ASTM E2425-21

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2425 − 16 E2425 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Loss Modulus Conformance of Dynamic Mechanical
Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method describes the performance confirmation or measurement of conformance for the loss modulus scale of a
commercial or custom-built dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) at 21°C 21 °C using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
as a reference material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1867 Test Methods for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test method are defined in Terminologies D4092, E473, and E1142, including
Celsius, dynamic mechanical analysis, and loss modulus.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2021. Published June 2016October 2021. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
E2425 – 11.E2425 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E2425-16.10.1520/E2425-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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E2425 − 21
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The loss modulus signal measured by a dynamic mechanical analyzer for an elastic material is compared to the reported loss
modulus for that reference material. A linear relationship is used to correlate the experimental loss modulus signal with the reported
value of the reference material.
4.2 The mode of deformation (for example, tensile, flexure, compression, shear, etc.) shall be reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method demonstrates conformity of a dynamic mechanical analyzer at an isothermal temperature of 21°C.21 °C.
5.2 Dynamic mechanical analysis experiments often use linear temperature change. This test method does not address the effect
of that change in temperature on the loss modulus.
5.3 This test method may be used in research and development, specification acceptance, and quality control or assurance.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The essential instrumentation required to provide the minimum dynamic mechanical capability for this test method includes:
6.1.1 Drive Actuator, to apply force (or displacement) to the specimen in a periodic manner. This actuator may also be capable
of providing static force or displacement to the specimen.
6.1.2 Coupling Shaft, or other means to transmit the force from the motor to the specimen.
6.1.3 Clamping System(s), to fix the specimen between the drive shaft and the stationary clamp(s).
6.1.4 Position Sensor, to measure the change in position of the specimen during dynamic motion, or
6.1.5 Force Sensor, to measure the force developed by the specimen.
6.1.6 Temperature Sensor, to provide an indication of the specimen temperature to within 61°C.61 °C.
6.1.7 Furnace, to provide controlled heating or cooling of a specimen at a constant temperature or at a constant rate within the
applicable temperature range of –100 °C to +300°C.+300 °C.
6.1.8 Temperature Controller, capable of executing a specific temperature program by operating the furnace between –100 °C and
+300°C +300 °C and at a constant temperature within that range.
6.1.9 Data Collection Device, to provide a means of acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated signals, or both.
The minimum output signals required for dynamic mechanical analysis are storage modulus, loss modulus, tan delta, temperature,
and time.
6.2 Auxiliary instrumentation considered necessary in conducting this method near or below ambient temperature:
A
TABLE 1 Reference Material Loss Modulus
Loss
Frequency
Temperature Material Modulus
Hz
(°C) (MPa)
B
21 Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene 1 62.0
A
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be
obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E37-1041. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at service@astm.org.
B
SRM 8456 available from the National Institute for Standards and Technology
(NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
E2425 − 21
6.2.1 Cooling capability to sustain a constant temperature at or below ambient temperature or to provide controlled cooling.
6.2.2 Data Analysis capability to provide loss modulus information derived from measured signals.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 A reference material of known loss modulus, formed to the shape suitable for characterization by the particular dynamic
mechanical analyzer (see Table 1).
8. Sampling and Test Specimens
8.1 Test specimens are typically prepared in the form of a rectangular test bars or film strips.
NOTE 1—It is common practice to bevel or “break” edges of machined parts. This practice shall not be followed in the preparation of test specimens for
this method. The measured loss modulus of such specimens reads low due to imperfect sample geometry.
9. Calibration and Standardization
9.1 Perform any loss modulus signal calibration procedure recommended by the manufacturer of the dynamic mechanical analyzer
as described in the operations manual.
9.2 If not already done so, calibrate the temperature scale of the dynamic mechanical analyzer as near as
...