ASTM D5555-95(2023)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the free fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the free fatty acid content of fats and oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2023
- Technical Committee
- D31 - Leather
- Drafting Committee
- D31.08 - Fats and Oils
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2023
Overview
ASTM D5555-95(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds is a globally recognized guideline developed by ASTM International. This standard specifies a reliable titrimetric method to quantify free fatty acid (FFA) content in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils, particularly those used in fat liquors and stuffing compounds for leather production and related applications.
Determining the free fatty acid content is essential for quality assurance in these materials, as the FFA level affects the chemical properties, usability, and shelf life of fats and oils. ASTM D5555 provides standardized procedures ensuring consistency and comparability of test results across laboratories and industries.
Key Topics
Scope and Applicability
- Covers FFA determination in a wide variety of fats and oils of animal, marine, and vegetable origin.
- Applies to products used specifically in fat liquors and stuffing compounds, mainly for the leather industry.
- Uses SI units as the standard measurement.
Test Method Outline
- Utilizes a titration technique with standardized sodium hydroxide solution.
- Includes preparation of liquid samples mixed with neutralized alcohol and use of phenolphthalein indicator.
- Involves titration to the appearance of a stable pink endpoint, enabling accurate quantification.
Calculation and Reporting
- Results expressed as the percentage of free fatty acids by weight or acid value, supporting international communication and product comparison.
- Adherence to precision and reproducibility practices is emphasized for reliable quality control.
Safety and Compliance
- Advises users to implement appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices.
- Developed according to the WTO's principles for international standards to promote trade and regulatory harmonization.
Applications
ASTM D5555 is fundamental to industries that rely on the precise measurement of free fatty acids in fats and oils, particularly where these materials are used for:
Leather Processing
- Quality control of fat liquors and stuffing compounds for tanning, retanning, and lubrication processes.
- Ensures optimal leather softness, durability, and finish by monitoring FFA levels.
Food and Feed Manufacturing
- Evaluating raw material specifications for edible and non-edible fats and oils.
- Managing rancidity and shelf life by controlling FFA content.
Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
- Assessing ingredient purity and stability in products derived from animal, marine, or vegetable oils.
Chemical and Oleochemical Industries
- Monitoring raw material quality in the production of soaps, lubricants, and surfactants.
This standard helps maintain consistency across global supply chains by providing a common method for FFA determination, fostering trust and compliance between suppliers and customers.
Related Standards
- ASTM D5558 - Test Method for Determination of Acid Value of Fats and Oils
- ASTM D1980 - Test Method for Acid Value of Fatty Acids and Their Esters
- ISO 660 - Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils - Determination of Acid Value and Acidity
- AOCS Official Methods - Methods for evaluation of fats and oils used in food and non-food industries
Adhering to ASTM D5555 aligns organizations with recognized best practices in fat and oil analysis, supporting product quality, regulatory compliance, and international trade in chemical, food, and leather sectors.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D5555-95(2023) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal, Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors and Stuffing Compounds". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the free fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils for the purpose of quality assurance. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the free fatty acid content of fats and oils. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the free fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils for the purpose of quality assurance. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the free fatty acid content of fats and oils. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D5555-95(2023) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.200.10 - Animal and vegetable fats and oils. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D5555-95(2023) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D5555-95(2017). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D5555-95(2023) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5555 − 95 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Animal,
Marine, and Vegetable Fats and Oils Used in Fat Liquors
and Stuffing Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5555; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.4 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, accurately standardized.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the free
4. Procedure
fatty acid content of fats and oils.
4.1 Use Table 1 to determine the quantities to be used with
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
various ranges of fatty acids.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4.2 The sample shall be entirely liquid and well mixed
before weighing. Then weigh the designated sample size into
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
an oil-sample bottle or Erlenmeyer flask; add to that the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified amount of hot, neutralized alcohol and 2 mL of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
indicator.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.3 Shaking vigorously, make the titration with alkali to the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
appearance of the first permanent pink color of the same
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
intensity as that of the neutralized alcohol before adding the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sample. The color shall persist for 30 s.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5. Calculation and Report
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1 Report the free fatty acids in percent, by weight:
2. Significance and Use
mL of alkali × N × 28.2
% free fatty acids 5 (1)
2.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the weight of sample
free fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats
5.2 Reference this test method in the test report.
and oils for the purpose of quality assurance.
5.3 The free fatty acids are frequently expressed in terms of
3. Apparatus and Reagents
acid value instead of percent free fatty acids. The acid value is
defined as the number of milligrams of KOH necessary to
3.1 Oil Sample Bottles, 115 mL or 230 mL (4 oz or 8 oz) or
neutralize 1 g of sample. To convert percent free fatty acids (as
250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks.
oleic) to acid value, multiply the former by 1.99.
3.2 Ethyl Alcohol, 95 %. The alcohol shall give a definite,
distinct, and sharp end-point with phenolphthalein and sh
...
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