ASTM D2889-95(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2889 − 95 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of True Vapor Pressures of Petroleum Distillate
Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method describes the calculation of true vapor
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
pressures of petroleum distillate fuels for which distillation
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
data may be obtained in accordance with Test Method D86
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
without reaching a decomposition point prior to obtaining
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
90% by volume distilled.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 The test method may be used to calculate vapor pres-
sures at temperatures between the 0% equilibrium flash
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature and the critical temperature of the fuel. Provision
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
is included for obtaining a calculated critical temperature for
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
fuels for which it is not known.
D287Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
1.3 Critical pressure-temperature data are usually not avail-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
able for petroleum fuels. However, if both the critical pressure
TemperaturePressureConversionChart(16by20in.draw-
and critical temperature are known, the values shall be used as
ings)
the coordinates in Fig. 1 to establish a critical point to be used
instead of the focal point established as described in 6.5.4; and
3. Summary of Test Method
thecalculationsdescribedin6.5through6.5.4arenotrequired.
3.1 Equilibrium flash vaporization (EFV) temperatures are
If either a determined true boiling point or determined equi-
calculatedfromdistillationdata(TestMethodD86)determined
librium flash vaporization temperature at 0% distilled at
on the sample. The distillation data, calculated EFV data, and
atmospheric pressure is known, the determined value shall be
APIgravityofthesampleareusedwithagraphicalcorrelation
used to establish the lower limit of the bubble-point line
procedure to obtain two pairs of temperature-pressure coordi-
referred to in 6.4.
natesthroughwhichthebubble-pointlineofthephasediagram
1.4 The method is not reliable for distillate fuels having a
for the sample may be drawn. The calculated true vapor
boiling range of less than 100°F (38°C) between the Test
pressure at a specified temperature is obtained by reading the
Method D86 10% by volume and 90% by volume distilled
pressure at the intersection of the bubble-point line and
temperatures.
specified temperature.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
NOTE1—Detailsoftheprocedureanddatasubstantiatingitsvalidityfor
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
establishing equilibrium flash vaporization temperatures have been pub-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
lished.
and are not considered standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The true vapor pressure of a distillate fuel is a relative
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measurement,bothofthetendencyofthemostvolatileportion
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum the ASTM website.
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
mittee D02.04.0K on Correlative Methods. ADJD2889. Original adjunct produced in 1987.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally Edmister, W. C., and Okamoto, K. K., “Applied Hydrocarbon
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2889–95 (2015). Thermodynamics, Part 12: Equilibrium Flash Vaporization Correlations for Petro-
DOI: 10.1520/D2889-95R19. leum Fractions,” Petroleum Refiner, PEREA, Vol 38, No. 8, 1959, p. 117.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2889 − 95 (2019)
FIG. 1 Test Method D86 Distillation Temperature and Equalization Flash Vaporization Temperature Pressure Conversion Chart
of the fuel to gasify, and of the restraining pressure required to 6.2 Calculate the differences between the Test Method D86
prevent gasification of the most volatile portion. Thus the IBP and 10% by volume, the 10% by volume and 30% by
measurement is of importance when a fuel is to be utilized in volume, and the 30% by volume and 50% by volume
applications where no gasification may be tolerated, and temperatures. Using these differences, obtain to the nearest
temperature-pressure conditions are expected to be near the 1°F, the temperature differences between corresponding EFV
true vapor pressure of the fuel. percentages from Fig. 3.
6.3 Calculate the EFV zero volume percent temperature by
5. Data Requirements
subtracting the sum of the three differences obtained from Fig.
5.1 Distillation temperatures at the initial boiling point
3, from the EFV 50% by volume temperature calculated in
(IBP)and10%byvolume,30%byvolume,50%byvolume,
accordance with 6.1.
70% by volume, and 90% by volume distilled obtained in
3,5
6.4 PlotapointonFig.1 atthecoordinates,14.7psiaand
accordance with Test Method D86.
thecalculatedEFV0%temperature.Thispointestablishesthe
5.2 APIgravitydeterminedinaccordancewithTestMethod
lower end of the phase boundary line commonly referred to as
D287, or a method of equivalent accuracy.
the bubble-point line. If the EFV 0% temperature at atmo-
spheric pressure has been measured, use the measured value
6. Procedure
instead of the calculated value.
6.1 Calculatethe10/70slope,°F/%,oftheTestMethodD86
6.5 Use the following procedure and the curves on the right
distillation using the 10% by volume and 70% by volume
portion of Fig. 1 to obtain coordinates for the upper end, or
distilled temperature. Using this slope and the Test Method
focal point, of the bubble-point line. If both the critical
D86 50% by volume distilled temperature, obtain to the
temperature and critical pressure of the fuel are known, the
nearest 61°Fatemperaturedifference,°F,fromFig.2.Add°F
to the Method D86 50% by volume temperature to obtain the
equilibrium flash vaporization (EFV) 50% by volume tem- 1
PrecisionofthetestmethodasgiveninSection6wasobtainedusing8 ⁄2in.by
perature. 11in. charts and should be improved using the 16in. by 20in. charts.
D2889 − 95 (2019)
6.7 Obtain the calculated true vapor pressure psia, at any
specifiedtemperaturebelowthecriticaltemperaturebyreading
the vertical pressure scale of Fig. 1
...