ASTM D1401-12e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8 mm2/s to 90 mm2/s at 40 °C, this test method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 °C ± 1 °C when testing products more viscous than 90 mm2/s at 40 °C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D2711 is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25 °C may also be used. A1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.
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Designation: D1401 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Subsection 11.1 was corrected editorially in October 2015.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
2 2
viscosities of 28.8 mm /s to 90 mm /s at 40 °C, this test D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
method may be used to test oils of other types having various Water
viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of
82 °C 6 1 °C when testing products more viscous than Lubricating Oils
2
90 mm /s at 40 °C. For higher viscosity oils where there is D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D2711 is Petroleum Products
3
recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25 °C may also
2.2 ISO Standards:
be used. A1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic
BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use –
seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing
Specification and test methods
certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities
are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but
3.1 A test specimen consisting of a 40 mL sample and a
it should be noted that the water will probably float on the
40 mL quantity of distilled water, or 1 % sodium chloride
emulsion or liquid.
(NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater are stirred for 5 min in a
graduated cylinder at 54 °C or 82 °C, depending upon the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
viscosityofthetestspecimenorsamplespecification.Thetime
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
required for the separation of the emulsion thus formed is
standard.
recorded either after every 5 min or at the specification time
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
limit. If complete separation or emulsion reduction to 3 mL or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
less does not occur after standing for 30 min or some other
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specificationtimelimit,thevolumesofoil(orfluid),water,and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
warning statements, see Section 6.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Subcommittee D02.C0 on Turbine Oils. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1401–10. DOI: la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
10.1520/D1401-12E01. www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1401 − 12
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4. Significance and Use where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
water separation characteristics of oils subject to water con-
accuracy of the determination.
tamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new
6.2 Reagent Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
oils and monitoring of in-se
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1401 − 12 D1401 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Subsection 11.1 was corrected editorially in October 2015.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although
2 2
developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8–90 mm28.8 mm /s to 90 mm /s at 40°C,40 °C, this test
method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is
recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 8282 °C 6 1°C1 °C when testing products more viscous than 90
2
mm90 mm /s at 40°C.40 °C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D2711 is
recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25°C25 °C may also be used. A1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic
seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it
should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A test specimen consisting of a 40-mL40 mL sample and a 40-mL40 mL quantity of distilled water, or 1%1 % sodium
chloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater are stirred for 5 min 5 min in a graduated cylinder at 54°C54 °C or 82°C,82 °C,
depending upon the viscosity of the test specimen or sample specification. The time required for the separation of the emulsion
thus formed is recorded either after every 5 min 5 min or at the specification time limit. If complete separation or emulsion
reduction to 3 mL 3 mL or less does not occur after standing for 30 min 30 min or some other specification time limit, the volumes
of oil (or fluid), water, and emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
Current edition approved May 15, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1401–10. DOI:
10.1520/D1401-12.10.1520/D1401-12E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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D1401 − 12
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determin
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