceptance, required to 9.4.1 On the bent specimen, cracks or other open defects
describe adequately the desired material. exceeding ⁄8 in. (3.2 mm), measured in any direction on the
A 990
TABLE 2 Nondestructive Examination Requirements
Maximum Casting Thickness Class Visual Examination, Practice Radiographic Examination, Liquid Penetrant Examination, Test Method E 165
A 802/A 802M Minimum Guide E 94
Coverage Minimum Acceptance Level
Acceptance Level Number of Castings
per Specification
Severity Level per Table 6
A 903/A 903M
less than ⁄8 in. (15.9 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level I
B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted Level II
surfaces
C Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level II
D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA
⁄8to 1 in. (15.9 to 25.4 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level II
B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted Level III
surfaces
C Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level III
D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA
Over 1 to 2 in. (25.4 to 50.8 mm) A Level I 100 % All accessible surfaces Level III
B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted Level IV
surfaces
C Level II Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level IV
D Level II Initial casting off pattern NA NA
Over2to4 ⁄2 in. (50.8 to 114 mm) A Level II 100 % All accessible surfaces Level IV
B Level II 100 % All accessible wetted Level IV
surfaces
C Level III Initial casting off pattern Weld repairs Level V
D Level III Initial casting off pattern NA
...