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ASTM D4626-95(2005)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D 2268, D 2427, D 2804, D 2998, D 3329, D 3362, D 3465, D 3545, and D 3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11  n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.
In practice, response factors are used to correct peak areas to a common base prior to final calculation of the sample composition. The response factors calculated in this practice are “multipliers” and prior to final calculation of the results the area obtained for each compound in the sample should be multiplied by the response factor determined for that compound.
It has been determined that values for response factors will vary with individual installations. This may be caused by variations in instrument design, columns, and experimental techniques. It is necessary that chromatographs be individually calibrated to obtain the most accurate data.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromatographic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any mixture of compounds that is normally liquid at room temperature and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those compounds that react in the chromatograph or are not quantitatively eluted. Normal C6 through C11  paraffins have been chosen as model compounds for demonstration purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0L - Gas Chromatography Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4626-95(2000) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3524-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Diesel Fuel Diluent in Used Diesel Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5623-19 - Standard Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petroleum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6228-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography and Flame Photometric Detection
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7096-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Boiling Range Distribution of Gasoline by Wide-Bore Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7165-22 - Standard Practice for Gas Chromatograph Based On-line/At-line Analysis for Sulfur Content of Gaseous Fuels
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7398-21 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3417-20 - Standard Test Method for Gas Chromatography Analysis of Petroleum Waxes Used in Equestrian Synthetic Surfaces
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8442-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cannabinoids in Cannabis Raw Materials and Resin Cannabis Products by Gas Chromatography and Flame Ionization Detection
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D2887-22e1 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7807-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Boiling Range Distribution of Hydrocarbon and Sulfur Components of Petroleum Distillates by Gas Chromatography and Chemiluminescence Detection
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7800/D7800M-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Elemental Sulfur in Natural Gas
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6417-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Engine Oil Volatility by Capillary Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7798-20 - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates with Final Boiling Points up to 538 °C by Ultra Fast Gas Chromatography (UF GC)
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7875-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Butanol and Acetone Content of Butanol for Blending with Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM D4626-95(2005) - Standard Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4626–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Designation: 378/87
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3329 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
by Gas Chromatography
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for calculating gas
D3362 Test Method for Purity of Acrylate Esters by Gas
chromatographic response factors. It is applicable to chromato-
Chromatography
graphic data obtained from a gaseous mixture or from any
D3465 TestMethodforPurityofMonomericPlasticizersby
mixtureofcompoundsthatisnormallyliquidatroomtempera-
Gas Chromatography
ture and pressure or solids, or both, that will form a solution
D3545 Test Method for Alcohol Content and Purity of
with liquids. It is not intended to be applied to those com-
Acetate Esters by Gas Chromatography
poundsthatreactinthechromatographorarenotquantitatively
D3695 TestMethodforVolatileAlcoholsinWaterbyDirect
eluted. Normal C through C paraffins have been chosen as
6 11
Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
model compounds for demonstration purposes.
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Analytical Standards
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
mation only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 response factor (R)—a constant of proportionality
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
used to convert the observed chromatographic response of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specific compounds to either mass or volume percent compo-
2. Referenced Documents sition. The observed response may be measured as peak areas
or peak heights. Depending on the calculation formula, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
response factor (R) is applied by either multiplying or dividing
D2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
the observed response by the determined factor.
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
3.1.2 In this practice, the response factors determined are
D2427 Test Method for Determination of C through C
2 5
multiplying factors.
Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
D2804 Test Method for Purity of Methyl Ethyl Ketone By
4. Summary of Practice
Gas Chromatography
4.1 Individual C to C n-paraffins are precisely weighed
6 11
D2998 Test Method for Polyhydric Alcohols in Alkyd
3 and combined in an inert, tight-sealing glass vial. Different
Resins
concentration levels of the blend components to cover concen-
tration ranges of interest may be obtained by dilution with a
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
suitable solvent. As diluent, a n-paraffin, such as n-dodecane,
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04 on
that is, higher boiling than the blend components is suitable.
Hydrocarbon Analysis.
The quantitative blends are analyzed, in duplicate, by gas
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4626 – 95 (2000). chromatography using either thermal conductivity, flame-
DOI: 10.1520/D4626-95R05.
ionization or other forms of detection. From the mass or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
volume composition of the blend and the raw area or peak
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
on www.astm.org. be obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1200.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4626–95 (2005)
height measurements, mass or volume response or relative 7.3 n-Paraffın Hydrocarbons,C,C,C,C,C ,C , and
6 7 8 9 10 11
response factors for each blend component are calculated. C -99 % pure.
7.4 Solvent,usedasadiluenttovaryconcentrationsofblend
5. Significance and Use
components. A suitable solvent is one that is relatively non-
volatile, miscible with all sample components and, preferably,
5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the
well resolved chromatographically from all mixture compo-
analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas
nents. In this model, n-C is used.
chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of speci- 12
fied reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is
8. Procedure
given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibra-
8.1 Instrument Preparation—Install the chromatographic
tion or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804,
columns and establish the flow rates and operating tempera-
D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are ex-
tures as specified in the method for which calibration is being
amples.The present practice helps to fill this void by providing
performed. Refer to Practice E260 for specific instructions.
a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors,
Condition the columns at their required operating temperature
as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C to C
6 11
until a stable baseline is established at the require
...

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5.1 ASTM standard gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of petroleum products require calibration of the gas chromatographic system by preparation and analysis of specified reference mixtures. Frequently, minimal information is given in these methods on the practice of calculating calibration or response factors. Test Methods D2268, D2427, D2804, D2998, D3329, D3362, D3465, D3545, and D3695 are examples. The present practice helps to fill this void by providing a detailed reference procedure for calculating response factors, as exemplified by analysis of a standard blend of C6 to C11 n-paraffins using n-C12 as the diluent.  
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Standard Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantitative determination of olefins in spark-ignition engine fuels is required to comply with government regulations.  
5.2 Knowledge of the total olefin content provides a means to monitor the efficiency of catalytic cracking processes.  
5.3 This test method provides better precision for olefin content than Test Method D1319. It also provides data in a much shorter time, approximately 20 min following calibration, and maximizes automation to reduce operator labor.  
5.4 This test method is not applicable to M85 or E85 fuels, which contain 85 % methanol and ethanol, respectively.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the quantitative determination of total olefins in the C4 to C10 range in spark-ignition engine fuels or related hydrocarbon streams, such as naphthas and cracked naphthas. Olefin concentrations in the range from 0.2 % by liquid-volume or mass to 5.0 % by liquid-volume or mass, or both, can be determined directly on the as-received sample whereas olefins in samples containing higher concentrations are determined after appropriate sample dilution prior to analysis.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples containing alcohols and ethers; however, samples containing greater than 15 % alcohol must be diluted. Samples containing greater than 5.0 % ether must also be diluted to the 5.0 % or less level, prior to analysis. When ethyl-tert-butylether is present, only olefins in the C4 to C9 range can be determined.  
1.3 This test method can not be used to determine individual olefin components.  
1.4 This test method can not be used to determine olefins having higher carbon numbers than C10.
Note 1: Precision was determined only on samples containing MTBE and ethanol.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D6379-21e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate quantitative information on aromatic hydrocarbon types can be useful in determining the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels. This information can also be useful for indicating the quality of fuels and for assessing the relative combustion properties of finished fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a high performance liquid chromatographic test method for the determination of mono-aromatic and di-aromatic hydrocarbon contents in aviation kerosenes and petroleum distillates boiling in the range from 50 °C to 300 °C, such as Jet A or Jet A-1 fuels. The total aromatic content is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon-types.  
Note 1: Samples with a final boiling point greater than 300 °C that contain tri-aromatic and higher polycyclic aromatic compounds are not determined by this test method and should be analyzed by Test Method D6591 or other suitable equivalent test methods.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to distillates containing from 0.8 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.23 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.7 % to 50 % by mass total aromatics. Although this method generates results in m/m, results may also be quoted in v/v.  
1.3 The precision of this test method has been established for kerosene boiling range distillates containing from 0.40 % to 44.0 % by mass mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, 0.02 % to 6.20 % by mass di-aromatic hydrocarbons, and 0.40 % to 50.0 % by mass total aromatics. If results are quoted in volume, the precision is 0.3 % to 41.4 % by volume mono-aromatics, 0.01 % to 5.00 % by volume di-aromatics, and 0.30 % to 46.3 % by volume total aromatics. As calculated by IP 367-1.  
1.4 Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are possible interferents. Mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di- and poly-alkenes, if present, are possible interferents.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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