ISO/TC 135/SC 2 - Surface methods

This document specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. This document covers the temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C. Additional tests in ISO 3452-5 or ISO 3452-6 can be required outside this range. On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452‑1.

This document specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested using white light or UV-A (365 nm) radiation. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and not excessively porous (castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.) This document also includes requirements for process and control testing, but is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria. It gives neither information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment. NOTE 1 Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of penetrant testing products to be used are specified in ISO 3452-2 and ISO 3452-3. NOTE 2 The term "discontinuity" is used in this document in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included. NOTE 3 CEN/TR 16638 addresses penetrant testing using actinic blue light.

ISO 9934-1:2016 specifies general principles for the magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing is primarily applicable to the detection of surface-breaking discontinuities, particularly cracks. It can also detect discontinuities just below the surface but its sensitivity diminishes rapidly with depth. ISO 9934-1:2016 specifies the surface preparation of the part to be tested, magnetization techniques, requirements and application of the detection media, and the recording and interpretation of results. Acceptance criteria are not defined. Additional requirements for the magnetic particle testing of particular items are defined in product standards (see the relevant International Standards or European standards). ISO 9934-1:2016 does not apply to the residual magnetization method.

ISO 12707:2016 defines general terms specifically associated with magnetic particle testing.

ISO 9934-2:2015 specifies the significant properties of magnetic particle testing products (including magnetic ink, powder, carrier liquid, contrast aid paints) and the methods for checking their properties.

ISO 9934-3:2015 describes three types of equipment for magnetic particle testing: - portable or transportable equipment; - fixed installations; - specialized testing systems for testing components on a continuous basis, comprising a series of processing stations placed in sequence to form a process line. Equipment for magnetizing, demagnetizing, illumination, measurement, and monitoring are also described. This part of ISO 9934 specifies the properties to be provided by the equipment supplier, minimum requirements for application and the method of measuring certain parameters. Where appropriate, measuring and calibration requirements and in-service checks are also specified.

ISO 3452-3:2013 describes two types of reference blocks: Type 1 reference blocks are used to determine the sensitivity levels of both fluorescent and colour contrast penetrant product families; Type 2 reference blocks are used for routine assessment of the performance of both fluorescent and colour contrast penetrant testing. The reference blocks are to be used in accordance with ISO 3452-1:2013.

ISO 3059:2012 specifies the control of the viewing conditions for magnetic particle and penetrant testing. It includes minimum requirements for the illuminance and UV-A irradiance and their measurement. It is intended for use when the human eye is the primary detection aid. ISO 3059:2012 does not cover the use of actinic blue light sources.

ISO 12706:2009 defines technical terms relating to penetrant testing. In addition to terms used in English and French, two of the three official ISO languages, ISO 12706:2009 gives the equivalent terms in German; these are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany (DIN), and are given for information only. Only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions.

ISO 3452-5:2008 specifies the requirements for non-destructive testing using penetrant, particular to applications at higher temperatures (higher than 50 °C) as well as the method for qualification of suitable testing products.

ISO 3452-6:2008 specifies the requirements for non-destructive testing using penetrant, particular to applications at low temperatures (lower than + 10 °C) as well as the method for qualification of suitable testing products.

1.1 This International Standard specifies the characteristics of the following types of low-power
magnifiers and gives recommendations for their selection for the inspection of surfaces.
— Single-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´4 (Type A).
— Multi-element magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´10 (Type B).
— Twin-system magnifiers of magnification typically up to ´15 (Type C), categorized as follows:
a) binocular, normally with a long working distance (Type C.1);
b) bi-ocular1), including those refined with stops or other attachments, for quasi-stereoscopic vision
(Type C.2).
— Concave-mirror magnifiers with front-surface reflectors in powers typically up to ´6 (Type D).
1.2 This International Standard is not concerned with:
— watch-makers' loupes and spectacles;
— single-element, spherical- or cylindrical-lens magnifiers in which either the lens or the lens-mount
rests on the surface of the object to be examined (this includes magnifiers provided with any form of
graduated scale for the purpose of measurement);
— plastic lens sacs, liquid-filled;
— magnifiers intended for the examination of internal surfaces.

ISO 9934-1:2015 specifies general principles for the magnetic particle testing of ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing is primarily applicable to the detection of surface-breaking discontinuities, particularly cracks. It can also detect discontinuities just below the surface but its sensitivity diminishes rapidly with depth. This part of ISO 9934 specifies the surface preparation of the part to be tested, magnetization techniques, requirements and application of the detection media, and the recording and interpretation of results. Acceptance criteria are not defined. Additional requirements for the magnetic particle testing of particular items are defined in product standards (see the relevant ISO or EN standards). This part of ISO 9934 does not apply to the residual magnetization method.

ISO 3452-2:2013 specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. ISO 3452-2:2013 covers the temperature range 10 °C to 50 °C. Additional tests in ISO 3452-5:2008 or ISO 3452-6:2008 may be required outside this range. On-site control tests and methods are detailed in ISO 3452‑1:2013.

ISO 3452-1:2013 specifies a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and not excessively porous (castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc.) It also includes requirements for process and control testing, but is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria and gives neither information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment.

ISO 3452-1:2008 defines a method of penetrant testing used to detect discontinuities, e.g. cracks, laps, folds, porosity and lack of fusion, which are open to the surface of the material to be tested. It is mainly applied to metallic materials, but can also be performed on other materials, provided that they are inert to the test media and they are not excessively porous, examples of which are castings, forgings, welds, ceramics, etc. ISO 3452-1:2008 is not intended to be used for acceptance criteria and gives no information relating to the suitability of individual test systems for specific applications nor requirements for test equipment. The term 'discontinuity' is used here in the sense that no evaluation concerning acceptability or non-acceptability is included. Methods for determining and monitoring the essential properties of penetrant testing products to be used are specified in ISO 3452-2 and ISO 3452-3.

SO 3452-2:2006 specifies the technical requirements and test procedures for penetrant materials for their type testing and batch testing. It also details on-site control tests and methods.

ISO 9934-2 specifies the significant properties of magnetic particle testing products (including magnetic ink, powder, carrier liquid, contrast aid paints) and the methods for checking their properties. This document failed to convert

Specifies general requirements, requirements for functional units for surface examination, for functional units for control of UV radiation, and safety requirements. Annex A describes a designation system for penetrant flaw detectors.

These tests are intended to ensure that the penetrant system works correctly and that there has been no harmful deterioration of the process materials during service. Generally, the frequency of checking penetrant materials and black light sources will depend on the frequency and conditions of usage. Specific and maximum intervals should be recommended by the manufacturer.

Applies to penetrant inspection on materials and components both during manufacture and in service. Does not deal with levels of acceptance or rejection. Penetrant inspection is used to locate laps, folds, cracks, porosity and fissures, which are open to the surface of a material or component. It can be used with materials irrespective of their physical properties.

Specifies a procedure for assessing the output of black light lamps used in fluorescent magnetic particle and penetrant flaw detection techniques. Applies to both new lamps and lamps in service. May also be used for checking that specified levels of black light illumination are achieved and maintained. A control test for checking the fluorescence of penetrant liqids is specified in Annex A.