ASTM D92-12a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The flash point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that should be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
5.2 Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Consult the particular regulation involved for precise definitions of these classifications.
5.3 Flash point can indicate the possible presence of highly volatile and flammable materials in a relatively nonvolatile or nonflammable material. For example, an abnormally low flash point on a test specimen of engine oil can indicate gasoline contamination.
5.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and a test flame under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
5.5 The fire point is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to support combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus. Note 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79°C (175°F) and below 400°C (752°F) except fuel oils. Note 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small, but significant, concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be employed if the flash point is known to be below 79°C (175°F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.
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Designation: D92 − 12a AmericanAssociation State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T48
DIN 51 376
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD92;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79°C (175°F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49°C (120°F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
but significant, concentrations of lower flash point substances that may
1. Scope*
escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be
1.1 Thistestmethoddescribesthedeterminationoftheflash
employed if the flash point is known to be below 79°C (175°F).
point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Cleveland open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
cup apparatus.
only.
NOTE 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the
current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not 1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
commonly specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flamma-
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
bility temperature may be desired.
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
with flash points above 79°C (175°F) and below 400°C
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
(752°F) except fuel oils.
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
NOTE 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the
determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
flash points of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
alsobeusedwhenitisdesiredtodeterminethepossiblepresenceofsmall,
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
may be prohibited by law.
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D02.08 on Volatility. In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the
Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
standard in 1965.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
CurrenteditionapprovedNovember2012.PublishedDecember2012.Originally
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D92–12. DOI:
10.1520/D0092-12A. warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D92 − 12a
2. Referenced Documents across the cup. The flash point is the lowest liquid temperature
2 at which application of the test flame causes the vapors of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test specimen of the sample to ignite. To determine the fire
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
point,thetestiscontinueduntiltheapplicationofthetestflame
Closed Cup Tester
causes the test specimen to ignite and sustain burning for a
D14
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D92 − 12 D92 − 12a American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T48
DIN 51 376
Standard Test Method for
1
Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D92; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon («) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This flash point and fire point test method is a dynamic method and depends on definite rates of
temperature increases to control the precision of the test method. Its primary use is for viscous
materials having flash point of 79°C (175°F) and above. It is also used to determine fire point, which
is a temperature above the flash point, at which the test specimen will support combustion for a
minimum of 5 s. Do not confuse this test method with Test Method D4206, which is a sustained
burning test, open cup type, at a specific temperature of 49°C (120°F).
Flash point values are a function of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and
the operational procedure carried out. Flash point can therefore only be defined in terms of a standard
test method, and no general valid correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different
test methods, or with test apparatus different from that specified.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the determination of the flash point and fire point of petroleum products by a manual Cleveland
open cup apparatus or an automated Cleveland open cup apparatus.
NOTE 1—The precisions for fire point were not determined in the current interlaboratory program. Fire point is a parameter that is not commonly
specified, although in some cases, knowledge of this flammability temperature may be desired.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all petroleum products with flash points above 79°C (175°F) and below 400°C (752°F)
except fuel oils.
NOTE 2—This test method may occasionally be specified for the determination of the fire point of a fuel oil. For the determination of the flash points
of fuel oils, use Test Method D93. Test Method D93 should also be used when it is desired to determine the possible presence of small, but significant,
concentrations of lower flash point substances that may escape detection by Test Method D92. Test Method D1310 can be employed if the flash point
is known to be below 79°C (175°F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.1, 11.1.3, and 11.2.4.
1
This test method is under the joint jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08
on Volatility. In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
Current edition approved April 15, 2012November 2012. Published May 2012December 2012. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20112012
as D92–11.–12. DOI: 10.1520/D0092-12.10.1520/D0092-12A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D92 − 12a
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM St
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