ASTM E2691-09

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E2691 – 09
Standard Practice for
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Job Productivity Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Job Productivity Measurement (JPM) measures both construction productivity differential on an
ongoing and periodic basis and average productivity over the life of the construction project.
JPM calculates the ratio of output per unit of input: how much work—Construction Put In Place
(CPIP)—was produced by how many labor hours. Additionally, JPM is an early warning signal for
construction performance. It measures ongoing productivity changes, trends, and anomalies resulting
from changes on a construction jobsite, which enables contractors, project managers, supervisors, and
foremen to react and improve productivity as the construction project unfolds.
1. Scope E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related
1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing
Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
building data, established in Classification E1557, and depend-
E1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings and
ing on the level where measurement is applied (industry, total
Building Systems
job, or building element), JPM measures construction produc-
E2166 PracticeforOrganizingandManagingBuildingData
tivity at three levels: task, project, and industry (shown in Fig.
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
1). By comparing labor hours used against CPIP, JPM allows
Process Control
for unified measurement of established building elements
(according to the UNIFORMAT II format. This practice
3. Terminology
establishes a process for measuring construction job produc-
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in this prac-
tivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP.
tice, refer to Terminology E631 and Terminology E833.
1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installation
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processes on a construction job.
4. Summary of Practice
1.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performing
4.1 This practice is organized as follows:
the installation, utilizing elements of statistical process control
4.1.1 Section 1, Scope—Identifies coverage.
(SPC) and industrial engineering.
4.1.2 Section 2, Referenced Documents—ListsASTM stan-
1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation at
dards referenced in this practice.
any given point on a job.
4.1.3 Section 3, Terminology—Addresses definitions of
1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trend
terms used in this practice.
monitoring.
4.1.4 Section 4, Summary of Practice—Outlines the con-
tents of this practice.
2. Referenced Documents
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4.1.5 Section 5, Significance and Use—Explains signifi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cance of measuring job productivity and of using the JPM
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
practice to do so.
4.1.6 Section 6, Procedure—Lists the steps for conducting
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
JPM.
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
Building Economics. 4.1.7 Section 7, Data Sources andAssumptions—Describes
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. DOI: 10.1520/
raw data used in calculation of JPM.
E2691-09.
4.1.8 Section 8, Calculation of Labor Productivity Refer-
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JPM is based on the application of Job Productivity Assurance and Control
ence Point (LPRP)—Describes calculation of LPRP, using data
(JPAC), which has been used in industry for more than fifteen years, resulting in 20
to 30 % improvement in productivity for contractors using it.
gathered according to Section 7, and with output provided for
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Section 9.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.9 Section 9, Calculation of JPM—Provides algorithms
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
for determining JPM.
the ASTM website.
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E2691 – 09
FIG. 1 Measurement of Productivity at the Industry, Project, and Task Level
4.1.10 Section 10, Report—Describes various types of re- 5.2.1 JPM identifies productivity deviations in the form of
porting output for JPM. any gains or losses in productivity, and anomalies indicating a
4.1.11 Section 11, Applications—Describes where and how
special cause, from the productivity refere
...