ASTM D975-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ABSTRACT
This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are: Grade No. 1-D S15; Grade No. 1-D S500; Grade No. 1-D S5000; Grade No. 2-D S15; Grade No. 2-D S500; Grade No. 2-D S5000; and Grade No. 4-D. The requirements specified for diesel fuel oils shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods: flash point; cloud point; water and sediment; carbon residue; ash; distillation; viscosity; sulfur; copper corrosion; cetane number; cetane index; aromaticity; lubricity; and conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.2
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.2
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.2
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.2
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1: A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuels is given in X1.2.
Note 2: The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously because the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
Note 3: The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuels. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D975 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuels is
1. Scope*
given in X1.2.
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel
NOTE 2—The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades
by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously
suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are
because the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions
described as follows:
were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle
“regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in
fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than the previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low
2
Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—A special-purpose, light middle 1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of
2
delivery.
that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light
of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more
middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications
restrictive.
requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher
volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle dis-
problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuels. For more information on
the subject, see Guide D4865.
tillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel
with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2
in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle standard.
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
load.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions
2. Referenced Documents
of varying speed and load.
3
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
diesel engines in applications involving predominantly con-
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
stant speed and load.
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
3
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D975 – 22a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D0975-23. contact ASTM Customer
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D975 − 22a D975 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Diesel Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described
as follows:
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with
2
15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel
2
with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel
with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15
2
ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with
2
500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with
5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed diesel
engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
NOTE 1—A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuels is given in X1.2.
NOTE 2—The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously because the
number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfur
grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade system
and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022Aug. 15, 2023. Published December 2022September 2023. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2022
as D975 – 22.D975 – 22a. DOI: 10.1520/D0975-22A.10.1520/D0975-23.
2
This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80—Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: Heavy–Duty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel Fuel
Sulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Later Calendar
Years.1090 – Regulation of Fuels, Fuel Additives, and Regulated Blendstocks; effective January 1, 2021.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D975 − 23
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required
properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
NOTE 3—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuels. For more information on the
subject, see Guide D4865.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No o
...
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