CEN/TC 190/WG 10 - Inner defects

This European Standard gives specific procedures for industrial X-ray and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using NDT (Non-destructive testing) film techniques. This part of EN 12681 specifies the requirements for film radiographic testing of castings.
Films after exposure and processing become radiographs with different area of optical density. Radiographs are viewed and evaluated using industrial radiographic illuminators.
This part of EN 12681 specifies the recommended procedure for the choice of operating conditions and radiographic practice.
These procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steel, cast iron, aluminium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc and any alloys of them.
NOTE   This European Standard considers EN ISO 5579.
This part of this European Standard does not apply to:
-   radiographic testing of castings for aerospace applications (see prEN 2002-21);
-   radiographic testing of welded joints (see EN ISO 17636-1);
-   radiography with digital detectors (see EN 12681-2);
-   radioscopic testing (see EN 13068, all parts).

This European Standard gives specific procedures for industrial X-ray and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using NDT (Non-destructive testing) digital X-ray image detectors. This part of EN 12681 specifies the requirements for digital radiographic testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDA) of castings.
Digital detectors provide a digital grey value image which can be viewed and evaluated using a computer.
NOTE   This part of EN 12681 complies with EN 14784-2 for CR. Some clauses and annexes are taken from EN ISO 17636-2.
This part of EN 12681 describes the recommended procedure for detector selection and radiographic practice. Selection of computer, software, monitor, printer and viewing conditions are important but are not the main focus of this standard. The procedure specified in this standard provides the minimum requirements for radiographic practice which permit exposure and acquisition of digital radiographs with equivalent sensitivity for detection of imperfections as film radiography, as specified in Part 1 of this standard.
The requirements on image quality in class A and B testing of Annex A consider the good workmanship quality for general casting applications as also required in Part 1 of this standard for film radiography.
The classes AA and BA reflect the quality requirements of current automated and semi-automated radiographic inspection systems with DDAs (computer based flaw recognition or visual inspection) and mini or micro focus tubes (spot size ≤ 1 mm) with reduced requirements to the unsharpness.
The described procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steel, cast iron, aluminium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, zinc and any alloys of them.
This part of this European Standard does not apply to:
- the testing of welded joints (see EN ISO 17636-2);
-   film radiography;
- real time testing with radioscopy.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This European Standard does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This European Standard does not apply to transmission technique.
NOTE   The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.

This part of this standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with limited content of austenite) and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique. This part of this standard applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment, and with wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique.
This European Standard applies to the ultrasonic examination of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This European Standard does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and the techniques for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document does not apply to ultrasonic testing of the nodularity of spheroidal graphite cast irons.
This document does not apply to phased array technique and to transmission technique.
NOTE   The transmission technique has insufficient sensitivity to detect the discontinuities found in spheroidal graphite cast iron castings and is used in exceptional cases only.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.
For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to test procedure and recording levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

This European Standard gives specific procedures for industrial X-radiation and gamma radiography for flaw detection purposes, using film techniques, applicable to castings, especially of steel and iron, magnesium and zinc, of copper and nickel based alloys, and aluminium and titanium alloys. Acceptance criteria are not part of this standard. This standard does not apply to radioscopical applications (real time inspection.

This part of this standard specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings for turbine components (with limited content of austenite) and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique. This part of this standard applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain refining treatment, and with wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm.