ASTM D5580-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, <emph type="ital"> p/m</emph>-Xylene, <emph type="ital">o</emph>-Xylene, C<inf>9</inf> and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Regulations limiting the concentration of benzene and the total aromatic content of finished gasoline have been established for 1995 and beyond in order to reduce the ozone reactivity and toxicity of automotive evaporative and exhaust emissions. Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.
5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C9 and heavier aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography.
1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without interferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Nonaromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of the C9 and heavier aromatics. For the C8 aromatics, p-xylene and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene are separated. The C9 and heavier aromatics are determined as a single group.
1.3 This test method covers the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics: benzene, 0.1 % to 5 %; toluene, 1 % to 15 %; individual C8 aromatics, 0.5 % to 10 %; total C9 and heavier aromatics, 5 % to 30 %, and total aromatics, 10 % to 80 %.
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % by either mass or by liquid volume.
1.5 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting for benzene based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test Method D5580 alternative to Test Method D3606. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the benzene concentration range from 0.0 % to 2.31 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580. The applicable Test Method D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0 % to 2.38 % by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.
1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total aromatics reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible Test Method D5580 alternative to Test Method D5769. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation(s) is only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration range from 5.4 % to 31.6 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580 and a distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, as measured by Test Method D86 is in the range of 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.4 °F to 385.9 °F).
1.6.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is from 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T95, at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method D86 ranged from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.4 °F to 385.9 °F).
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section for spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) for benzene reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible Test Method D5580 alternative to Test Method D5769. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation for benzene is applicable in the test method inclusive valid reporting concentration ranges, as determined from Practice D6708 data set and precision working limits of Test Method D5580, from 0.08 % to 2.34 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580.
1.8 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase octane, do not interfere with the a...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5580 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-
Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier Aromatics, and Total
9
1
Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tween Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a
possible Test Method D5580 alternative to Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene,
D5769. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation(s) is
toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C and heavier aromatics,
9
only applicable for fuels in the total aromatic concentration
and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chroma-
range from 5.4 % to 31.6 % by volume as measured by Test
tography.
Method D5580 and a distillation temperature T , at which
95
1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without inter-
95 % of the sample has evaporated, as measured by Test
ferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Non-
Method D86 is in the range of 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.4 °F
aromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than
to 385.9 °F).
n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of
1.6.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total
the C and heavier aromatics. For the C aromatics, p-xylene
9 8
aromatics is from 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by
and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene are
Test Method D5769 and the distillation temperature T ,at
95
separated. The C and heavier aromatics are determined as a
9
which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested
single group.
according to Test Method D86 ranged from 149.1 °C to
1.3 This test method covers the following concentration
196.6 °C (300.4 °F to 385.9 °F).
ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics:
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section for
benzene, 0.1 % to 5 %; toluene, 1 % to 15 %; individual C
8
spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) for benzene reporting
aromatics, 0.5 % to 10 %; total C and heavier aromatics, 5 %
9
based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test
to 30 %, and total aromatics, 10 % to 80 %.
Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible Test
1.4 Resultsarereportedtothenearest0.01 %byeithermass
MethodD5580alternativetoTestMethodD5769.ThePractice
or by liquid volume.
D6708 derived correlation equation for benzene is applicable
1.5 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S.
in the test method inclusive valid reporting concentration
EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting for ben-
ranges, as determined from Practice D6708 data set and
zene based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between
precision working limits of Test Method D5580, from 0.08 %
Test Method D5580 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test
to 2.34 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580.
MethodD5580alternativetoTestMethodD3606.ThePractice
1.8 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added
D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels
to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase
in the benzene concentration range from 0.0 % to 2.31 % by
octane,donotinterferewiththeanalysis.Etherssuchasmethyl
volume as measured by Test Method D5580. The applicable
Test Method D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0 % to 2.38 % tert-butylether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butylether (ETBE), tert-
amylmethylether (TAME), and diisopropylether (DIPE) have
by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.
been found to elute from the precolumn with the nonaromatic
1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S.
hydrocarbons to vent. Other oxygenates, including methanol
EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total aromatics
and ethanol elute before benzene and the aromatic hydrocar-
reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment be-
bons. 1-Methylcyclopentene has also been found to elute from
the precolumn to vent and does not interfere with benzene.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
standard.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
1.9.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for
app
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5580 − 15 (Reapproved 2020) D5580 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-
Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier Aromatics, and Total
9
1
Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C and heavier aromatics, and total
9
aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography.
1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without interferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Nonaromatic
hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of the C and heavier
9
aromatics. For the C aromatics, p-xylene and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene are separated. The C and
8 9
heavier aromatics are determined as a single group.
1.3 This test method covers the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics: benzene, 0.1 %
to 5 %; toluene, 1 % to 15 %; individual C aromatics, 0.5 % to 10 %; total C and heavier aromatics, 5 % to 30 %, and total
8 9
aromatics, 10 % to 80 %.
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % by either mass or by liquid volume.
1.5 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations reporting for benzene
based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D3606 as a possible Test Method
D5580 alternative to Test Method D3606. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation is only applicable for fuels in the
benzene concentration range from 0.0 % to 2.31 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580. The applicable Test Method
D3606 range for benzene is from 0.0 % to 2.38 % by volume as reported by Test Method D3606.
1.6 This test method includes a relative bias section for U.S. EPA spark-ignition engine fuel regulations for total aromatics
reporting based on Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible Test
Method D5580 alternative to Test Method D5769. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation(s) is only applicable for fuels
in the total aromatic concentration range from 5.4 % to 31.6 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580 and a distillation
temperature T , at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, as measured by Test Method D86 is in the range of 149.1 °C to
95
196.6 °C (300.4 °F to 385.9 °F).
1.6.1 The applicable Test Method D5769 range for total aromatics is from 3.7 % to 29.4 % by volume as reported by Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
Current edition approved June 1, 2020April 1, 2021. Published July 2020April 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20152020 as
D5580 – 15.D5580 – 15 (2020). DOI: 10.1520/D5580-15R20.10.1520/D5580-21.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5580 − 21
D5769 and the distillation temperature T , at which 95 % of the sample has evaporated, when tested according to Test Method
95
D86 ranged from 149.1 °C to 196.6 °C (300.4 °F to 385.9 °F).
1.7 This test method includes a relative bias section for spark-ignition engine fuels (gasolines) for benzene reporting based on
Practice D6708 accuracy assessment between Test Method D5580 and Test Method D5769 as a possible Test Method D5580
alternative to Test Method D5769. The Practice D6708 derived correlation equation for benzene is applicable in the test method
inclusive valid reporting concentration ranges, as determined from Practice D6708 data set and precision working limits of Test
Method D5580, from 0.08 % to 2.34 % by volume as measured by Test Method D5580.
1.8 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase octane,
do no
...
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