ASTM D807-18
(Practice)Standard Practice for Assessing the Tendency of Industrial Boiler Waters to Cause Embrittlement (USBM Embrittlement Detector Method)
Standard Practice for Assessing the Tendency of Industrial Boiler Waters to Cause Embrittlement (USBM Embrittlement Detector Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Embrittlement is a form of intercrystalline cracking that is associated with the exposure of boiler steel to a combination of physical and chemical factors. For embrittlement of boiler metal to occur, the metal must be under stress, it must be at the site of a leak, and it must be exposed to the concentrated boiler water. In addition, the boiler water must be embrittling in nature. The precise chemical causes of the embrittling nature of some waters are not well understood. Experience has shown that certain waters exhibit an embrittling characteristic while others do not.
5.2 Because embrittlement is a form of cracking, it is nearly impossible to detect in an operating boiler until a failure has occurred. In general, cracking failures tend to be sudden, and often with serious consequences. This practice offers a way to determine whether a particular water is embrittling or not. It also makes it possible to determine if specific treatment actions have rendered the water nonembrittling.
5.3 The embrittlement detector was designed to reproduce closely the conditions existing in an actual boiler seam. It is considered probable that the individual conditions of leakage, concentration, and stress in the boiler seam can equal those in the detector. The essential difference between the detector and the boiler is that the former is so constructed and operated that these three major factors act simultaneously, continuously, and under the most favorable circumstances to produce cracking; whereas, in the boiler the three factors are brought together only under unique circumstances. Furthermore, in the detector any cracking is produced in a small test surface that can be inspected thoroughly, while the susceptible areas in a boiler are large and can be inspected only with difficulty. In these respects the embrittlement detector provides an accelerated test of the fourth condition necessary for embrittlement, the embrittling nature of the boiler water.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice,3 known as the embrittlement-detector method, covers the apparatus and procedure for determining the embrittling or nonembrittling characteristics of the water in an operating boiler. The interpretation of the results shall be restricted to the limits set forth in 8.6.
Note 1: Cracks in a specimen after being subjected to this test indicate that the boiler water can cause embrittlement cracking, but not that the boiler in question necessarily has cracked or will crack.
1.2 The effectiveness of treatment to prevent cracking, as well as an indication of whether an unsafe condition exists, are shown by this practice. Such treatments are evaluated in terms of method specimen resistance to failure.
1.3 The practice may be applied to embrittlement resistance testing of steels other than boiler plate, provided that a duplicate, unexposed specimen does not crack when bent 90° on a 2-in. (51-mm) radius.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D807 − 18
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Tendency of Industrial Boiler Waters to
1
Cause Embrittlement (USBM Embrittlement Detector
2
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D807; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3,4 mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice, known as the embrittlement-detector
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
method, covers the apparatus and procedure for determining
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the embrittling or nonembrittling characteristics of the water in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
an operating boiler. The interpretation of the results shall be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
restricted to the limits set forth in 8.6.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE1—Cracksinaspecimenafterbeingsubjectedtothistestindicate
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
that the boiler water can cause embrittlement cracking, but not that the
boiler in question necessarily has cracked or will crack.
2. Referenced Documents
5
1.2 The effectiveness of treatment to prevent cracking, as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
well as an indication of whether an unsafe condition exists, are
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-
shown by this practice. Such treatments are evaluated in terms
Finished
of method specimen resistance to failure.
A515/A515M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Car-
1.3 The practice may be applied to embrittlement resistance bon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Ser-
vice
testing of steels other than boiler plate, provided that a
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
duplicate, unexposed specimen does not crack when bent 90°
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
on a 2-in. (51-mm) radius.
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E883 Guide for Reflected–Light Photomicrography
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
E1351 Practice for Production and Evaluation of Field
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
Metallographic Replicas
and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
3.2.1 embrittlement cracking, n—a form of metal failure
United States Bureau of Mines.
2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
that occurs in steam boilers at riveted joints and at tube ends,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
the cracking being predominantly intercrystalline.
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This form of cracking, which has been
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2018. Published October 2018. Originally
known as “caustic embrittlement,” is believed to result from
approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D807 – 14. DOI:
the action of certain constituents of concentrated boiler water
10.1520/D0807-18.
upon steel under stress. For a detailed discussion as to what
3
This test method was developed during an investigation conducted under a
cracking should be considered significant for the purpose of
cooperative agreement between the Joint Research Committee on Boiler Feedwater
Studies and the United States Bureau of Mines. For information on the development
this practice, see 8.6.
of this test method reference may be made to the following: Schroeder and Berk,
4
1941 (1); Schroeder, Berk, and Stoddard, 1941 (2); Transactions of the American
5
Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1942 (3); Whirl and Purcell, 1942 (4); and Berk For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Schroeder, 1943 (5). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volum
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D807 − 14 D807 − 18
Standard Practice for
Assessing the Tendency of Industrial Boiler Waters to
Cause Embrittlement (USBM Embrittlement Detector
1,2
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D807; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
3
1.1 This practice, known as the embrittlement-detector method, covers the apparatus and procedure for determining the
embrittling or nonembrittling characteristics of the water in an operating boiler. The interpretation of the results shall be restricted
to the limits set forth in 8.6.
NOTE 1—The embrittlement detector was designed to reproduce closely the conditions existing in an actual boiler seam. It is considered probable that
the individual conditions of leakage, concentration, and stress in the boiler seam can equal those in the detector. The essential difference between the
detector and the boiler is that the former is so constructed and operated that these three major factors act simultaneously, continuously, and under the most
favorable circumstances to produce cracking; whereas, in the boiler the three factors are brought together only under unique circumstances. Furthermore,
in the detector any cracking is produced in a small test surface that can be inspected thoroughly, while the susceptible areas in a boiler are large and can
be inspected only with difficulty. In these respects the embrittlement detector provides an accelerated test of the fourth condition necessary for
embrittlement, the embrittling nature of the boiler water.
NOTE 1—Cracks in a specimen after being subjected to this test indicate that the boiler water can cause embrittlement cracking, but not that the boiler
in question necessarily has cracked or will crack.
1.2 The effectiveness of treatment to prevent cracking, as well as an indication of whether an unsafe condition exists, are shown
by this practice. Such treatments are evaluated in terms of method specimen resistance to failure.
1.3 The practice may be applied to embrittlement resistance testing of steels other than boiler plate, provided that a duplicate,
unexposed specimen does not crack when bent 90° on a 2-in. (51-mm) radius.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished
A515/A515M Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate- and Higher-Temperature Service
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014Oct. 15, 2018. Published January 2014October 2018. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
D807 – 05 (2009).D807 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D0807-14.10.1520/D0807-18.
2
United States Bureau of Mines.
3
This test method was developed during an investigation conducted under a cooperative agreement between the Joint Research Committee on Boiler Feedwater Studies
4
and the United States Bureau of Mines. For information on the development of this test method reference may be made to the following: Schroeder and Berk, 1941 (1);
Schroeder, Berk, and Stoddard, 1941 (2); Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1942 (3); Whirl and Purcell, 194
...
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