ASTM E2103/E2103M-19
(Classification)Standard Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
Standard Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification builds on the concepts and organizational framework first established in Classification E1557. This classification describes bridge elements that are major components of most highway, railroad, and pedestrian bridges. The elemental classification is the common thread linking activities and participants in a bridge project from initial planning through operations, maintenance, and disposal.
Note 1: As this classification refers solely to permanent, physical parts of any construction, two additional classifications, Classifications E2083 and E2168, need to be included when calculating construction cost. These standards provide for the inclusion of construction enabling, temporary, and risk mitigation cost figures. Procedures for reporting all these figures are described in Practices E1804 and E2514 and Classification E2516. While these three latter standards were primarily written for building construction, they are nonetheless appropriate and readily applied to other forms of construction as well.
4.2 The Users of Bridge UNIFORMAT II Include:
4.2.1 Financial and Investment—Typically owners, developers, bankers, lenders, accountants, and financial managers.
4.2.2 Implementation—Primarily project managers; facilities programmers; designers, including engineers; and project controls specialists, including cost planners, estimators, schedulers, specification writers, and risk analysts.
4.2.3 Facilities Management—Comprising property portfolio managers, operating staff, and maintenance staff.
4.2.4 Others—Public officials, manufacturers, educators, students, and other project stakeholders.
4.3 Apply This Classification When Undertaking the Following Work on Bridges:5
4.3.1 Financing and Investing:
4.3.1.1 Structuring costs on an elemental basis for economic evaluations (Guide E1185 and Practices E917, E964, E1057, E1074, E1121, and E1804) early in the design process helps reduce the cost of early financial analysis and ca...
SCOPE
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental classifications. It covers most highway bridges, railroad bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental format similar to the original UNIFORMAT2 building elemental classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range of constructed entities that collectively form the built environment.
1.3 Elements, as defined here and in other UNIFORMAT II Classifications, are major physical components that are common within constructed entities. Elements perform their given function(s), regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used.
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility, planning, and design stages when constructing bridges.
1.5 Using UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications ensures a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction projects over time and from project to project.
1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reporting at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cycle—from feasibility and planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications or for preparing trade estimates.
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to esta...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E2103/E2103M −19
Standard Classification for
1
Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2103/E2103M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope each system shall be used independently of the other, and
values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
classifications. It covers most highway bridges, railroad
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental for-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
mat similar to the original UNIFORMAT building elemental
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of constructed entities that collectively form the built environ-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ment.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Elements, as defined here and in other UNIFORMAT II
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Classifications, are major physical components that are com-
mon within constructed entities. Elements perform their given
2. Referenced Documents
function(s), regardless of the design specification, construction
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method, or materials used.
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings
feasibility, planning, and design stages when constructing
and Building Systems
bridges.
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-
to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
1.5 UsingUNIFORMATIIelementalclassificationsensures
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and
a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction
Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in
projects over time and from project to project.
Buildings and Building Systems
1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reporting
E1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings
at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cycle—from feasibil-
for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
ity and planning through the preparation of working
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback for Investments in
documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and dis-
Buildings and Building Systems
posal.
E1185 Guide for Selecting Economic Methods for Evaluat-
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications
ing Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
or for preparing trade estimates.
E1369 Guide for Selecting Techniques for Treating Uncer-
tainty and Risk in the Economic Evaluation of Buildings
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
and Building Systems
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E1699 Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,
Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
E1804 Practice for Performing and Reporting CostAnalysis
1 During the Design Phase of a Project
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on
Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81
on Building Economics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E2103/E2103M–13. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/E2103_E2103M–19. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The original UNIFORMAT classification was developed jointly by the General Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Services Administration (GSA) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA). th
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2103/E2103M − 13 E2103/E2103M − 19
Standard Classification for
1
Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2103/E2103M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard establishes a classification of bridge elements within the UNIFORMAT II family of elemental classifications.
It covers most highway bridges, railroad bridges, and pedestrian bridges.
2
1.2 UNIFORMAT II classifications have an elemental format similar to the original UNIFORMAT building elemental
classification. However, the title UNIFORMAT II differs from the original in that it now takes into consideration a wide range of
constructed entities that collectively form the built environment.
1.3 Elements, as defined here and in other UNIFORMAT II Classifications, are major physical components that are common
within constructed entities. Elements perform their given function(s), regardless of the design specification, construction method,
or materials used.
1.4 This elemental classification serves as a consistent reference for analysis, evaluation, and monitoring during the feasibility,
planning, and design stages when constructing bridges.
1.5 Using UNIFORMAT II elemental classifications ensures a consistency in the economic evaluation of construction projects
over time and from project to project.
1.6 UNIFORMAT II classifications also enhance reporting at all stages of a constructed entity’s life cycle—from feasibility and
planning through the preparation of working documents, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation, and disposal.
1.7 This classification is unsuitable for process applications or for preparing trade estimates.
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.shall not be combined.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E917 Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and Building Systems
E964 Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems
E1057 Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and
Building Systems
E1074 Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems
1
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013July 1, 2019. Published May 2013September 2019. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 as
E2103 – 11.E2103/E2103M–13. DOI: 10.1520/E2103_E2103M-13.10.1520/E2103_E2103M–19.
2
The original UNIFORMAT classification was developed jointly by the General Services Administration (GSA) and the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2103/E2103M − 19
E1121 Practice for Measuring Payback f
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