Non-destructive testing - Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination

Essais non destructifs — Techniques de réplique métallographique pour l'examen des surfaces

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
11-Mar-1998
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
12-Dec-2022
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

Relations

Effective Date
15-Apr-2008

Overview

ISO 3057:1998 specifies non-destructive testing methods using metallographic replica techniques for surface examination. The standard covers procedures using a transparent nitrocellulose varnish or plastic sheet replica to record mechanical and metallurgical inhomogeneities on metal surfaces. Replicas produced in the field can be inspected with low‑power optics or transferred to a laboratory for detailed metallurgical microscopy. ISO 3057 was prepared by ISO/TC 135 (Non‑destructive testing), SC2 (Surface methods).

Key topics and requirements

  • Scope of technique
    • Use of transparent nitrocellulose varnish or plastic sheet replicas to record surface condition.
    • Suitable for restricted‑access locations and for recording fracture faces or service‑exposed surfaces.
  • Surface preparation
    • Degreasing: Thorough cleaning with an approved solvent, followed by acetone or alcohol and heated‑air drying.
    • Macrographic prep: Cleaning/degreasing sufficient for general surface features.
    • Micrographic prep: Progressive mechanical grinding and polishing (generally not deeper than 0.2 mm), avoiding overheating or work‑hardening; criss‑cross polishing and intermediate cleaning.
    • Final polish options: Electrolytic polishing (equipment or small bath) or mechanical polishing with diamond paste or equivalent; followed by etching with suitable reagent(s) and final cleaning.
  • Replica application
    • Maintain dry, dust‑free conditions.
    • Varnish replicas: Use transparent nitrocellulose/plastic varnish; avoid agitation (prevents air bubbles); apply smoothly to avoid brush marks and bubbles; allow to dry per manufacturer.
    • Sheet replicas: Moisten surface/replica with suitable solvent; place sheet central to avoid creases; press from center outward to expel solvent and bubbles.
  • Removal and handling
    • Remove replica in one piece with smooth motion; avoid finger marking or stretching.
  • Mounting and examination
    • Reflected light: Fix replica to a mirror or reflective plate so the impressed surface faces the objective; vacuum‑deposit aluminium if needed.
    • Direct (transmitted) light: Mount like a lantern slide between glass plates and project the image.
    • Avoid damage from stretching or excessive heat during examination.

Applications and users

ISO 3057 is practical for:

  • NDT engineers and technicians performing surface inspections
  • Metallographers and failure‑analysis specialists documenting microstructural or mechanical surface defects
  • Maintenance, quality control and welding inspectors needing portable, non‑destructive surface records
  • Field inspectors in plant maintenance where access or service conditions preclude laboratory sampling

Keywords: ISO 3057, metallographic replica, non‑destructive testing, surface examination, nitrocellulose varnish, replica techniques, surface preparation, metallurgical inspection.

Related standards

ISO 3057 complements other ISO NDT guidance developed by ISO/TC 135 (Non‑destructive testing), SC2 (surface methods). Users should consult the wider ISO NDT portfolio for additional methods and acceptance criteria.

Standard

ISO 3057:1998 - Non-destructive testing -- Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination

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ISO 3057:1998 - Essais non destructifs -- Techniques de réplique métallographique pour l'examen des surfaces

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 3057:1998 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Non-destructive testing - Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination". This standard covers: Non-destructive testing - Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination

Non-destructive testing - Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination

ISO 3057:1998 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 19.100 - Non-destructive testing. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 3057:1998 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 3057:1974. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase ISO 3057:1998 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3057
Second edition
1998-03-15
Non-destructive testing — Metallographic
replica techniques of surface examination
Essais non destructifs — Techniques de réplique métallographique pour
l'examen des surfaces
A
Reference number
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 3057 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing,
Subcommittee SC 2, Surface methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3057:1974), which has been technically revised.
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 3057:1998(E)
Non-destructive testing — Metallographic replica
techniques of surface examination
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies techniques of surface examination in which a transparent nitrocellulose
varnish, or plastic material, with or without supports, is used to record inhomogeneities, both mechanical and
metallurgical, in the condition of a metal surface.
The techniques specified in this International Standard have the advantage of being suitable for some locations
where access is restricted. In addition, the replicas can be inspected on site with low-power optical aids or they may
be transferred to a laboratory and examined under a powerful metallurgical microscope.
2 Surface preparation
2.1 Degreasing
The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned, degreased and dried. This is achieved by the application of a suitable,
approved solvent followed by acetone or alcohol and drying in heated air.
2.2 Macrographic preparation
This preparation is applicable to all surfaces, including those resulting from service conditions, and to fracture faces.
It calls for nothing more than the cleaning, degreasing and drying referred to in 2.1 above.
2.3 Micrographic preparation
2.3.1 This is intended for examination aimed at revealing the metallurgical state of the surface. After degreasing,
the surface shall be subjected to series of mechanical grinding operations followed by series of mechanical
polishing operations, each one progressively finer than the preceding one. In general, the dressing of the surface
need not extend to a depth of more than 0,2 mm. In many cases, it will be considerably less. During these
operations, care should be taken to avoid over-heating and work-hardening the metal by ensuring that excessive
pr
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 3057
Deuxième édition
1998-03-15
Essais non destructifs — Techniques
de réplique métallographique pour
l’examen des surfaces
Non-destructive testing — Metallographic replica techniques of surface
examination
A
Numéro de référence
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération
mondiale d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de
l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une
étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore
étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en
ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques
sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication comme
Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 3057 a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 135, Essais non destructifs, sous-comité SC 2, Moyens d’examens
superficiels.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition
(ISO 3057:1974), dont elle constitue une révision technique.
©  ISO 1998
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publi-
cation ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro-
cédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord
écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
©
NORME INTERNATIONALE  ISO ISO 3057:1998(F)
Essais non destructifs — Techniques de réplique
métallographique pour l’examen des surfaces
1  Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie des techniques pour l’examen des surfaces dans lesquelles un vernis
nitrocellulose transparent ou une matière plastique avec ou sans support sont utilisés afin de noter l’inhomogénéité,
tant mécanique que métallurgique, d’une surface métallique.
Les techniques spécifiées dans la présente Norme internationale ont l’avantage de convenir dans certains endroits
où l’accès est limité. Par contre, les répliques peuvent être examinées sur place, à l’aide d’instruments optiques à
faible grossissement ou peuvent être transférées au laboratoire pour examen avec un microscope puissant.
2  Préparation de la surface
2.1  Dégraissage
La surface doit être minutieusement nettoyée, dégraissée et séchée. On atteint ce résultat par application d’un
solvant approprié et approuvé puis d’acétone ou d’alcool, et séchage à l’air chaud.
2.2  Préparation macrographique
Cette préparation est applicable à toutes les surfaces, y compris celles qui résultent des conditions de service et
aux faciès de rupture. Il ne faut rien de plus que le nettoyage, le dégraissage et le séchage mentionné en 2.1.
2.3  Préparation micrographique
2.3.1  Elle est destinée aux examens qui détermineront l’état métallurgique d’une surface. Après dégraissage, la
surface doit être soumise à une série d’opérations de polissage mécanique très fin, progressivement suivie par des
séries d’opérations de polissage, chacune progressivement meilleure que la précédente. En général, le dressage
de la surface ne nécessite pas d’atteindre une profondeur de 0,2 mm. Dans de nombreux cas, la profondeur
concernée est très inférieure. Pendant ces opérations, il faut absolument éviter, avec grand soin, un échauffement
et un écrouissage du métal en s’assurant
...

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