ASTM D3597-95a(2001)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics-Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
Standard Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics-Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery fabrics as used in the manufacture of new indoor furniture. These requirements apply to both the warp and filling directions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.
1.2 This specification is not applicable to fabrics used in porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted fabrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics (such as vinyls and urethanes).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 3597 – 95a (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3597; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Crockmeter Method
16 Colorfastness to Light
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements
23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
for plain, tufted, or flocked woven upholstery fabrics as used in
107 Colorfastness to Water
the manufacture of new indoor furniture. These requirements
116 Colorfastness to Crocking:
apply to both the warp and filling directions for those factors
Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
where each fabric direction is pertinent.
129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere Under High
1.2 This specification is not applicable to fabrics used in
Humidities
porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor for knitted fabrics, bonded
Gray Scale for Color Change, Evaluation Procedure 1
or laminated fabrics, or surface-coated fabrics (such as vinyls
Chromatic Transference Scale, Evaluation Procedure 3
and urethanes).
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Furniture Fabrics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Guides for the Household Furniture Industry
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.3 Federal Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulation
2. Referenced Documents
2.4 Military Standard:
MIL-STD-105D Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
spection by Attributes
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 434 Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this standard give only the
Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
D 1175 Method of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
(Oscillatory Cylinder and Uniform Abrasion)
3. Terminology
D 1424 Test Method for Tear Resistance of Woven Fabrics
3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this specification,
by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus
refer to Terminology D 123. Definitions found in a dictionary
D 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven Fabrics
of common terms are suitable for terms used in this specifica-
by the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-
tion.
Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)
D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens
4. Significance and Use
for Textiles
4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
supplier, woven fabrics intended for this end use should meet
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
2.2 AATCC Test Methods:
4.2 Itisrecognizedthatforpurposesoffashionoraesthetics
8 Colorfastness to Crocking:
the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings. Issued in 1969 by the NationalAssociation of Furniture Manufacturers and the
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published March 1996. Originally National Retail FurnitureAssociation.Available from Home Furniture Manufactur-
published as D 3597 – 77. Last previous edition D 3597 – 95. ers Assn., P. O. Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commis-
Discontinued—Replaced by D 4157 and D 4158 in Annual Book of ASTM sion, Washington, DC 20580.
Standards, Vol 07.01. Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02. Office, Washington, DC 20402.
5 9
AATCC Technical Manual, available from theAmericanAssociation of Textile AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 3597 – 95a (2001)
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
Characteristics Requirements Section
Breaking strength (load) 222 N (50 lbf), min 7.1
Tongue tear strength 27 N (6 lbf), min 7.2
Resistance to yarn slippage 111 N (25 lbf), min 7.3
A
Surface abrasion
Light-duty 3000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Medium-duty 9000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Heavy-duty 15,000 cycles (double rubs), min 7.4
Dimensional change:
Warp or filling 5.0% shrinkage, max to 7.5
2.0% gain, max
B
Colorfastness to:
C D
Water, Color Change class 4, min 7.6
C D
Solvent, Color Change class 4, min 7.7
D
Burnt gas fumes-2 cycles class 4, min 7.8
Crocking:
E
Dry class 4, min 7.9
E
Wet class 3, min 7.9
D
Light-40 AATCC Fading Units class 4, min 7.10
D
Ozone 1 cycle class 4, min 7.11
Retention of hand, character, and appearance pass 7.12
Durability of back coating pass 7.13
Flammability pass 7.14
FTC Requirements pass 7.15
A
For guideline purposes—See Note 4.
B
Class in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scale of 5 for negligible for no colorchange or color transfer to 1 for very severe color change or color
transfer.
C
For guidelines purposes—See Section 7.6.2.
D
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
E
AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.
find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the 5.3 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an
requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the applicablematerialspecification,takethenumberofspecimens
requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual as directed in each of the applicable test methods.
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 5.3.1 If there has been no prior agreement and the test
method does not specify the number of specimens, use the
4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall
procedures in Practice D 2905 to determine the number of
specify that: This fabric meets ASTM Specification D 3597
specimens, such that the user may expect at the 95 % prob-
except for the following characteristic(s).
ability level that the test result is no more than 5 % of the
4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached
average above or below the true average that is, a theoretical
between the purchaser and the supplier, and in case of
average from an infinite number of observations when using a
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to
reliable estimate of variability of individual observations on
be used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumer
similar materials in the user’s laboratory under conditions of
demands dictate varying performance parameters for any
single operator precision.
particular style of fabric.
4.4 The significance and uses of particular properties and
6. Specification Requirements
test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
6.1 The properties of woven upholstery fabrics (plain,
specified test methods.
tufted, or flocked) shall conform to the specification require-
ments in Table 1.
5. Sampling
7. Test Methods (See Note 1)
5.1 Testsshallbeperformedonthefabricasitwillreachthe
7.1 BreakingStrength—Determinethedrybreakingforcein
consumer.
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
5.2 Select the lot samples as specified in the applicable test
Method D 5034, using a constant rate of traverse (CRT) tensile
methods. In the absence of such instructions in a specific test
testing machine with the speed of the pulling clamp at 300 6
method, select the lot sample as agreed by the purchaser and
10 mm (12 6 ⁄2 in.)/min.
the seller.
NOTE 2—If preferred, the use of a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE)
5.2.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing,
tensile testing machine is permitted. The crosshead speed should be as
take at random the number of rolls as directed in an applicable
agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. However, in case of
specification of other agreement between the purchaser and the
controversy the CRT method shall prevail.
supplier, such as an agreement to use MIL-STD-105D.
7.2 Tear Strength—Determine the tear strength in accor-
5.2.2 LaboratorySample—Fromeachrollorpieceinthelot
dance with Test Method D 2262.
sample, cut two laboratory samples the full width of the fabric
and at least 375 mm (15 in.) along the selvage. NOTE 3—If preferred, use of Test Method D 1424 is permitted with
D 3597 – 95a (2001)
existing requirements as given in this standard. However, in case of
7.5.1 Determine dimensional change in accordance with
controversy, Test Method D 2262 shall prevail.
Specifications Standards Test Procedures for Upholstered Fur-
niture Fabrics, as follows:
7.3 Resistance to Yarn Slippage:
7.3.1 Determine the resistance to yarn slippage in accor-
NOTE 6—Test is not relevant if fabric is to be labeled “clean with
dance with Test Method D 434. Regardless of the disclaimer
solvent only.”
foundin1.2ofTestMethodD 434,thisprocedureisapplicable
7.5.2 Procedure:
with the following modifications.
7.5.2.1 Mark 12 by 12-in. (305 by 305-mm) tes
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