ASTM D86-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.
The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D86–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
ucts (Reid Method)
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
Petroleum Products
determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
such products as light and middle distillates, automotive
Petroleum Products
spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, avia-
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
tionturbinefuels,1-Dand2-Ddieselfuels,biodieselblendsup
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas,
ucts (Automatic Method)
white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
ucts (Mini Method)
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
quantities of residual material.
Volatility Measurement
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
instruments.
(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
D 5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses
(Automatic Tilt Method)
are provided for information only.
D 5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(Rotational Method)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Lubricants
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
2. Referenced Documents E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
mometers
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
E 1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cyl-
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
inders
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
E 1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
Flasks
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
3
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
required.
2
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure—Reid Method
2.2 ASTM Standards:
IP 123 Petroleum Products—Determination of Distillation
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Characteristics
IP 394 Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
and Related Products 1996—Appendix A
D02.08 on Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
3. Terminology
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
3.1 Definitions:
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 86–07b.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
the ASTM website. U.K., http://www.energyinst.org.uk.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D86–08
TABLE 1 Preparation of Apparatus and Specimen
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Grou
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D86–07b Designation:D86–08
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
determinequantitativelytheboilingrangecharacteristicsofsuchproductsaslightandmiddledistillates,automotivespark-ignition
engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D
and 2-D diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and
Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition of
the standards indicated below, unless otherwise specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlier
versions of the method(s) identified may be required.
2
2.2 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method)
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)
D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
D 5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)
D 5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Rotational Method)
D 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Thermometers
E 1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cylinders
E 1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation Flasks
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123. It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2007.2008. Published JanuaryDecember 2008. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
D86–07a.D 86–07b.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D86–08
3
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure—Reid Method
IP 123 Petroleum Products—Determination of Distillation Characteristics
IP 394 Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure
IP Standard Met
...
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