ASTM D7155-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The compatibility of oils can be important for users of oil-lubricated equipment. Mixing of two oils can produce a substance markedly inferior to either of its constituent materials. One or more of the following can occur:
5.1.1 A mixture of incompatible oils most often forms a precipitate. The precipitate will form unwanted deposits in the lubrication system, plug filters, and oil passageways.
5.1.2 A mixture of incompatible oils will sometimes exhibit degradation of certain performance parameters like demulsibility, foam inhibition oxidation stability, rust protection ability, or antiwear protection ability.
5.1.3 A mixture of incompatible oils will sometimes exhibit non-miscibility of the base oils with each other.
5.1.4 Such incompatibilities can lead to catastrophic equipment failures.
5.2 To minimize the chances of these problems occurring, lubricant suppliers recommend evaluating compatibility of lubricating oil of different formulations and sources prior to mixing. Equipment users most often do not have the resources to evaluate oil compatibility and must rely on their suppliers. Mixing of oils without first determining the compatibility is a highly imprudent practice.
5.3 Although new turbine oils may be compatible, in-service oil of the same type may be degraded or contaminated to such an extent that the new oil added may not be compatible with the system oil. In-service oil compatibility with new oil additions should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
5.4 The oxidation resistance of different oils of the same type can vary widely, and compatibility does not imply equivalent performance without oxidation performance testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of turbine lubricating oils as defined by Specification D4304. The methods compare properties of specific mixtures with those of the neat oils after storage at specified conditions.
1.2 The methods are grouped into four tiers of testing types:
1.2.1 Tier 1—Visual appearance
1.2.2 Tier 2—Interfacial properties
1.2.3 Tier 3—Physical and chemical properties
1.2.4 Tier 4—Specific performance properties
1.3 The methods can be used to evaluate new (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of adding new (unused) lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system.
1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention characteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shear stability of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be evaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required.
1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated using the Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing protocol. Sequential or concurrent testing is continued by applying tests from Tier 3 or Tier 4 until the test requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this practice has been met. If any mixture fails the methods, the oils are considered incompatible by that method. If all mixtures pass the methods, the oils are considered compatible by those methods. It is recommended that passing only Tier 1 does not adequately test for fluid compatibility.
1.6 If the mixture passes Tier 1, it shows two oils are visually compatible only. If the mixture passes Tier 1 and 2, it shows two oils are visually and interfacially compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2 and 3, it shows two oils are visually, interfacially, physically, and chemically compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2, 3, 4, it shows two oils are compatible with the highest confidence level. Testing each tier level is giving the user more confidence that the two fluids are compatible.
1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils having characteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested test methods. If the scope of a specific test method limits testing to those oils within a specified range of properties, oils outside that ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7155 − 20
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating
1
Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* with the highest confidence level. Testing each tier level is
giving the user more confidence that the two fluids are
1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of
compatible.
turbine lubricating oils as defined by Specification D4304. The
1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils having
methods compare properties of specific mixtures with those of
characteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested test
the neat oils after storage at specified conditions.
methods. If the scope of a specific test method limits testing to
1.2 The methods are grouped into four tiers of testing types:
those oils within a specified range of properties, oils outside
1.2.1 Tier 1—Visual appearance
that range cannot be tested for compatibility by that test
1.2.2 Tier 2—Interfacial properties
method.
1.2.3 Tier 3—Physical and chemical properties
1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibility
1.2.4 Tier 4—Specific performance properties
of different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intended
1.3 The methods can be used to evaluate new (unused)
to evaluate such mixtures for lubrication performance. The
lubricant compatibility or the effects of adding new (unused)
user is advised to consult with suppliers in these situations.
lubricant to in-service lubricant in the system.
1.9 This practice does not purport to cover all test methods
1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention
that could be employed.
characteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shear
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
stability of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
(AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
evaluated, further testing of these parameters may be required.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated using
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing protocol. Sequential or concurrent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
testingiscontinuedbyapplyingtestsfromTier3orTier4until
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the test requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
practicehasbeenmet.Ifanymixturefailsthemethods,theoils
1.12 This international standard was developed in accor-
are considered incompatible by that method. If all mixtures
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
pass the methods, the oils are considered compatible by those
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
methods. It is recommended that passing only Tier 1 does not
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
adequately test for fluid compatibility.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.6 If the mixture passes Tier 1, it shows two oils are Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
visually compatible only. If the mixture passes Tier 1 and 2, it
2. Referenced Documents
shows two oils are visually and interfacially compatible. If the
2
mixture passes Tier 1, 2 and 3, it shows two oils are visually, 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
interfacially, physically, and chemically compatible. If the
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
mixture passes Tier 1, 2, 3, 4, it shows two oils are compatible
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
2
mittee D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D7155 – 18. DOI: Standar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7155 − 18 D7155 − 20
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating
1
Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the compatibility of mixtures of turbine lubricating oils as defined by Specification D4304. The
methods compare properties of specific mixtures with those of the neat oils after storage at specified conditions.
1.2 The methods are grouped into four tiers of testing types:
1.2.1 Tier 1—Visual appearance
1.2.2 Tier 2—Interfacial properties
1.2.3 Tier 3—Physical and chemical properties
1.2.4 Tier 4—Specific performance properties
1.3 The methods can be used to evaluate new (unused) lubricant compatibility or the effects of adding new (unused) lubricant
to in-service lubricant in the system.
1.4 This practice does not evaluate the wear prevention characteristics, load carrying capacity, or the mechanical shear stability
of lubricants mixtures while in service. If anti-wear (AW), extreme pressure (EP), or shear stability are to be evaluated, further
testing of these parameters may be required.
1.5 Mixtures of the two constituent oils are evaluated using the Tier 1 and Tier 2 testing protocol. Sequential or concurrent
testing is continued by applying tests from Tier 3 or Tier 4 until the test requestor or user is satisfied that the intent of this practice
has been met. If any mixture fails the methods, the oils are considered incompatible by that method. If all mixtures pass the
methods, the oils are considered compatible by those methods. It is recommended that passing only Tier 1 does not adequately test
for fluid compatibility.
1.6 If the mixture passes Tier 1, it shows two oils are visually compatible only. If the mixture passes Tier 1 and 2, it shows two
oils are visually and interfacially compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2 and 3, it shows two oils are visually, interfacially,
physically, and chemically compatible. If the mixture passes Tier 1, 2, 3, 4, it shows two oils are compatible with the highest
confidence level. Testing each tier level is giving the user more confidence that the two fluids are compatible.
1.7 This practice applies only to lubricating oils having characteristics suitable for evaluation by the suggested test methods.
If the scope of a specific test method limits testing to those oils within a specified range of properties, oils outside that range cannot
be tested for compatibility by that test method.
1.8 This practice may be used to evaluate the compatibility of different types and grades of oil. However, it is not intended to
evaluate such mixtures for lubrication performance. The user is advised to consult with suppliers in these situations.
1.9 This practice does not purport to cover all test methods that could be employed.
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided
for information only and are not considered standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.C0.01 on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018May 1, 2020. Published August 2018June 2020. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20112018 as
D7155 – 11.D7155 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D7155-18.10.1520/D7155-20.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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