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59.140.10 - Processes and auxiliary materials

ICS 59.140.10 Details

Processes and auxiliary materials

Verarbeitung. Hilfsmittel

Procedes et materiaux auxiliaires

Postopki in pomožni materiali

General Information

Parent
59.140 - Leather technology

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 59.140.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Processes and auxiliary materials". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 151 standards classified under ICS 59.140.10 (Processes and auxiliary materials). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ASTM
ASTM D3898-93(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure described is for the quality control for manufacturing liquors and specifications for the purchase of such liquors.  
4.2 The chromium content of the liquors determines the amount to be used to obtain the desired degree of tannage, and hence may be a matter for specification in the purchase of leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of chromic oxide in chrome tanning liquors, either simple, with added aluminum or zirconium, or with the usual masking complexing agents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4906-95(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Ash Content in Leather Finishing Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the total solids content and the ash content of a finishing material before its use on any leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the total solids and ash content of finishing materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6182-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Flexibility and Adhesion of Finish on Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use on any type of finished leather.  
5.2 This test method will give an indication of the flexibility, adhesion, and strength of the finish on leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use on finished leather to evaluate resistance to cracking, delamination, and discoloration of the finish when subjected to repeated flexing. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIST
SIST EN 17848:2023(Main)
Leather - Chemicals - Quality control
EN 17848:2023

This guideline provides a list of recommended tests that can be used to assess the quality of chemicals used in tanning process.
This guideline applies to chemicals whose application has the same effect on leather, grouped in families.

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CEN
EN 17848:2023(Main)
Leather - Chemicals - Quality control
SIST EN 17848:2023

This guideline provides a list of recommended tests that can be used to assess the quality of chemicals used in tanning process.
This guideline applies to chemicals whose application has the same effect on leather, grouped in families.

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ASTM
ASTM D6657-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for pH of Wet Blue and Wet White

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is designed to measure the pH of a distilled-water extract of Wet Blue and Wet White. This is considered to be a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the Wet Blue or Wet White. Excessive acidity or alkalinity may have a deleterious effect on the aging characteristics of Wet Blue and Wet White and the leather made from it.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for development, control, and service evaluation of wet blue.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pH of all types of Wet Blue and Wet White.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6659-16(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and Preparation of Wet Blue and Wet White for Physical and Chemical Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of Wet Blue and Wet White for physical and chemical tests. Wet Blue and Wet White are natural products and as such are subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on the hide, side, or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling and preparation of Wet Blue and Wet White for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6183-00(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tackiness of Finish on Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use on any type of finished leather.  
5.2 This test will give an indication of the tackiness of the finish on leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use on finished leather to evaluate the tendency of cloth to adhere to it. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6656-16(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Wet Blue (Perchloric Acid Oxidation)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure described is specific for chromium in Wet Blue. Vanadium is the only common interfering element and is rarely present in quantity. The precision and accuracy of the methods are usually, at least, as good as the sampling of Wet Blue itself.  
5.2 The chromium content of Wet Blue is related to the degree of tannage obtained, and hence may be a matter for specification in the purchase of Wet Blue. The procedure described provides adequate accuracy for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of chromic oxide in Wet Blue that has been partly or completely tanned with chromium compounds. In general, the samples will contain chromium content between 1 % and 5 % when calculated as chromic oxide expressed upon a dry basis otherwise referred to as moisture-free basis (mfb).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This test method does not apply to Wet White.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for specific safety hazards.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4899-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials-General

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Vegetable tanning materials are natural products containing various substances of varying composition, concentration and quality.  
3.2 The methods referenced are useful for analyzing and testing vegetable tanning materials for moisture, water-extractable substances, cold-soluble fractions, tannins, non-tannins, acidity, tanning properties, the color of tanned leather, and the presence or absence of certain admixtures.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the chemical analysis of all vegetable tanning materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6409-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Color Tests with Sheepskin Skiver

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for comparing the color of leather tanned with different tanning extracts or mixtures of extracts or for monitoring the color consistency of tannery liquors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers making color tests of all types of vegetable tanning extracts and of vegetable tanning materials to determine the color imparted to tanned skins.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4900-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful to detect possible adulteration of tanning material extract with cheap and inferior lignosulfonates.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in detecting the presence of lignosulfonates (sulfite cellulose) in extracts of tanning materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4902-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaporation and Drying of Analytical Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful for determining the solid residue in analytical solutions.  
4.2 Because of the possibility of unknown errors in this test method, it is essential that the procedure be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results, both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the evaporating and drying of the 100 mL portions of analytical solution obtained in the methods for vegetable tannin analysis, so that consistent results may be obtained for the determination of total solids, soluble solids, and non-tannins in the sample. This test method is also intended for use in determining the moisture in the hide powder samples and the moisture in raw and spent materials in the methods for vegetable tannin analysis.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6404-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides standard procedures for obtaining representative samples of various materials used as a source of tannins for the tanning industry.  
5.2 Procedures are described for obtaining representative samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of variation of quality in different portions of a lot and the average quality of the entire lot of material.  
5.3 No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in common, by each of two or more contracting parties.  
5.4 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts, depending both on the nature of the material and on the climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid changes in moisture content.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4901-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The concentration of tannin in extracts must be reduced to analytical strength (4 g tannin per L) for analysis.  
4.2 Vegetable tannin extracts are heterogeneous mixtures of components with varying solubility.  
4.3 The solubility of such extracts is influenced by temperature and concentration, which affect the degree of dispersion and size of the component particles.  
4.4 While the solubility is better in hot water than in cold water, it is appropriate to dissolve and disperse an extract in hot water and then let the solution cool slowly to standard room temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of a solution of liquid extract that is to be used in the tannin analysis of that extract.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6408-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the chemical properties of tannery liquors which are relevant for the vegetable tanning process and influence the astringency of vegetable tanning liquors. The astringency of liquors is dependent upon the solids and tannin content and the acidity. This method provides a standard procedure for determining these properties for any sample of vegetable tanning liquor.  
5.2 The specimens are aliquots from the analytical solution prepared from the sample of tannery liquor collected for this purpose.  
5.3 The total solids, soluble solids, and non-tannins content are determined and then the tannin content of the liquor sample is calculated. Because the amount of tannin per liter of analytical solution is less than that required for Test Method D6401, a table specifying the quantity of prepared hide powder to be used for solutions with lower tannin concentrations is included in this test method.  
5.4 The total acidity of the liquor sample is determined by one of two titrametric procedures described in Test Method D6410.  
5.5 The results of this test method are dependent on a great many variables but particularly upon: the temperature conditions under which the solutions were prepared and stored and the temperature at which the current analysis is performed; the uniformity and consistency of the Kaolin paste layer deposited onto the filter paper; the rate of solution run-out from the pipette; conditions related to the properties of the hide powder used to react with the tannin content of the solution; etc. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of tannery liquors made up from vegetable tanning materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6405-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for obtaining the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed according to Test Methods D4903, D6401, and D6402.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is used to determine the tannin content of the original material. Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-tannins of the water extract from a material provides the information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin content of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utilizing plant products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6020-00(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of (Non-Mineral) Combined Tanning Agents and Degree of Tannage

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice may be used to determine non-protein or non-nitrogen containing organic matter in leather which is not extractable with water or hexane. Examples would be vegetable tannins and acrylic lubricants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the combined tannin and nonextractable organic resins and the degree of tannage of all types of vegetable-tanned leather and leather with organic retannages. This practice does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6410-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine one of the chemical properties of tannery liquors which are relevant for the vegetable tanning process and influence the astringency of vegetable tanning liquors. The astringency of liquors is dependent upon the solids and tannin content and the acidity. This test method provides a standard procedure for determining the total acidity for any sample of vegetable tanning liquor.  
5.2 The specimens are aliquots from the analytical solution prepared from the sample of tannery liquor collected for this purpose.  
5.3 The total acidity of the liquor sample is determined by one of two titrametric procedures described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the acidity of tannery liquors made up from vegetable tanning materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6406-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the quantity of sugar present in vegetable tanning materials or vegetable tannin extracts. The amount of the reducing sugars, total sugars, and non-reducing sugars in a sample of material or extract can be determined by this method.  
5.2 Because of the possibility of errors in this test method it is essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determining the sugars present in vegetable tanning materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6407-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the quantity of iron and copper present in vegetable tanning materials or vegetable tannin extracts prepared using Practices D4901, D6404, or D6405.  
4.2 Because of the possibility of errors in this test method it is essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining iron and copper content in vegetable tanning materials. This test method is applicable to liquid, solid, pasty and powdered extracts, to raw and spent materials, and to tannery liquors.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4905-99(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The concentration of tannins in solid, pasty, and powdered extracts needs to be reduced to analytical strength for tannin analyses.  
4.2 Vegetable tannin extracts are heterogeneous mixtures of components with varying solubility.  
4.3 The solubility of such extracts is influenced by temperature and concentration, which affect the degree of dispersion and size of the component particles.  
4.4 Since extracts have greater solubility in hot water than cold, it is desirable to dissolve and disperse an extract in hot water and then let the solution cool slowly to standard room temperature.  
4.5 It is often difficult to reduce samples of solid and particularly pasty extracts to specimen size and at the same time ensure representative sampling. Therefore, caution is advised in drawing conclusions on the precision and bias of the results obtained on such extracts; where difficulties in sample preparation are experienced, little confidence can be placed in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for use in preparing the analytical solution required for the analysis of solid, pasty, or powdered vegetable tannin extracts.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6402-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Soluble Solids and Insolubles in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the proportion of the total solids which are soluble solids and that proportion which are insoluble solids in a solution of tannin extract or in the water extract from raw or spent materials prepared for tannin analysis.  
5.2 The specimens are aliquots from the analytical solutions prepared from tannin extracts or the water extract solutions prepared from raw or spent materials.  
5.3 The soluble solids are defined as the portion of the total solids which are dissolved in the water and pass through a filter prepared by depositing a layer of Kaolin paste onto a standard filter paper.  
5.4 The insolubles are defined as the portion of the total solids which do not pass through the standard filter paper prepared with the layer of Kaolin paste.  
5.5 The results of this test method are dependent on a great many variables but particularly upon:  
5.5.1 The temperature conditions under which the solutions were prepared and stored and the temperature at which the current analysis is performed;  
5.5.2 The uniformity and consistency of the Kaolin paste layer deposited onto the filter paper;  
5.5.3 The rate of solution run-out from the pipette; etc. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the quantity of soluble solids and insolubles in solutions of tannin extracts, water extracts of vegetable tanning materials, or tanning liquors. This test method is applicable to the analysis of liquid, solid, pasty, and powdered tannin extracts and to the water extracts of raw or spent materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6403-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Moisture in Raw and Spent Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the moisture content of materials (raw or spent) that are to be extracted for tannin analysis. The value obtained for moisture content by this test method is used to calculate the results of the other analyses on this material to a moisture-free basis.  
5.2 The specimens are obtained from the material prepared for extraction in Practice D6405.  
5.3 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts, depending both on the nature of the material and on the climatic conditions, therefore sampling must be carried out as quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid changes in moisture content.  
5.4 Negative errors may occur in the moisture determination because under the conditions of this method there may be retention of moisture by certain components (for example, hydrated salts or water bound to organic structures) of the raw or spent material or because of oxidation of other components (for example, tannins) of the raw or spent material.  
5.5 Positive errors may occur in the moisture determination because under the conditions of this test method there may be volatilization of certain components of the raw or spent material other than water.  
5.6 It is known that other factors can also affect the quantity of volatile matter (moisture) released by the specimen. These factors include but are not limited to: particle size of the test specimen, quantity of test specimen, oven temperature, exposure time in the oven, shape of the specimen container, and type of oven (for example, gravity or mechanical convection) used.  
5.7 Because of the possibility of unknown errors in this test method it is essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the moisture content in raw and spent materials that are extracted for tannin analysis. The moisture content of the sample is operationally defined to be equal to the weight loss experienced as a result of the evaporation which occurs in the drying oven.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6401-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Non-Tannins and Tannin in Extracts of Vegetable Tanning Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the proportion of the total soluble solids which are soluble non-tannins and the proportion which are tannins in a solution of tannin extract or in the water extract from raw or spent materials prepared for tannin analysis.  
5.2 The specimens are aliquots from the analytical solutions prepared from tannin extracts or the water extract solutions prepared from raw or spent materials.  
5.3 The soluble non-tannins are defined as the portion of the soluble solids which are not absorbed or bound by a prepared hide powder material.  
5.4 The tannins are defined as the portion of the soluble solids which are absorbed or bound by a prepared hide powder material.  
5.5 The results of this test method are dependent on a great many variables, but particularly upon:  
5.5.1 The temperature conditions under which the solutions were prepared and stored and the temperature at which the current analysis is performed;  
5.5.2 The uniformity and consistency of the Kaolin paste layer deposited onto the filter paper;  
5.5.3 The rate of solution run-out from the pipette;  
5.5.4 Conditions related to the properties of the hide powder used to react with the tannin content of the solution; etc. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the quantity of soluble non-tannins and tannin in solutions of tannin extracts, water extracts of vegetable tanning materials, or tanning liquors. The method is applicable to the analysis of liquid, solid, pasty, and powdered extracts and to extracts of raw or spent materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4903-99(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is useful in determining the total solids and water in analytical solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the total solids and water in extracts of vegetable tanning materials. The test method is applicable to solutions of liquid, solid, pasty, and powdered extracts, and to extracts of raw or spent materials.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4907-10(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Nitrocellulose in Finish on Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is used to identify nitrocellulose in finishes on all types of leathers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended for use in identifying nitrocellulose in the finish on all types of leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3913-03(2020)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Acidity in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The acidity of a chrome tanning liquor, as determined by this test method, is rarely employed as such. This result is normally combined with the results of a chromium analysis (see Test Method D3898) to determine a property of the liquor called basicity. This property, equal to the percentage by which anions in a normal chromic salt have been replaced by hydroxyl in the solution being analyzed, is closely related to the tanning behavior of the solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the titratable acidity of chromium tanning liquors. By titratable acidity is meant not only free acidity, which is rarely present, but also anions combined with weakly basic cations such as Chromium (III), which can be titrated with base at the phenolphthalein end point.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6019-20(Test Method)
Test Method for Determination of Chromic Oxide in Basic Chromium Tanning Liquors (Ammonium Persulfate Oxidation)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedure described is for the quality control for manufacturing liquors and specifications for the purchase of such liquors.  
4.2 The chromium content of the liquors determines the amount to be used to obtain the desired degree of tannage, and hence may be a matter for specification in the purchase of leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of chromic oxide in chrome tanning liquors, either simple, with added aluminum or zirconium, or with the usual masking complexing agents.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6017-97(2020)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom Salt) in Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method distinguishes magnesium sulfate from other water soluble non-tanning salts found in leather.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitatively determining the magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) in leather.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6658-08(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Moisture) of Wet Blue by Oven Drying

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The result obtained by this test is normally considered to be the moisture content of the wet blue or wet white sample. This result is used to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.  
4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other than water, may be present in the wet blue, although their amount in any normal wet blue would be expected to be a very small percentage of the total volatile matter.  
4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in wet blue, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may retain moisture. Other materials, such as natural animal fats, may be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in the moisture determination.  
4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a given sample varies with (a) method and time of sample preparation, (b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the oven drying, (d) type of oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used.  
4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the sample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among laboratories. This is particularly true if other chemical analytical tests being performed on the same sample are reported on the moisture-free basis.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile matter (moisture) in all types of wet blue and wet white.  
1.2 This test method was originally developed for wet blue, however, this test method can be used to test wet white. For wet white testing, substitute the term wet white for wet blue in the standard.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3897-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Calculation of Basicity of Chrome Tanning Liquors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Basicity is a ratio. In any chromic salt solution, the electrovalence of the chromium (+3) is satisfied by the hydroxyl ions and by acid ions. The extent to which this electravalence is satisfied by the hydroxyl ions, expressed as a percentage, is the basicity. The basicity of a chrome tanning liquid is closely related to the tanning behavior of the solution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to show how the results of the chromium analysis (Test Methods D3898 or D6019) and the acidity determination (Test Method D3913) can be combined to permit calculation of the basicity of a chrome tanning liquor.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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CEN
prEN ISO 25712(Main)
Chemicals for the leather tanning industry - Determination of the total content of melamine (ISO/DIS 25712:2025)
oSIST prEN ISO 25712:2025

This document specifies a method for the determination of melamine in chemicals used in the tanning industry

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SIST
oSIST prEN ISO 25712:2025(Main)
Chemicals for the leather tanning industry - Determination of the total content of melamine (ISO/DIS 25712:2025)
prEN ISO 25712

This document specifies a method for the determination of melamine in chemicals used in the tanning industry

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CEN
EN ISO 27587:2009(Main)
Leather - Chemical tests - Determination of the free formaldehyde in process auxiliaries (ISO 27587:2009)
SIST EN ISO 27587:2010

ISO 27587:2009 specifies a method for the determination of free formaldehyde in process auxiliaries for leather. The analytical result obtained according to this procedure is expressed in milligrams per kilogram sample. The upper limit of quantification of the method is given by the capacity of the cartridge (total carbonyls 6 400 µg/cartridge).

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