ASTM D3597-95a

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3597 – 95a
Standard Specification for
Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 16 Colorfastness to Light
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements
107 Colorfastness to Water
for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery fabrics as used in
116 Colorfastness to Crocking:
the manufacture of new indoor furniture. These requirements
Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
apply to both the warp and filling directions for those factors
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High
where each fabric direction is pertinent.
Humidities
1.2 This specification is not applicable to fabrics used in
Gray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1
porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted fabrics, bonded
Chromatic Transference Scale, Evaluation Procedure 3
or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics (such as vinyls
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered
and urethanes).
Furniture Fabrics
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Guides for the Household Furniture Industry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.3 Federal Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.4 Military Standard:
2. Referenced Documents
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
spection by Attributes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the
D 434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
D 1175 Method of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
3 3. Terminology
(Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion)
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,
D 1424 Test Method for Tear Resistance of Woven Fabrics
refer to Terminology D 123. Definitions found in a dictionary
by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus
of common terms are suitable for terms used in this specifica-
D 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
tion.
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)
4. Significance and Use
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
for Textiles
supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics
2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may
8 Colorfastness to Crocking:
find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the
Crockmeter Method
requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the
requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM committee D-13 on
Textiles, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.56 on Performance
Standards for Textile Fabrics.
Issued in 1969 by the National Association of Furniture Manufacturers and the
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published March 1996. Originally
National Retail Furniture Association. Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-
published as D 3597 – 77. Last previous edition D 3597 – 95.
ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis-
Discontinued—Replaced by D 4157 and D 4158 in Annual Book of ASTM sion, Washington, DC 20580.
Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
5 9
AATCC Technical Manual, available from the American Association of Textile Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3597
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Characteristics Requirements Section
Breaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 7.1
Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 7.2
Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 7.3
A
Surface abrasion
Light-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Dimensional change:
Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 7.5
2.0% gain, max
B
Colorfastness to:
C D
Water, Color Change class 4, min 7.6
C D
Solvent, Color Change class 4, min 7.7
D
Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles class 4, min 7.8
Crocking:
E
Dry class 4, min 7.9
E
Wet class 3, min 7.9
D
Light-40 AATCC Fading Units class 4, min 7.10
D
Ozone 1 cycle class 4, min 7.11
Retention of hand, character, and appearance pass 7.12
Durability of back coating pass 7.13
Flammability pass 7.14
FTC Requirements pass 7.15
A
For guideline purposes—See Note 4.
B
Class in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible for no colorchange or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change or color
transfer.
C
For guidelines purposes—See Section 7.6.2.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
E
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. procedures in Practice D 2905 to determine the number of
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specimens, such that the user may expect at the 95 % prob-
specify that: This fabric meets ASTM Specification D 3597 ability level that the test result is no more than 5 % of the
except for the following characteristic(s). average above or below the true average that is, a theoretical
4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached average from an infinite number of observations when using a
between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of reliable estimate of variability of individual observations on
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to similar materials in the user’s laboratory under conditions of
be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer single operator precision.
demands dictate varying performance parameters for any
6. Specification Requirements
particular style of fabric.
4.4 The significance and uses of particular properties and
6.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,
test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-
specified test methods.
ments in Table 1.
5. Sampling
7. Test Methods (See Note 1)
5.1 Tests shall be performed on the fabric as it will reach the
7.1 Breaking Strength—Determine the dry breaking force in
consumer.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
5.2 Select the lot samples as specified in the applicable test
Method D 5034, using a constant rate of traverse (CRT) tensile
methods. In the absence of such instructions in a specific test
testing machine with the speed of the pulling clamp at 300 6
method, select the lot sample as agreed by the purchaser and
10 mm (12 6 ⁄2 in.)/min.
the seller.
NOTE 2—If preferred, the use of a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
5.2.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
tensile testing machine is permitted. The crosshead speed should be as
take at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicable
agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. However, in case of
specification of other agreement between the purchaser and the
controversy the CRT method shall prevail.
supplier, such as an agreement to use MIL-STD-105D.
7.2 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength in accor-
5.2.2 Laboratory Sample—From each roll or piece in the lot
dance with Test Method D 2262.
sample, cut two laboratory samples the full width of the fabric
NOTE 3—If preferred, use of Test Method D 1424 is permitted with
and at least 375 mm (15 in.) along the selvage.
existing requirements as given in this standard. However, in case of
5.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an
controversy, Test Method D 2262 shall prevail.
applicable material specification, take the number of specimens
as directed in each of the applicable test methods. 7.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:
5.3.1 If there has been no prior agreement and the test 7.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-
method does not specify the number of specimens, use the dance with Test Method D 434. Regardless of the disclaimer
D 3597
found in 1.2 of Test Method D 434, this procedure is applicable 7.5.2.1 Mark 12 by 12-in. (305 by 305-mm) test specimens
with the following modifications. with sets of three 10-in. (254-mm) gage distances in both the
7.3.2 Sew the seam using a minimum of seven and a warp and the filling directions.
maximum of eight stitc
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