ASTM D907-00

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
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Designation: D 907 – 00
Standard Terminology of
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 907; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope adhesion, n—the state in which two surfaces are held together
byinterphaseforceswhichmayconsistofchemicalforcesor
1.1 This standard is a compilation of definitions used in the
interlocking action, or both. (R)
science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that
mechanical adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces in
are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily
which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking
available sources are not included.
action.
1.2 Anychangesinthisstandardsince1988aredocumented
specific adhesion, n—adhesion between surfaces which are
as follows:
held together by intermolecular forces of a chemical or
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since
physical nature. (2000) (R)
1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms
adhesion promoter, n—a substance used to improve bonding
Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
of the adhesive to the substrate. (Compare coupling agent
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume
and primer.)
15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is
DISCUSSION—The adhesion promoter may be added to an adhesive
shown following each definition.Also, the following codes are formulation or applied to the substrate.
included after the year of publication to describe the type
adhesive, n—asubstancecapableofholdingmaterialstogether
change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E)
by surface attachment. (See also glue, gum, mucilage,
Edited.
paste, resin, and sizing.)
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably foot-
noted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the DISCUSSION—Adhesiveisthegeneraltermandincludesamongothers
cement, glue, mucilage, and paste. These terms are loosely used
standard.
interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the term
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and
adhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:
1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.
(1) Physical form, that is, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive
2. Terminology
(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive
(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plastic
acceptance test, n—a test, or series of tests conducted by the
adhesive
procuring agency, or an agent thereof, upon receipt to
(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesive
determine whether an individual lot of materials conforms to
the purchase order or contract or to determine the degree of
adhesive, assembly, n— See assembly adhesive.
uniformity of the material supplied by the vendor, or both.
adhesive, bulk, n— See bulk adhesive.
(Compare preproduction test and qualification test.)
adhesive, casein, n— See casein adhesive.
acidnumber, n—the quantity of base, expressed in milligrams
adhesive, cellular, n— See cellular adhesive.
of potassium hydroxide, that is required to titrate acidic
adhesive, cold-setting, n—See cold-setting adhesive.
constituents present in1gof sample. (1992) D 2849,
adhesive, contact, n— See contact adhesive.
D-20
adhesive, foamed, n— See foamed adhesive.
adhere, v—to cause two surfaces to be held together by
adhesive, gap-filling, n—See gap-filling adhesive.
adhesion.
adhesive, heat activated, n—See heat activated adhesive.
adherend, n—a body held to another body by an adhesive.
adhesive, hot-melt, n— See hot-melt adhesive.
(See also substrate.)
adhesive, hot-setting, n—See hot-setting adhesive.
adherend preparation, n—See surface preparation.
adhesive, intermediate-temperature-setting, n—See
intermediate-temperature-setting adhesive.
adhesive, mastic, n— See mastic adhesive.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
adhesive, multiple-layer, n—See multiple-layer adhesive.
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.04 onTerminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
published as D 907 – 47 T. Last previous edition D 907 – 99.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 907
used in the production of sheet materials for sale as such, for example,
adhesive, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, n—See polyvinyl
plywood or laminates.
acetate emulsion adhesive.
adhesive, pressure-sensitive, n—See pressure-sensitive ad-
assembly time, n—the time interval between applying the
hesive.
adhesive on the substrate and the application of pressure, or
adhesive, room-temperature-setting, n—See room-
heat, or both, to the assembly. (1990) (R)
temperature-setting adhesive.
DISCUSSION—For assemblies involving multiple layers or parts, the
adhesive, separate application, n—See separate-
assembly begins with applying the adhesive on the first substrate.
application adhesive.
adhesive, solvent, n— See solvent adhesive.
closed assembly time, n—the time interval between the
adhesive, solvent-activated, n—Seesolvent-activatedadhe- closing together of substrates after the adhesive has been
sive.
applied, and the application of pressure, heat, or both, to the
adhesive, structural, n—See structural adhesive. assembly. (1990) (R)
adhesive, warm-setting, n—See warm-setting adhesive.
open assembly time, n—the time interval between applying
adhesive, urea-formaldehyde, n—See urea-formaldehyde adhesive on the substrates and closing them together before
adhesive. bonding. (1990) (R)
adhesive, anaerobic, n—See anaerobic adhesive.
A-stage, n—in polymer chemistry, an early stage in a thermo-
adhesiveassembly, n—agroupofmaterialsorparts,including setting resin reaction in which the material melts when
adhesive, placed together for bonding or which has been
heated and dissolves in certain liquids. (Compare B-stage
bonded together. (See assembly adhesive.) and C-stage.) (1991) (R)
adhesive dispersion, n—a two-phase system in which one
autohesion, n—adhesion developed by interdiffusion of the
phase is suspended in a liquid. (Compare to emulsion.) molecules of two surfaces of the same material and conse-
adhesive joint, n—See adhesive joint under joint.
quent obliteration of the interface between them. (Some-
adhesive-jointfailure, n—thelocusoffractureoccurringinan times called “autoadhesion.”) (Compare blocking.) (1990)
adhesively-bonded joint resulting in a loss of load-carrying
(A)
capability. (1995) (A) bag molding, n—a method of molding or bonding involving
adhesion failure, n—in characterizing the locus of an
the application of fluid pressure, usually by means of air,
adhesive-joint-failure, the fracture occurring within the in- steam, water, or vacuum, to a flexible cover which, some-
terphase region. (Compare cohesion failure.) (1995) (R)
times in conjunction with the rigid die, completely encloses
cohesion failure, n—rupture of an adhesive bond, such that the the material to be bonded.
separation appears to be within the adhesive. (Compare
batch, n—the manufactured unit or a blend of two or more
adhesive failure.) units of the same formulation and processing. (Compare
substrate failure, n—in characterizing the locus of an
manufactured unit.)
adhesvie-joint failure, the fracture occurring within the binder, n—a component of an adhesive composition that is
substrate. (See cohesion failure.)
primarily responsible for the adhesive forces which hold two
aggressive tack, n— See aggressive tack under tack.
bodies together. (See also extender and filler.)
aging time, n—See joint conditioning time. blister, n—an elevation of the surface of an adherend, some-
amylaceous, adj—pertaining to, or of the nature of, starch;
what resembling in shape a blister on the human skin; its
starchy. boundaries may be indefinitely outlined and it may have
anaerobicadhesive, n—anadhesivethatiskeptintheuncured
burst and become flattened.
state by oxygen, as in air, and that cures in the absence of
DISCUSSION—A blister may be caused by insufficient adhesive,
oxygen when exposed to metal ions, especially copper or
inadequate curing time, temperature or pressure, or trapped air, water,
iron. (1990) (A)
or solvent vapor.
apparent viscosity, n—resistance to shear at a given rate of
blockedcuring-agent, n—a curing agent or hardener rendered
shear, expressed as viscosity in absolute units. (See viscos-
unreactive, which can be reactivated as desired by physical
ity.) (1991) (A)
or chemical means. (Compare hardener.)
assembly, n—See adhesive assembly.
blocking, n—an undesired adhesion between touching layers
assembly adhesive, n—an adhesive that can be used for
of a material, such as occurs under moderate pressure during
bonding parts together, such as in the manufacture of a boat,
storage or use.
airplane, furniture, and the like.
bond, n—the union of materials by adhesives.
DISCUSSION—The term assembly adhesive is commonly used in the
edge joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint
wood industry to distinguish such adhesives (formerly called “joint
made by bonding adherends edge-to-edge with grain direc-
glues”) from those used in making plywood (sometimes called “veneer
tions parallel to form wider stock.
glues”). It is applied to adhesives used in fabricating finished structures
or goods, or subassemblies thereof, as differentiated from adhesives
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
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D 907
DISCUSSION—Acaulisusedtoprotecteitherthefacesoftheassembly
face joint, n—in wood bonding, a type of laminate joint
or the press platens, or both, against marring and staining to prevent
made by bonding adherends face-to-face with grain direc-
sticking; to facilitate press loading; to impart a desired surface texture
tions parallel to form thicker stock.
or finish; and to provide uniform pressure distribution.
laminate joint, n—in wood bonding, a joint made by
DISCUSSION—A caul may be made of any suitable material such as
bonding layers of adherends face-to-face or edge-to-edge to
aluminum, stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic; the length
form thicker or wider stock.
and width dimensions being generally the same as those of the plates of
bond, v—to unite materials by means of an adhesive. (Syn- the press where it is used.
onym for glue, v.) (See also adhere.) (Compare laminate,
cellular adhesive, n—Synonym for foamed adhesive.
v.)
cement, n—See Discussion under adhesive.
bondline, n—the layer of adhesive which attaches two adher-
cement, v—See bond.
ends. (Synonym for glue line.)
cleavage, n—in an adhesively bonded joint, a separation in the
bond strength, n—the unit load applied to tension, compres-
joint caused by wedge or other crack-opening type action.
sion, flexure, peel, impact, cleavage, or shear, required to
(1994) (A)
break an adhesive assembly with failure occurring in or near
cleavage-peel strength, n—the force per unit width of bond-
the plane of the bond. (See also adhesion and bond.)
line required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
DISCUSSION—The term adherence is frequently used in place of bond
other crack-opening type action of two adherends where one
strength.
or both undergo significant bending. (1994) (A)
cleavage strength, n—the force per unit width of bondline
dry strength, n—thestrengthofanadhesivejointdetermined
required to produce progressive separation by wedge or
immediately after drying under specified conditions or after
other crack-opening type action of two adherends of suffi-
aperiodofconditioninginastandardlaboratoryatmosphere.
cient thickness to produce no significant bending. (1994) (A)
wet strength, n—thestrengthofanadhesivejointdetermined
closed assembly time, n—See closed assembly time under
immediately after removal from a liquid in which it has been
assembly time.
immersed under specified conditions of time, temperature,
cohesion, n—the state in which the constituents of a mass of
and pressure.
material are held together by chemical and physical forces.
DISCUSSION—The term is commonly used alone to designate strength
(1992) (R)
after immersion in water. In latex adhesives the term is also used to
cohesive blocking, n— See blocking.
describe the joint strength when the adherends are brought together
cold flow, n— See creep.
with the adhesive still in the wet state.
coldpressing, n—abondingoperationinwhichanassemblyis
B-stage, n—in polymer chemistry, an intermediate stage in a
subjected to pressure without the application of heat.
thermosetting resin reaction in which the material softens
cold-setting adhesive, n—an adhesive that sets at tempera-
when heated, and swells but does not dissolve in certain
tures below 20°C (68°F). (See also hot-setting adhesive,
liquids. (Compare A-stage and C-stage.) (1991) (R)
intermediate-temperature-setting adhesive, and room-
temperature adhesive.)
DISCUSSION—Some of the solvents that will dissolve resins in the
colophony, n— See rosin.
A-stage will not dissolve resins in the B-stage.
condensation, n—a chemical reaction in which two or more
built-up laminated wood, n—See built-up laminated wood
molecules combine with the separation of water or some
under wood laminate.
other simple substance. (See also polymerization.)
bulk adherend, n— as related to interphase, the adherend,
DISCUSSION—The process is called polycondensation if a polymer is
unaltered by the adhesive. (Compare to bulk adhesive.)
formed.
(1988) (A)
bulk adhesive, n— as related to interphase, the adhesive,
conditioning time, n— See joint conditioning time. (See also
unaltered by the adherend. (Compare to bulk adherend.)
curing time and setting time.)
(1988) (A)
consistency, n—that property of a liquid adhesive by virtue of
casein adhesive, n—an aqueous colloidal dispersion of casein
which it tends to resist deformation. (See also viscosity and
that may be prepared with or without heat, may contain
viscosity coefficient.)
modifiers, inhibitors, and secondary binders to provide
DISCUSSION—Consistency is not a fundamental property but is
specific adhesive properties, and includes a subclass, usually
comprised of viscosity, plasticity, and other ph
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