ASTM D7296-18

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Designation: D7296 − 12 D7296 − 18
Standard Practice for
Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Dry Wipe
Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of
Beryllium and Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7296; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the collection of settled dust containing beryllium and/orand beryllium compounds on surfaces using
the dry wipe sampling method. method, or both. These samples are collected in a manner that will permit subsequent extraction
and determination of beryllium and compounds in the wipes using laboratory analysis techniques such as atomic spectrometry or
fluorescence detection.
1.2 This practice is limited in its scope to applications where wetted wipe sampling (using Practice D6966) or vacuum sampling
(using Practice D7144) is not physically feasible (for example, if the surface to be wiped would be compromised by use of wetted
wipes).
1.3 This practice does not address the sampling design criteria (that is, sampling plan which includes the number and location
of samples) that are used for clearance, hazard evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes. To provide for valid conclusions,
sufficient numbers of samples should be obtained as directed by a sampling plan. Additional guidance is provided in Guide D7659.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D6966 Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Determination of Metals
D7144 Practice for Collection of Surface Dust by Micro-vacuum Sampling for Subsequent Metals Determination
D7659 Guide for Strategies for Surface Sampling of Metals and Metalloids for Worker Protection
D7707 Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Beryllium in Surface Dust
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms not listed here, see Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 batch, n—a group of field or quality control (QC) samples that are collected or processed together at the same time using
the same reagents and equipment.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Air Quality.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2018. Published May 2012November 2018. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
D7296 – 06.D7296 – 12. DOI:10.1520/D7296-12.DOI:10.1520/D7296-18.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7296 − 18
3.2.2 sampling location, n—a specific area within a sampling site that is subjected to sample collection. D6966
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
Multiple sampling locations are commonly designated for a single sampling site (see 3.2.3).
3.2.3 sampling site, n—a local geographic area that contains the sampling locations (see 3.2.2). D6966
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
A sampling site is generally limited to an area that is easily covered by walking.
3.2.2 dry wipe, n—a suitable non-wetted wiping medium.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
These are to be distinguished from wipes as defined in Practice D6966 and Specification D7707, which are wet wipes.
3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.3.1 field blank, n—a dry wipe (see 3.2.43.2.2) that is exposed to the same handling as field samples except that no sample is
collected (no surface is actually wiped).
3.3.1.1 Discussion—
Analysis results from field blanks provide information on the analyte background level in the dry wipe, combined with the potential
contamination experienced by samples collected within the batch (see 3.2.1) resulting from handling.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Wipe samples of settled dust are collected on surfaces from areas of known dimensions with dry wipes satisfying certain
requirements, using a specified pattern of wiping.
4.2 The collected dry wipes are then ready for subsequent sample preparation and analysis for the measurement of beryllium
and compounds.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is intended for the collection of settled dust samples for the subsequent measurement of beryllium and
compounds. The practice is meant for use in the collection of settled dust samples that are of interest in clearance, hazard
evaluation, risk assessment, and other purposes.
5.2 This practice is intended solely for the collection of settled dust samples from hard, relatively smooth nonporous surfaces
that may be compromised by water or other wetting agents and that are therefore not suitable for wet wipe sampling using Practice
D6966 or micro-vacuum sampling using Practice D7144. Use of this practice for any purpose other than the intended purpose is
discouraged due to the limited collection efficiency and high variability of dry wipe sampling as compared to wetted wipe or
micro-vacuum sampling.
5.3 This practice is less effective for collecting settled dust samples from surfaces with substantial texture such as rough
concrete, brickwork, textured ceilings, and soft fibrous surfaces such as upholstery and carpeting. Micro-vacuum sampling using
Practice D7144 may be more suitable for these surfaces.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Sampling Templates—One or more of the following: 10 cm by 10 cm (minimum dimensions) reusable or disposable
aluminum or plastic template(s), or disposable cardboard templates, (full-square, rectangular, square “U-shaped,” rectangular
“U-shaped,” or “L-shaped,” or both); or templates of alternative areas having accurately known dimensions (see Note 1).
Templates shall be capable of lying flat on a surface.
NOTE 1—For most surfaces, it is recommended to collect settled dust from a minimum surface area of 100 cm to provide sufficient material for
subsequent laboratory analysis. However, larger areas (for example, 30 cm by 30 cm) may be appropriate for surfaces having little or no visible settled
dust, while a smaller sampling area (for example, 10 cm by 10 cm) may be appropriate for surfaces with high levels of visible settled dust. It is
recommended to have a suite of templates with various sampling dimensions.
Dufay, S. K., and Archuleta, M.,,M., “Comparison of Collection Efficiency of Sampling Methods for Removable Beryllium Surface Contamination,” J. Environ.
Monit.Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Vol 8, No. 6, 2006, pp. 630–633;–633. DOI 10.1039/b601526n.
D7296 − 18
NOTE 1—Only the center of the wiping path is shown, not the entire wiping width. a) Fig. 1a) shows the first “S” wiping pattern over the surface area
to be sampled; b) Fig. 1b) demonstrates the second “S” wiping course over the surface; and c) Fig. 1c) shows the final wiping which is targeted toward
edges and corners.
FIG. 1 Schematic of a Side-to-Side Overlapping “S” Wiping Pattern
6.2 Dry Wipes,wipes, for collection of settled dust samples from surfaces. The background metal(s) content of the dry wipes
should be as low as possible. At a maximum, the background level of beryllium shall be no more than one-tenth the target
concentration to be measured. Variability of background levels of beryllium shall not exceed ten times the standard deviation of
the mean background level. Dry wipe materials shall be compatible with the anticipated sample preparation and analysis methods.
NOTE 2—Characteristics of dry wipe materials, such as hardness, porosity, and thickness, may affect collection efficiency. Quantitative laboratory filter
paper, or wipe media with demonstrated equivalent or superior performance, should be used. Consistent use of a single material is recommended because
use of multiple materials may produce widely varying results. For analysis by ICP-AES or ICP-MS, dry wipes should be either wholly soluble or wholly
insoluble when using the selected sample preparation method. This is because partially dissolved wipes can make subsequent handling of sample solutions
difficult, or they can cause analytical errors due to matrix mismatches between sample solutions and calibration solutions, or both. Partially dissolved
wipes may be acceptable as long as the undissolved remnant leaves an intact skeleton (that is, of woven fabric) that does not adversely affect the sample
solution. If the sample preparation method selected involves quantitative transfer of the sample solution to volumetric glassware prior to analysis, the
wipes used for sampling should be completely soluble when using the chosen sample preparation method.
6.3 Sample Containers,containers, sealable, rigid-walled, 15-mL minimum volume.
NOTE 3—Screw-top plastic centrifuge tubes are an example of a suitable rigid-walled sample container.
NOTE 4—Use of sealable plastic bags for holding and transporting the settled dust wipe samples is not recommended due to the potential loss of
collected dust within the plastic bags during transportation and laboratory handling. Quantitative removal and processing of the settled dust wipe sample
by the la
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