ISO/TC 58/SC 3 - Cylinder design

This document provides information for the design of composite cylinders related to impact testing and service experience with impact, including: — low energy impact, which can result from events that can occur during handling or working around cylinders; — high energy impact, which can result from accidents during transportation, or impact by large objects with velocity; — drop impact, which can result from handling, where cylinders are dropped or tipped over; and — high velocity impact, which can result from high energy impact by a small object, such as gunfire, and demonstrates non-shatterability of the cylinder or tube. Where appropriate, field experience relevant to testing requirements is provided. NOTE Unless otherwise stated, the word “cylinder” refers to both cylinders and tubes.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the materials, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examinations and testing at time of manufacture for refillable, seamless, stainless steel gas cylinders with water capacities up to and including 150 l. It is applicable to cylinders for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases with a maximum actual tensile strength, Rma, of less than 1 100 MPa. NOTE If so desired, cylinders of water capacity between 150 l and 450 l can be manufactured to be in full conformance to this document.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture for: — type 4 composite fully wrapped cylinders or tubes with a non-load sharing liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends; — type 5 fully wrapped cylinders or tubes without liners and with a test pressure of less than 60 bar and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends; — water capacities up to 450 l; — for the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases; — cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre, aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) within a matrix; — a minimum design life of 15 years. Cylinders and tubes manufactured and tested according to this document are not intended to contain toxic, oxidizing or corrosive gases. This document does not address the design, fitting and performance of removable protective sleeves. NOTE 1 References to cylinders in this document include composite tubes if appropriate. NOTE 2 ISO 11439 applies to cylinders intended for use as fuel containers on natural gas vehicles and ISO 11623 covers periodic inspection and re-testing of composite cylinders.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture for: — type 3 fully wrapped cylinders or tubes with a load-sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends; — water capacities up to 450 l; — storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases; — cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre, aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) within a matrix; — a minimum design life of 15 years. This document does not address the design, fitting, and performance of removable protective sleeves. This document does not apply to cylinders with welded liners. NOTE 1 References to cylinders in this document include composite tubes if appropriate. NOTE 2 ISO 11439 applies to cylinders intended for use as fuel containers on natural gas vehicles and ISO 11623 covers periodic inspection and re-testing of composite cylinders.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture for: — type 2 composite hoop wrapped cylinders or tubes with a load-sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on the cylindrical portion only; — water capacities up to 450 l; — the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases; — cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre, aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) within a matrix or steel wire to provide circumferential reinforcement; — a minimum design life of 15 years. This document does not address the design, fitting, and performance of removable protective sleeves. NOTE 1 References to cylinders in this document include composite tubes if appropriate. NOTE 2 ISO 11439 applies to cylinders intended for use as fuel containers on natural gas vehicles and ISO 11623 covers periodic inspection and re-testing of composite cylinders.

This document addresses the topic of cyclic fatigue of structural reinforcing fibres as used in composite cylinders, and cyclic fatigue of structural and non-structural liners in these cylinders. This document provides a basic level of understanding of these topics.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at the time of manufacture for refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes with water capacities up to and including 450 l. It is applicable to cylinders and tubes for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases and for normalized or normalized and tempered steel cylinders and tubes.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture for refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes with water capacities up to and including 450 l. it is applicable to cylinders and tubes for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases and for quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with an actual tensile strength Rma ≥ 1 100 MPa. It is not applicable to cylinders and tubes with Rma, max > 1 300 MPa for diameters >140 mm and guaranteed wall thicknesses a′ ≥ 12 mm and for cylinders and tubes with Rma, max > 1 400 MPa for diameters ≤140 mm and guaranteed wall thicknesses a′ ≥ 6 mm because, beyond these limits, additional requirements can apply.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture for refillable seamless steel gas cylinders and tubes with water capacities up to and including 450 l. It is applicable to cylinders and tubes for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases and for quenched and tempered steel cylinders and tubes with a maximum actual tensile strength Rma of less than 1 100 MPa.

This document specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction, workmanship, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable welded steel cylinders for the sub-atmospheric pressure storage of liquefied and compressed gases. It only applies to the cylinders themselves, irrespective of the materials contained therein (e.g. adsorbents, media, materials and/or gases) and other related applications. The cylinders have a test pressure not greater than 42 bar and a water capacity from 0,5 l up to and including 12 l exposed to ambient temperatures for the purpose of facilitating the sub‑atmospheric pressure storage of liquefied and compressed gases as adsorbed gases. Minimum requirements for inspection at the time of fill and periodic inspection and testing are also specified.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for the material, design construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at time of manufacture of an assembly of permanently mounted composite tube(s) in a frame with associated components. Tubes covered by the requirements of this document are: a) of composite construction, permanently mounted in a transport frame and suitable for specified service conditions, designated as: Type 3 — a fully wrapped tube with a seamless metallic liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical part and the dome ends; or Type 4 — a fully wrapped tube with a non-load sharing liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical part and the dome ends. b) with water capacities from 450 l up to and including 10 000 l; c) containing compressed gases but excluding: liquefied gases, dissolved gases, and gases and gas mixtures which are classified for transport as toxic or oxidizing; d) with working pressure up to 1 000 bar. This document does not address tubes with working pressure times water capacity (p × V) more than 3 000 000 bar∙l.

This document addresses the topic of calculation of stress ratios when analyzing filament wound composite cylinders. This document is applicable to cylinders of Types 2, 3, and 4. The calculation of stress ratios supports the development and revision of standards for fibre reinforced composite pressurized cylinders.

ISO/TR 13086-2:2017 addresses the topic of safety and performance of composite cylinders in a fire situation. A statement of safety addresses the topics which should be understood in order to operate cylinders safely in service. The remainder of this document provides a basic level of understanding of these topics.

ISO/TR 19811:2017 covers composite cylinders and tubes to be used under the International Regulation for Transport of dangerous Goods by sea, air and land: - with a water capacity up to 3000 l; - with a design life greater than 15 years. ISO/TR 19811:2017 provides: - information on existing service life test programmes from ISO/TC 58/SC 3 member countries; - comments (initially for internal committee use only) on similarities and differences; - recommendations on the feasibility of harmonization and whether it would be appropriate to develop an ISO deliverable.

ISO 11119-4:2016 specifies requirements for composite gas cylinders with load-sharing welded liners between 0,5 l and 150 l water capacity and a maximum test pressure of 450 bar for the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases. NOTE 1 1 bar = 105Pa = 105N/m2. The cylinders are constructed in the form of a welded stainless steel liner or welded ferritic steel liner or welded aluminium alloy liner and overwrapped with carbon fibre or aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) in a matrix to provide longitudinal and circumferential reinforcement. The cylinders in this part of ISO 11119 are type 3 fully wrapped cylinders with a load-sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends. Cylinders produced in accordance with this part of ISO 11119 have a minimum design life of 15 years. Cylinders with test pressure of up to 60 bar have an unlimited design life. ISO 11119-4:2016 does not address the design, fitting, and performance of removable protective sleeves. ISO 11119-4:2016 does not apply to cylinders with seamless liners. For seamless liners, ISO 11119‑2 applies. NOTE 2 ISO 11623 covers periodic inspection and re-testing of composite cylinders.

ISO 11118:2015 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, inspections, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, and tests at manufacture of non-refillable metallic gas cylinders of welded, brazed, or seamless construction for compressed and liquefied gases including the requirements for their non-refillable sealing devices and their methods of testing. NOTE The specific gases permitted in cylinders constructed to this International Standard can be limited by national or international requirements. This International Standard is applicable to cylinders where a) the test pressure does not exceed 250 bar (i.e. ph ≤ 250 bar) for liquefied gases and 450 bar for compressed gases; b) the product of the test pressure and the water capacity does not exceed 1 000 bar·litres (i.e. ph V ≤ 1 000 bar L); c) the test pressure exceeds 45 bar and the water capacity does not exceed 5 l (i.e. for ph > 45 bar, then V ≤ 5 l).

ISO 21172-1:2015 specifies the minimum requirements for the material, design, fabrication, construction and workmanship, inspection, and testing at manufacture of refillable welded steel gas pressure drums, hereafter referred to as drums, of volumes 150 l to 1 000 l and up to 300 bar test pressure for compressed and liquefied gases. Only cylindrical and spherical containers are covered.

ISO 11120:2015 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examinations and tests at manufacture of refillable quenched and tempered seamless steel tubes of water capacities exceeding 150 l up to and including 3 000 l for compressed and liquefied gases exposed to extreme world-wide ambient temperatures, normally between ?50 °C and 65 °C. ISO 11120:2015 is applicable to tubes with a maximum tensile strength, Rma, of less than 1 100 MPa. These tubes can be used alone or in batteries to equip trailers or multiple element gas containers (ISO modules or skids) for the transportation and distribution of compressed gases. ISO 11120:2015 is applicable to tubes having an opening at each end.

ISO/TR 16115:2013 specifies the procedure on how to evaluate and treat the most commonly found manufacturing imperfections on seamless steel and aluminium alloy gas cylinders at visual inspection at the stage of product acceptance. It contains a template for the relevant cylinder design International Standards (i.e. ISO 9809-1, ISO 9809-2, and ISO 9809-3 for seamless steel and ISO 7866 for seamless aluminium alloy cylinders). It further contains information on how to implement the provisions into other cylinder design standards.

ISO 11515:2013 specifies minimum requirements for the design, construction and performance testing of composite reinforced tubes between 450 l and 3 000 l water capacity, for transport, storage and use of compressed or liquefied gases with test pressures up to and including 1600 bar with a design life of at least 15 years and less than or equal to 30 years. The expected service temperatures are between -40 °C and +65 °C. The tubes defined are one of three types: Type 2 - a hoop wrapped tube with a load sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on the cylindrical portion only. Type 3 - a fully wrapped tube with a load sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends. Type 4 - a fully wrapped tube with a non-load sharing liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends. The Type 4 tubes are not intended to contain toxic, oxidizing or corrosive gases. ISO 11515:2013 is limited to tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre or aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) in a matrix. Composite tubes can be used alone or in batteries to equip trailers or skids (ISO modules) or multiple element gas containers (MEGC) for the transportation and distribution of gases. ISO 11515:2013 does not include consideration of any additional stresses that can occur during service or transport, (e.g. torsional / bending stresses). However it is important that the stresses associated with mounting the tube are considered by the assembly manufacturer and the tube manufacturer. The design life of tubes according to ISO 11515:2013 for transport of dangerous goods can be limited by the applicable regulations.

ISO 11439:2013 specifies minimum requirements for light-weight refillable gas cylinders intended only for the on-board storage of high pressure compressed natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles to which the cylinders are to be fixed. The service conditions do not cover external loadings that can arise from vehicle collisions, etc. ISO 11439:2013 covers cylinders of any seamless steel, seamless aluminium alloy or non-metallic material construction, using any design or method of manufacture suitable for the specified service conditions. It does not cover cylinders of stainless steel. ISO 11439:2013 uses 200 bar as a reference working pressure, but other working pressures can be used. Cylinders covered by ISO 11439:2013 are designated Type 1, Type 2, Type 3 and Type 4.

ISO 7866:2012 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes and tests at time of manufacture of refillable seamless aluminium alloy gas cylinders of water capacities up to and including 150 litres for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases for worldwide use (normally up to +65 °C).

ISO/TR 13086-1:2011 gives guidance for the design of composite cylinders, relating to stress rupture reliability and burst ratio as a function of test pressure. Related issues, such as cyclic fatigue of the liner and composite, damage tolerance, environmental exposure, and life extension are also addressed. The topics covered by ISO/TR 13086-1:2011 are to support the development and revision of standards for fibre composite reinforced pressurized cylinders.

ISO 4706:2008 specifies the minimum requirements concerning material selection, design, construction and workmanship, procedure and test at manufacture of refillable welded-steel gas cylinders of a test pressure not greater than 60 bar, and of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 500 l exposed to extreme worldwide temperatures (-50 °C to +65 °C) used for compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases. Transportable large cylinders of water capacity above 150 l and up to 500 l may be manufactured and certified to ISO 4706 provided handling facilities are provided. ISO 4706 is primarily intended to be used for industrial gases other than Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), but may also be applied for LPG. For specific LPG applications see ISO 22991.

ISO 18172-2:2007 specifies minimum requirements concerning material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes and testing of refillable transportable welded stainless steel gas cylinders, of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l, for compressed and liquefied gases. ISO 18172-2:2007 is applicable only to cylinders manufactured from stainless steels with a maximum tensile strength of less than 1 100 MPa and a test pressure above 6 MPa (60 bar).

ISO 18172-1:2007 specifies minimum requirements concerning material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes and testing of refillable transportable welded stainless steel gas cylinders, of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 500 l, for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. ISO 18172-1:2007 is applicable only to cylinders manufactured from stainless steels with test pressures up to 6 MPa (60 bar). If required, transportable large cylinders of water capacity above 150 l and up to 500 l may be manufactured and certified to ISO 18172-1:2007, providing that handling facilities are provided.

ISO 20703:2006 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes and tests at manufacture of refillable, transportable, welded aluminium-alloy gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l, and of a test pressure not greater than 60 bar (6 MPa) for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. It includes requirements for spherical receptacles and cylinders made from seamless bodies with welded non-pressure-bearing attachments such as shrouds and foot-rings.

ISO 3500:2005 specifies the principal external dimensions, accessories, filling ratio, and marking for seamless steel CO2 cylinders used in fixed fire-fighting installations on cargo ships, passenger ships, salvage vessels, heavy-lift vessels, tug-barge combinations and offshore drilling and production platforms, any of which can be serviced in port or in dry dock, in order to facilitate the interchangeability of such cylinders.

ISO 22991:2004 specifies minimum requirements concerning material, design, construction and workmanship, procedure and test at manufacture of transportable refillable welded steel liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of water capacity up to and including 150 l, exposed to ambient temperatures.

This part of ISO/TR 12391 is a summary and compilation of the test results obtained during the development of the "Flawed-Cylinder Burst Test". The concept and development of the flawed cylinder burst test is described in ISO/TR 12391-1. The test is a method for evaluating the fracture performance of steel cylinders that are used to transport high pressure, compressed gases. In this part of ISO/TR 12391, test results are reported for several hundred flawed cylinder burst tests that were conducted on seamless steel cylinders ranging in tensile strength from less than 750 MPa up to about 1 400 MPa. This test method has been shown to reliably predict the fracture performance of seamless steel cylinders. The test method is intended to be used both for the selection of materials and design parameters in the development of new cylinder designs as well as for an efficient quality control test to be used during the production of cylinders.

ISO/TR 12391-3 applies to seamless refillable cylinders of all sizes from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l water capacity produced of steel with tensile strength greater than 1 100 MPa. It can also be applied to cylinders produced from steels used at lower tensile strengths. In particular, it provides the technical rationale and background to guide future alterations of existing ISO standards or for developing advanced design standards. ISO/TR 12391-3 is a summary and compilation of the test results obtained during the development of the Flawed-cylinder Cyclical-burst Test. The test is an alternate test method to the flawed-cylinder burst test with monotonic pressurization and is used to evaluate the fracture performance of steel cylinders which are used to transport high-pressure compressed gases. In ISO/TR 12391-3 test results are reported for more than one hundred flawed-cylinder cyclical burst tests that were conducted on seamless steel cylinders that ranged in tensile strength from 750 MPa to 1 210 MPa. The test method is intended to be used both for the selection of materials and to establish design parameters in the development of new cylinders as well as for an efficient quality control test to be used during the production of cylinders.

This part of ISO/TR 12391 applies to seamless steel refillable cylinders of all sizes from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l water capacity produced of steel with tensile strength, Rm, greater than 1 100 MPa. It can also be applied to cylinders produced from steels used at lower tensile strengths. In particular, it provides the technical rationale and background to guide future alterations of existing ISO standards or for developing advanced design standards. This part of ISO/TR 12391 is a summary and compilation of the test results obtained during the development of the "flawed-cylinder cycle test". The "flawed-cylinder cycle test" was developed as part of a co-operative project under the direction of ISO/TC 58/SC 3/WG 14. The "flawed-cylinder cycle test" is a test method to evaluate the fatigue performance of steel cylinders that are used to transport high pressure, compressed gases. The concept and development of the flawed-cylinder cycle test is described in ISO/TR 12391-1. The details of the test method and the criteria for acceptable fatigue performance of steel cylinders are given in 9.2.6 of ISO 9809-2:2000, "flawed-cylinder cycle test". In this part of ISO/TR 12391, test results are reported for more than a hundred flawed-cylinder cycle tests that were conducted on seamless steel cylinders ranging in measured tensile strength from less than 800 MPa to greater than 1 350 MPa. The test method is intended to be used for the selection of materials and design parameters in the development of new cylinder designs.

This part of ISO/TR 12931 applies to seamless steel refillable cylinders of all sizes from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l water capacity produced of steel with tensile strength (Rm) greater than 1 100 MPa. It can also be applied to cylinders produced of steels used at lower tensile strengths. In particular, it provides the technical rationale and background to guide future alterations of existing ISO standards or for developing advanced design standards.

ISO 9809-4:2014 specifies the minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examinations, and tests at manufacture of refillable seamless stainless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed, liquefied, and dissolved gases. ISO 9809-4:2014 is applicable to cylinders with a maximum actual tensile strength, Rma, of less than 1 100 MPa.

ISO 11119-3:2013 specifies requirements for composite gas cylinders up to 150 l water capacity and composite tubes above 150 l water capacity and up to 450 l water capacity, for the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases. The cylinders and tubes in ISO 11119-3:2013 are Type 4 Fully Wrapped Cylinders or Tubes with a non-load sharing liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends, and Type 5 Fully Wrapped Cylinders or Tubes without liners (including cylinders without liners manufactured from two parts joined together) and with a test pressure of less than 60 bar. The cylinders are constructed in the form of a disposable mandrel overwrapped with carbon fibre or aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) in a resin matrix to provide longitudinal and circumferential reinforcement, and in the form of two filament wound shells joined together. Cylinders and tubes manufactured and tested to ISO 11119-3:2013 are not intended to contain toxic, oxidizing or corrosive gases. ISO 11119-3:2013 is limited to cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre or aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) in a matrix. Cylinders and tubes manufactured and tested to ISO 11119-3:2013 have a minimum design life of 15 years. ISO 11119-3:2013 does not address the design, fitting and performance of removable protective sleeves.

ISO 11119-1:2012 specifies requirements for composite gas cylinders and tubes between 0,5 l and 450 l water capacity, for the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases. ISO 11119-1:2012 applies to type 2 hoop wrapped cylinder or tube with a load-sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on the cylindrical portion only. ISO 11119-1:2012 is limited to cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre, aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) within a matrix or steel wire to provide circumferential reinforcement. Cylinders complying with ISO 11119-1:2012 have a minimum design life of 15 years. ISO 11119-1:2012 does not address the design, fitting, and performance of removable protective sleeves.

ISO 11119-2:2012 specifies requirements for composite gas cylinders and tubes between 0,5 l and 450 l water capacity, for the storage and conveyance of compressed or liquefied gases. ISO 11119-2:2012 applies to type 3 fully wrapped cylinders or tubes with a load-sharing metal liner and composite reinforcement on both the cylindrical portion and the dome ends. ISO 11119-2:2012 is limited to cylinders and tubes with composite reinforcement of carbon fibre, aramid fibre or glass fibre (or a mixture thereof) within a matrix. Cylinders complying with ISO 11119-2:2012 have a minimum design life of 15 years. ISO 11119-2:2012 does not address the design, fitting, and performance of removable protective sleeves. ISO 11119-2:2012 does not apply to cylinders with welded liners.

ISO 11513:2011 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction, workmanship, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable welded steel cylinders for the sub-atmospheric pressure storage of liquefied and compressed gases. It only applies to the cylinders themselves, irrespective of the materials contained therein (e.g. adsorbents, media, materials, and/or gases) and other related applications.

ISO 9809-1:2010 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable quenched and tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. ISO 9809-1:2010 is applicable to cylinders with a maximum actual tensile strength Rma of less than 1 100 MPa. If desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l and between 150 l and 500 l can be manufactured and certified to be in compliance with ISO 9809-1:2010.

ISO 9809-3:2010 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable normalized or normalized and tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. If desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l can be manufactured and certified to be in compliance with ISO 9809-3:2010.

ISO 9809-2:2010 specifies minimum requirements for the material, design, construction and workmanship, manufacturing processes, examination and testing at manufacture of refillable quenched and tempered seamless steel gas cylinders of water capacities from 0,5 l up to and including 150 l for compressed, liquefied and dissolved gases. ISO 9809-2:2010 is applicable to cylinders with a maximum tensile strength Rma of greater than or equal to 1 100 MPa. It is not applicable to cylinders with Rma, max of greater than 1 300 MPa for diameters greater than 140 mm and guaranteed wall thicknesses greater than or equal to 12 mm and Rma, max greater than or equal to 1 400 MPa for diameters of less than or equal to 140 mm and guaranteed wall thicknesses greater than or equal to 6 mm, because beyond these limits, additional requirements can apply. If desired, cylinders of water capacity less than 0,5 l and between 150 l and 500 l can be manufactured and certified to be in compliance with ISO 9809-2:2010.