A01.05 - Steel Reinforcement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, dimensional and mechanical property requirements for plain and deformed steel wire and welded wire reinforcements produced from hot-rolled rods that are to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Tension test procedures are detailed for each type of wire reinforcement to examine their adherence to specified tensile strength, yield strength, and reduction of area requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon-steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled rod to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. The steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed, as-drawn or galvanized), or deformed. Welded wire reinforcement is made from plain or deformed wire, or a combination of plain and deformed wire. Common wire sizes and dimensions are given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.    
Note 1: Welded wire for concrete reinforcement has historically been described by various terms: welded wire fabric, WWF, fabric, and mesh. The wire reinforcement industry has adopted the term welded wire reinforcement (WWR) as being more representative of the applications of the products being manufactured. Therefore, the term welded wire fabric has been replaced with the term welded wire reinforcement in this specification and in related specifications.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets (except in Table 2 and Table 4). The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standard types and grade requirements of seven-wire, uncoated steel strands for use in the construction of pre-tensioned and post-tensioned pre-stressed concrete. The two types of strand are low-relaxation and stress-relieved (normal relaxation). The base metal shall be made of carbon steel and shall undergo stranding and continuous thermal and mechanical treatment. Mechanical testing methods shall be performed to determine the breaking strength, yield strength, elongation, and stress relaxation properties wherein the strand shall conform to the required mechanical attributes of the product. Final products shall be furnished on reels or in reelless packs for packaging and marked with two strong tags for identification. The requirements specified herein shall also be applicable for pre-stressed ground anchor construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two grades of low-relaxation, seven-wire steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. Grade 250 [1725] and Grade 270 [1860] have minimum tensile strengths of 250 ksi [1725 MPa] and 270 ksi [1860 MPa], respectively, based on the nominal area of the strand.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bond strength testing of 0.600 in. [15.24 mm] diameter Grade 270 [1860] strand for applications in prestressed ground anchors is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.3 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A416) or in SI units (as Specification A416M).  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seven-wire uncoated, indented, stress-relieved carbon steel strands for use in pre-stressed concrete construction. Wire dimensions, indentations, and mechanical properties shall be in accordance to the values specified in this specification. The carbon steel strand is produced to satisfy only the specified mechanical properties, this specification contains no information on the chemical composition of the wires.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low-relaxation, indented, Grade 270I [1860I] seven-wire steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. Grade 270I [1860I] has a minimum tensile strength of 270 ksi [1860 MPa] based on the nominal area of the strand.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A886) or in SI units (as Specification A886M).  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance:  
5.1.1 The bar-splice assembly test specimen shall closely represent the mechanical splice used in practice. The behavior of the bar-splice assembly embedded in concrete, however, may differ from its behavior during testing where it is not embedded in concrete.  
5.2 Usefulness:  
5.2.1 Testing of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars shall establish the behavior of the bar-splice assembly under the loading conditions described herein for the various test methods to determine the acceptability of the mechanical splice for use in reinforced concrete structural members under specific design criteria.  
5.3 Interpretation of Test Results:  
5.3.1 Similar or better performance of mechanical splices installed in structural members shall be expected only if materials and methods of assembly are similar to the materials and methods used in the tests.
SCOPE
1.1 General—This specification covers the qualification requirements and test methods of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars. Qualification requirements are located in Annex A1. The various tests herein described can be specified in total or individually.  
1.2 The test methods herein described are applicable to any type of mechanical splice manufactured to join steel reinforcing bars of any grade (specified minimum yield strength), uncoated or coated.
Note 1: Various code-writing bodies specify various parameters, such as test loads, number of cycles and test temperature, for testing.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, deformed and plane for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils. The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using the basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or open-hearth process. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required chemical compositions of carbon, chromium, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Steel specimens shall also undergo deformations test, tensile test, and bend test. Steel specimens shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, stress, and elongation. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. These bars are furnished in three alloy types depending on the chromium range content. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.2  
1.2 Bars are of two minimum yield strength levels as defined in 9.2: namely, 100 000 psi [690 MPa], and 120 000 psi [830 MPa] designated as Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830], respectively.  
1.3 Bars are furnished to three different chemical compositions, designated as Alloy Type CL, CM, and CS. Chemical compositions are shown in Table 2.  
1.4 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 2.25 in. [57.2 mm] 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils and cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.
Note 1: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used.
Note 2: Designers need to be aware that design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar size included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.  
1.5 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.4).  
1.6 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bend testing of bar designation Nos. 14 and 18 [43, 57], and bar designation Nos. 40, 50, and 60 in Annex A1, is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.8 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1035) or in SI units (as Specification A1035M).  
1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uncoated, deformed, stress-relieved, and low-relaxation wire for use as prestressed tendons in concrete railroad ties. Deformed wires with nominal diameters shall be supplied in coils and shall conform to specified values of breaking strength requirements. The relaxation losses of normal stress-relieved and low-relaxation stress-relieved wires should not exceed the specified limits. The two acceptable types of deformed wire shall have specific dimensions of deformations, where the depth of indent shall be the average depth of six or more random indents measured at maximum depth. The material shall be tested on and shall conform to specified values of the following mechanical properties: breaking strength, load at 1% extension, elongation, bending, and relaxation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers indented, low-relaxation steel wire for use in prestressed concrete.  
1.2 The text of this specification contains notes or footnotes, or both, that provide explanatory material. Such notes and footnotes do not contain any mandatory information.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A881) or in SI units (as Specification A881M).  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray method followed by a texturing surface treatment material.  
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 Other organic coatings and texturing surface treatment materials may be used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.  
1.3 Requirements for coatings are contained in Annex A1 of Specification A775/A775M.  
1.4 Requirements for texturing surface treatment material are contained in Annex A1.  
1.5 Requirements for patching material are contained in Annex A2 of Specification A775/A775M.  
1.6 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.7 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1124) or SI units [as Specification A1124M].  
1.8 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the standard procedures for establishing the relative bond strength of Grade 270 prestressing steel strands of specified diameter in cement grout as used in prestressed ground anchors for evaluating the effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength. The bond strength values obtained shall not be used to design the bond strength of ground anchors that depend on field conditions. This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test for pretensioned concrete applications. The test specimen shall be cut from standard production coils and shall not be wiped or cleaned. Pull test shall be made in accordance with the method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Seven-wire steel strand is used in pre-tensioned and post-tensioned concrete construction.  
4.2 0.600 in. [15.24 mm] diameter, Grade 270 seven-wire steel strand is used to make prestressed ground anchors which are often bonded to cement grout.  
4.3 Manufacturing processes, subsequent handling, and storage conditions may influence the strand bond.  
4.4 The primary use of this test method is to establish the relative bond strength of 0.600 in. [15.24 mm] seven-wire steel strand.  
4.5 The relative bond strength is determined by recording the pullout force at a certain displacement of the strand.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the relative bond strength of 0.600 in. [15.24 mm] diameter, Grade 270 [1860] seven-wire steel strand in cement grout as used in prestressed ground anchors for the purpose of evaluating the effects of manufacturing practices on bond strength.  
1.2 The bond strength values obtained are not intended to be used to design the bond length of ground anchors that depend on field conditions.  
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used as a bond test for prestressed concrete applications.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths or coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications. Restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The steel shall be electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth processed. Tension test, bend test, and one set of dimensional property tests including bar weight and spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall be made of each bar size rolled from a heat. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. A retest shall be provided when the specimen fails to meet the strength and elongation property requirements of the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 General—This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications where restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.  
1.2 Grade—Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels: namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000 psi [690 MPa] designated as Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.  
1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered, shall be furnished under this specification. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.  
1.4 Controlled Tensile Properties—This specification limits tensile properties (Table 2) to provide the desired yield/tensile properties for controlled tensile property applications.  
1.5 Welding—This specification limits chemical composition (6.2) and carbon equivalent (6.4) to enhance the weldability of the material. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. The use of the latest edition of AWS D1.4/D1.4M is recommended. The AWS D1.4/D1.4M Welding Code describes the proper selection of the filler metals, preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as, performance and procedure qualification requirements.
Note 1: As a result of the 117 000 psi minimum tensile strength for Grade 100 [690], users of this specification should be aware that ACI 318 Type 1 mechanical splice requirements of 125 % of specified yield strength requirements in tension and compression, found in many acceptance criteria, may result in an invalid mechanical splice qualification or verification test when the tensile strength of the bar is between 117 000 psi and 125 000 psi.  
1.6 Annex A2 describes the methods for determination of uniform elongation (Elu). Annex A2 is mandatory when Supplementary Requirement S1 is specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.6).  
1.7 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.5).  
1.8 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.  
1.9 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (Specification A706) or in SI units [Specification A706M].  
1.10 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated ...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers zinc-coated steel welded wire reinforcement, plain and deformed, or a combination of deformed and plain wires, for reinforcement of concrete, in sizes not less than 0.080 in. [2.03 mm] and over nominal diameter for plain wire and 0.113 in. [2.87 mm] and over for deformed wire.  
1.2 This specification is intended to be applicable to cold-worked wire, drawn or rolled, plain or deformed, coated in a continuous process.  
1.3 An alternative to a continuous coating process of wire before fabrication is a hot-dip process, where the welded wire reinforcement is immersed in a bath of molten zinc.
Note 1: Data on the corrosion resistance of galvanized steels in concrete are limited. The user is cautioned that the laboratory testing performed on this material has been insufficient and may not accurately reflect the performance of the material when embedded in concrete as reinforcement.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
Specification covers masonry joint reinforcements fabricated from cold-drawn steel wires. It specifies that joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires. Wire used in the manufacture of masonry joint reinforcement shall be round. Masonry joint reinforcement shall then be assembled by automatic machines or by other suitable mechanical means that will assure accurate spacing and alignment of all members of the finished product. Longitudinal and cross wires shall be securely connected at every intersection by an electric-resistance welding process and then it shall be deformed. Tension, weld shear strength, and bend tests shall be performed on the samples. When corrosion protection of joint reinforcement has been provided, it shall be either zinc coated mill or hot-dip galvanized.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel and galvanized carbon steel masonry joint reinforcement fabricated from cold-drawn steel wire. Joint reinforcement consists of longitudinal wires welded to cross wires.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcements from hot-rolled stainless steel rod to be used as concrete reinforcement with corrosion resistant and magnetic permeability properties. The material shall be cold-worked, drawn or rolled, and plain or deformed. Materials shall adhere to deformation requirements. Tensile, yield, and weld shear strengths shall be measured. Bend tests shall also be performed. Dimensional requirements and permissible variations in width, length, weight, density, cross-sectional area, diameter, and average spacings of wires are specified. Guidelines for sampling, inspection, rejection, retest, certification, and packaging are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided and shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S1 should be ordered.  
1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless alloy) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, Specification A276 shall be used for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets. Examples of austenitic stainless steel designations are Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and examples of duplex stainless steel designations are Type 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900].
Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications.  
1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.
Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement.  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel stud assemblies for shear reinforcement of concrete. Stud assemblies consist of either single-headed studs (Type 1) attached to a structural steel base rail by structural welding or stud welding, or double-headed studs (Type 2) mechanically crimped into a non-structural steel shape or attached to a steel plate by spot welding or tack welding. These stud assemblies are not intended for use as shear connectors in steel-concrete composite construction.
Note 1: The configuration of the studs for stud assemblies is much different than the configuration of the headed-type studs prescribed in Clause 9, Figure 9.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the head-to-shank of the AWS D1.1/D1.1M studs range from about 2.5 to 4. In contrast, this specification requires the area of the head of the studs for stud assemblies to be at least 10 times the area of the shank. Thus, the standard headed-type studs in Clause 9, Figure 9.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M do not conform to the requirements of this specification for use as stud assemblies for shear reinforcement.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units or in SI units.  
1.3 The values stated either in inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the standard procedures for establishing the relative bond strength of steel reinforcing bars in concrete using beam-end specimens. This test method shall determine the effects of surface preparation or condition (such as bar coatings) on the bond strength of deformed steel reinforcing bars to concrete. The bond strengths obtained using this test method shall not be directly applicable to the design of reinforced concrete members. The beam-end test specimen shall be fabricated by casting, and conditioned by curing prior to tensile load test. The test system shall consist of the loading system, compression reaction plate, and bar displacement measurement device.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures to establish the relative bond strength of steel reinforcing bars in concrete.  
1.2 This test method is intended to determine the effects of surface preparation or condition (such as bar coatings) on the bond strength of deformed steel reinforcing bars (of sizes ranging from No. 3 to No. 11 [No. 10 to No. 36]) to concrete.  
1.3 The bond strengths obtained using this test method are not directly applicable to the design of reinforced concrete members.
Note 1: The bond strengths obtained using this test method are generally higher than obtained in development or splice tests using beams with the same embedment lengths. The results obtained using this test method should only be used for comparisons with results for other reinforcing bars tested using this method.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with a dual coating of zinc alloy and an epoxy coating. The zinc alloy layer shall be applied by the thermal spray coating method followed by an epoxy coating, which shall be applied by the electrostatic spray method. The zinc coating shall conform to the required chemical composition for aluminum, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, tin, antimony, silver, bismuth, arsenic, nickel, magnesium, titanium, and zinc. The coated steel reinforcing bars shall conform to bend test requirements and to physical properties such as coating thickness, coating continuity, epoxy coating flexibility, and coating adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with a dual coating of zinc-alloy followed by an epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray method.  
1.2 The zinc-alloy coating is produced as one of two types: zinc-alloy applied by the thermal spray method (Type I) or zinc-alloy applied in accordance with Specification A1094/A1094M (Type II).
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.3 Requirements for the zinc coating are contained in Table 1.  
1.4 Requirements for epoxy powder coatings are contained in Annex A1.  
1.5 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.7 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units [as Specification A1055] or SI units [as Specification A1055M].  
1.8 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, except as specifically noted in Table 2. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.9 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars. Steel samples shall be blast cleaned and shall be coated with a protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating by electrostatic spray or other suitable method. The steel specimens shall undergo deformation test, holiday checks, bending tests, and cathodic disbondment test. The steels materials shall conform to the required values of coating thickness, continuity, flexibility, adhesion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars which prior to surface preparation are prefabricated and then coated with a protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating by electrostatic spray or other suitable method.  
1.2 Prefabricated steel reinforcing bars coated with fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating in accordance with this specification are intended to be fabricated before being coated.  
1.3 Organic coatings other than epoxy may be used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.  
1.4 Requirements for epoxy coatings are contained in Annex A1.  
1.5 Requirements for patching material are contained in Annex A2 in Specification A775/A775M.  
1.6 Guidelines for application process and product test procedures of epoxy coatings for steel reinforcing bars are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.7 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site for coated steel reinforcing bars are presented in Appendix X2.  
1.8 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A934) or SI [metric] units [as Specification A934M].  
1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers plain steel dowel bars with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating for use in concrete pavements.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1078) or in SI units (as Specification A1078M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray method. The surface of the steel reinforcing bars to be coated shall be cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to near-white metal. The number and frequency of tests for coating thickness, continuity, flexibility and adhesion are specified. If the specimen for coating thickness or flexibility fails to meet the specified requirements, two retests on random samples shall be conducted for each failed test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray method.
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 Other organic coatings may be used provided they meet the requirements of this specification.  
1.3 Requirements for coatings are contained in Annex A1.  
1.4 Requirements for patching material are contained in Annex A2.  
1.5 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.6 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A775) or SI units [as Specification A775M].  
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel fibers intended for use in fiber-reinforced concrete. The fibers shall be straight or deformed and of Types I (cold-drawn wire), II (cut sheet), III (melt-extracted), IV (mill cut), and V ( modified cold-drawn wire). Tensile and bend tests of randomly-selected finished fibers shall be performed. Measurement of dimensions shall be performed and values should conform to permissible variations of length, nominal length, diameter, equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and nominal aspect ratio. Guidelines for inspection, rejection, rehearing, certification, and packaging are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum requirements for steel fibers intended for use in fiber-reinforced concrete. Five types of steel fibers for this purpose are defined as pieces of smooth or deformed cold-drawn wire; smooth or deformed cut sheet; melt-extracted fibers; mill-cut or modified cold-drawn wire steel fibers that are sufficiently small to be dispersed at random in a concrete mixture.  
1.2 This specification provides for measurement of dimensions, tolerances from specified dimensions, and required minimum physical properties, and prescribes testing procedures to establish conformance to these requirements.  
1.3 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of a conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Steel wire for concrete reinforcement is used in various applications wherein the wire is expected to transfer passive or prestressing forces to the structural member via the bond of the exposed wire surfaces to the surrounding concrete.  
5.2 Wire manufacturing processes, subsequent handling, and storage conditions can influence the wire bond.  
5.3 Steel wire for concrete reinforcement is used in construction applications with a variety of concrete mixtures. Developing test methods and threshold values for the performance of the wire in each of these unique mixtures is impractical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for evaluating bond of individual steel wire, indented or plain, for concrete reinforcement. The bond determined by this test method is stated as the tensile force needed to pull the wire through the cured mortar in a cylindrical steel casing.  
1.2 The result of the test is the maximum tensile force measured on the loaded end of the wire recorded at a free-end slip less than or equal to 0.10 in. [2.5 mm].  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcements in cut lengths and coils. Materials considered under this specification are available in Grades 40 [280], 60 [420] and 75 [520]. Steel samples shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur. Steel specimens shall also undergo tensile tests and shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. Steel samples shall also undergo deformation test, tension test and bend tests. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. Annex A2 of this specification covers deformed bars for use for other applications. Steel bars containing alloy additions, such as with the Association for Iron and Steel Technology and the Society of Automotive Engineers series of alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting product meets all the other requirements of this specification. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.    
1.2 Unless specified for use for other applications in Annex A2, bars are of four minimum yield strength levels: namely, 40 000 psi [280 MPa], 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000 psi [690 MPa], designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.
Note 1: Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars were introduced in this specification in 2015. In contrast to the lower grades, which have ratios of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength that range from 1.25 to 1.50, Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars have a ratio of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength of 1.15. Users of this specification should be aware that there will, therefore, be a lower margin of safety and reduced warning of failure following yielding when Grade 100 [690] bars are used in structural members where strength is governed by the tensile strength of the reinforcement, primarily in beams and slabs. As a result of the lower specified tensile strength to specified yield strength ratio of 1.15 for Grade 100 [690], users of this specification should be aware that ACI 318 Type 1 mechanical and welded splice requirements found in many acceptance criteria of 125 % of specified yield strength requirements in tension and compression are not applicable to Grade 100 [690]. Mechanical and welded splices should meet a minimum specified tensile strength of 115 000 psi [790 MPa] for Grade 100 [690].
Note 2: Users of this specification need to be aware that consensus design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.  
1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.  
Note 3: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. T...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the fabrication and jobsite requirements for deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating. The fabrication of steel reinforcing bars after coating shall meet the requirements prescribed. The storage, handling and placement at the jobsite of epoxy-coated steel reinforcing bars shall meet the requirements prescribed. The repair method of damage incurred during fabrication and incurred during shipment and handling at the job sites shall meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and jobsite requirements for deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied in accordance with Specification A775/A775M.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (as Specification D3963M) or inch-pound units (as Specification D3963).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uncoated, high-strength, hard-drawn steel wire for prestressed concrete tanks and similar structures. Steel samples shall be processed by either open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric furnace melting process. The wires shall be cold-drawn as well. Cast or heat analysis and product analysis shall be performed wherein the steel materials shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Steel specimens shall also undergo tensile tests, wrap tests, and torsion tests. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers uncoated, high-strength, hard-drawn steel wire for use in the construction of prestressed concrete tanks and similar structures. In application, the wire is continuously wrapped on the structure maintaining tension by a device using a wire drawing die, or mechanical tensioning system without re-drawing.  
1.2 This specification is applicable only to the condition of the wire as delivered to the purchaser. It is not applicable to the properties or condition of the wire after application.  
1.2.1 Type A wire is to be tensioned by drawing through a wire drawing die or by a mechanical system without re-drawing.  
1.2.2 Type B wire is drawn to finished diameter by the manufacturer for tensioning by a mechanical system without re-drawing.  
Note 1: Type A wire, when tensioned by drawing through a die, may not function properly if the purchaser does not ensure that during application the surface of the wire is free of rust and foreign materials that can be detrimental to good wire drawing practice. Further, the purchaser should ensure that proper wire drawing techniques are followed, including adequate lubrication, cooling, and proper die mechanics.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pounds units (as Specification A821) or in SI units (as Specification A821M).  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of uncoated stress-relieved round high-carbon steel wire commonly used in prestressed linear concrete construction. These two types are the type BA used for applications in which cold-end deformation is used for anchoring purposes and type WA wire which is used for application in which the ends are anchored by wedges, no cold-end deformation of the wire is involved. Required tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be evaluated using stress-relaxation test. Heat analysis shall be used to determine the percentage of specified elements especially sulfur and phosphorus to meet the required chemical composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of stress-relieved round high-carbon steel wire used in prestressed concrete construction, as follows:  
1.1.1 Type BA wire is used for applications in which cold-end deformation is used for anchoring purposes (Button Anchorage), and  
1.1.2 Type WA wire is used for application in which the ends are anchored by wedges, and no cold-end deformation of the wire is involved (Wedge Anchorage).  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where low-relaxation wire and relaxation testing for that product is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pounds units (as Specification A421) or in SI units (as Specification A421M).  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uncoated, stress-relieved steel bars for prestressed concrete railroad ties. Analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical requirements specified by the specification. Mechanical requirements including test method, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and wrapping test are provided. One test specimen each for the tensile test and the wrapping test shall be taken for every 10 coils or fraction thereof in a lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low-relaxation steel bars for use in prestressed concrete railroad ties.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pounds units (as Specification A911) or in SI units (as Specification A911M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Prestressing steel strand is used in pre-tensioned and post-tensioned concrete construction.  
5.2 In pre-tensioned concrete applications, the prestressing steel strand is expected to transfer prestressing forces to the structural member by means of the adhesion (that is, bond) of the exposed wire strand surfaces to the surrounding cementitous material.  
5.3 Manufacturing processes, subsequent handling, and storage conditions can influence the strand bond.  
5.4 Prestressing steel strand is used in construction applications with a variety of concrete mixtures. Developing tests and threshold values for the performance of the strand in each of these unique mixtures is impractical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for determining the bond of seven-wire steel prestressing strand. The bond determined by this test method is stated as the tensile force required to pull the strand through the cured mortar in a cylindrical steel casing. The result of the test is the tensile force measured on the loaded-end of the strand corresponding to a movement of 0.1 in. [2.5 mm] at the free-end of the strand.  
1.2 This test method is applicable either in inch-pound units (as Test Method A1081) or SI units (as Test Method A1081M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the test method.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers requirements for steel reinforcing bars, with protective zinc or zinc-alloy coatings applied by the continuous hot-dip process. Continuous hot-dip galvanizing refers to the process of uninterrupted passage of long lengths of steel products through a molten bath of zinc or zinc-alloy. To control alloy formation and promote adhesion of the zinc or zinc-alloy coating with the steel base metal, the molten coating metal composition typically contains a percentage of aluminum ranging from 0.05 to 0.25. This aluminum is purposely supplied to the molten coating bath, either as a specified ingredient in the zinc spelter or by the addition of a master alloy containing aluminum.
This specification prescribes ordering information (including specification for reinforcing bars to be coated, quantity of bars, and size and grade of bars) as well as requirements for steel reinforcing bars and coating bath metal; minimum average coating thickness grade and equivalent weight [mass]; finish and adherence of coating; inspection and certification; and permissible amount of damaged coating and repair of damaged coating.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel reinforcing bars, with protective zinc or zinc-alloy coatings applied by the continuous hot-dip process.
Note 1: The galvanizer is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.3 Guidelines for use of continuous hot-dip galvanized reinforcing bars with non-galvanized steel forms are presented in Appendix X2.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the specification.  
1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1094) or SI units (as Specification A1094M).  
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.7 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The breaking strength and elongation of the strand are determined by one or more tensile tests in which fracture of the specimen ideally occurs in the free span.  
4.2 Mechanical properties of the strand will be negatively affected if proper care is not taken to prevent damage such as severe bending, abrasion, or nicking of the strand during sampling.  
4.3 Premature failure of the test specimens may result if there is appreciable notching, cutting, or bending of the specimen by the gripping devices of the testing machine.  
4.4 Errors in testing will result if the wires constituting the strand are not loaded uniformly.  
4.5 The mechanical properties of the strand will be materially affected by excessive heating during test specimen collection or preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for testing the mechanical properties of multi-wire steel prestressing strand.  
1.2 These test methods are intended for use in evaluating specific strand properties prescribed in specifications for multi-wire steel prestressing strand, but they do not quantify acceptance criteria specified in the applicable specification for the strand being tested.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain austenitic and duplex (austenitic/duplex) stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement proposed to be used in applications requiring corrosion resistance, controlled tensile properties or controlled magnetic permeability. For each specimen, one tension test, one bend test, if required, and one set of dimensional property tests shall be made. If the results of the test fail to meet the specified minimum requirements, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens for each original tension specimen failure from the lot. If a specimen fails a bend test due to reasons other than mechanical or flaws, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens from the same lot.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain stainless steel bars for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils used in applications requiring resistance to corrosion, restrictive mechanical properties, or controlled magnetic permeability. This specification has a minimum actual tensile strength to actual yield strength ratio (Table 3). The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their numerical designation shall be those listed in Table 1.    
1.1.1 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where a controlled magnetic permeability product is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S1 applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.1.2 A supplementary controlled mechanical properties requirement (S2) is provided for use where a restricted yield strength range and a higher actual tensile to actual yield strength ratio is required by the purchaser. Supplementary Requirement S2 applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.2 The chemical composition of the stainless steel alloy shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. This is an important consideration in achieving the desired corrosion resistance or controlled magnetic permeability, or both, because these properties are not provided by all stainless steels.  
1.3 Corrosion Resistance requirements are contained in Section 11 and Annex A1 and the test procedures options are Annex A2 (Rapid Macrocell Test) or Annex A3 (Cracked Beam Test).  
1.4 The requirements for introduction of new alloys into a mandatory chemical composition requirements table in this specification are given in Annex A5.  
1.5 Requirements for the relative deformation area of three-sided deformed bars are contained in Annex A4.  
1.6 Bars are of three minimum yield strength levels, namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 75 000 psi [520 MPa], and 80 000 psi [550 MPa], designated as Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], or Grade 80 [550], respectively.  
1.7 Plain bars in sizes up to and including 2 in. [50.8 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths are furnished in accordance with this specification in Grade 60 [420], Grade 75 [520], and Grade 80 [550], respectively. Mechanical testing, when required, shall be to the nearest nominal deformed bar size. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable to plain bars.  
1.8 When stainless steel is to be welded, use a procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service.  
Note 1: Welding of stainless steel reinforcement would occur after shipment from the manufacturer. Structural welding should be performed in accordance with the latest edition of AWS D1.6/D1.6M, any other internationally accepted stainless steel welding code, or a procedure suggested by the material manufacturer. AWS D1.6/D1.6M describes the proper selection of the filler metals, temperature control, as well as, performance, procedure qualification and inspection requirements.  
1.9 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A955) or in SI units (as Specification A955M).  
1.10 The text of this specification references notes and ...

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low-relaxation, seven-wire, Grade 240 [1655], stainless steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. Grade 240 [1655] has a minimum tensile strength of 240 ksi [1655 MPa] based on the nominal area of the strand.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1114) or in SI units (as Specification A1114M).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with this specification, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers filled epoxy-coated seven-wire prestressing steel strands with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic deposition method. This specification also covers relaxation loss limits for filled epoxy coated strands. Prestressing steel strands shall be free of contaminants such as oil, grease, or paint. Steel strand surfaces shall be cleaned to meet coating requirements, such as coating thickness, coating continuity, coating adhesion, coating composition, and coating bond with concrete or grout. Smooth or grit-impregnated coating shall be applied by the electrostatic deposition method or other method that will meet the coating requirements. Pullout tests shall be performed three times annually or maybe repeated if the coating failed to meet the requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven-wire steel prestressing strand with protective fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating applied by the electrostatic deposition method or other suitable method, with the interstices of the seven wires filled with epoxy to minimize migration of corrosive media, either by capillary action or other hydrostatic forces.  
Note 1: The manufacturer as identified throughout this specification is the coating applicator.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bond strength testing of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter grade 270 [1860] epoxy-coated strand for applications in prestressed ground anchors is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.3 Requirements for epoxy powder coatings are contained in Annex A1.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A882) or SI units [as Specification A882M].  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Hard-drawn steel wire as used in prestressed concrete pipe may be exposed to elemental hydrogen favorable to hydrogen induced embrittlement and cracking. Resistance to hydrogen embrittlement is necessary for prestressing wire to provide long-term performance to installed pipe.  
4.2 The length of time that a stressed wire specimen resists failure while exposed to a heated solution of NH4SCN, is an indication of the specimen's resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures to determine the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistance of hard-drawn steel wire used for prestressed concrete pipe.  
1.2 HE resistance is reported as time-to-failure of specimens tested in a laboratory.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers materials in mat (or sheet) form fabricated from hot-rolled, plain steel bars or rods to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Mats consist of two layers of bars or rods that are assembled by welding at right angles to each other. Welding shall be done in such a way that the minimum tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation requirements shall be met. Tension and shear tests shall be performed to meet the required strength and elongation properties and maximum size of a bar or rod material. A retest shall be performed when a specimen fails to meet the specified requirements. All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of fabrication prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with fabricating operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material in mat (or sheet) form fabricated from hot-rolled, plain steel bars or rods to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Mats are made from two layers of bars or rods that are assembled by welding the intersections at right angles to each other.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as A704) or in SI units [as A704M].  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.4 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard guide for welded deformed steel bar mats for concrete reinforcement. Mats should be capable of withstanding static load exerted perpendicular to the plane of the mat tending to separate the bars with no apparent loosening when applied to one intersection of the connected bars. Tension tests shall be performed on the specimen to determine the conformance to reference test materials. Also, test of connections against separation shall be performed on an assembled mat by placing blocks under a deformed bar in the upper layer and applying the prescribed load upon the bar in the lower layer.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material in mat (or sheet) form fabricated from deformed steel bars to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Mats are made from two layers of bars that are assembled by welding the intersections at right angles to each other.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A184) or SI units (as Specification A184M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers steel reinforcing bars with protective zinc coatings applied by dipping the properly prepared reinforcing bars into a molten bath of zinc. Galvanization shall be used to prepare reinforcing bars. The galvanizer shall be permitted to subject the newly coated steel reinforcing bars to air or steam wiping to remove excess zinc from the bars. The mass of zinc coating shall conform to specified requirements. The mass of the coating shall be determined by magnetic thickness gage measurements. Stripping method, weighing before and after galvanizing, and microscopy method shall be used to referee the results obtained by magnetic thickness measurements. A retest shall be provided if the average zinc coating mass fails to meet the requirements. The galvanized coating shall be chromate treated.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel reinforcing bars with protective zinc coatings applied by immersing the properly prepared reinforcing bars into a molten bath of zinc.  
Note 1: The galvanizer is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 Guidelines for construction practices at the job-site are presented in Appendix X1.  
1.3 Guidelines for use of zinc-coated (galvanized) reinforcing bars with non-galvanized steel forms are presented in Appendix X2.  
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A767) or SI units (as Specification A767M).  
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers plain and deformed steel wire and plain and deformed steel welded wire reinforcement with protective epoxy coating for use in concrete, masonry and mechanically stabilized earth applications. The materials under this specification shall be in accordance with other ASTM documents enlisted herein. Tests for coating thickness and continuity shall be made on each size of wire or style of welded wire reinforcement. Bend tests for coating flexibility shall be conducted on at least one wire of each size or style or welded wire reinforcement. If the specimen fails to meet the specified requirements for coating thickness, continuity, or bend test (if applicable), two retests on random specimens shall be conducted for each failed test. If both retests meet the specified requirements, the coated material represented by the specimens shall be accepted.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers plain and deformed steel wire and plain and deformed steel welded wire reinforcement with protective epoxy coating. A Class A minimum coating thickness is required for wire and welded wire reinforcement intended for use in concrete and masonry. A Class B minimum coating thickness is required for wire and welded wire reinforcement intended for use in mechanically stabilized earth applications. A Type 1 coating is a fusion-bonded epoxy coating that has been formulated to be sufficiently flexible to allow bending of the coated wire or welded wire reinforcement. A Type 2 coating is a fusion-bonded epoxy coating that has not been designed to be sufficiently flexible to allow bending of the coated wire or welded wire reinforcement.
Note 1: The coating applicator is identified throughout this specification as the manufacturer.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A884) or SI units [as Specification A884M].  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other except as specifically noted in Table 1. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.    
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths with a head attached to one or both ends for reinforcing concrete structures. This standard applies only to headed bars with welded, threaded or forged heads. Material, manufacturing and testing requirements for the reinforcing bars shall be in accordance with other ASTM documents listed herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed steel reinforcing bars in cut lengths, with a head attached to one or both ends, for concrete reinforcement. Heads are forge-formed, machined from bar stock, or cut from plate. Attachment can be accomplished through:  
1.1.1 Welding;  
1.1.2 Integrally hot forging of a head from the reinforcing bar end;  
1.1.3 Internal threads in the head mating to threads on the bar end;  
1.1.4 Cold-swaging an externally threaded coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;  
1.1.5 Cold-extruding an external coupling sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;  
1.1.6 Cold-swaging an external coupling sleeve or headed sleeve onto the reinforcing bar;  
1.1.7 Attaching a coupling sleeve to the end of the reinforcing bar by means of the means of a ferrous-filler medium; or  
1.1.8 Separate threaded nut to secure the head to the bar.
Note 1: The requirements of this specification are only applicable to headed bars where the attachment of the head is accomplished by one of the methods listed in 1.1.  
1.2 Limitations on head dimensions and on obstructions and interruptions of bar deformations on the non-planar features on the bearing face of the head are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.3).  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units as Specification A970 or SI units as Specification A970M.  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uncoated high-strength steel bars intended for use in pretensioned and post-tensioned prestressed concrete construction or in prestressed ground anchors. Two types of bars are considered: Type I bar, which has a plain surface and Type II bar, which has surface deformations. The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of ingot cast or strand cast steel. The bars shall be subjected to cold-stressing and then shall be stress-relieved to produce the prescribed mechanical properties. Yield strength, elongation, and tension tests shall be performed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Type I and Type II high-strength steel bars intended for use in prestressed concrete construction or in prestressed ground anchors. Type I bars have a plain surface. Type II bars have surface deformations. Bars are of a minimum tensile strength level of 150 000 psi [1035 MPa].  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bend tests of bars are required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A722) or in SI units (as Specification A722M).  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types and two grades of 2- and 3-wire, uncoated weldless steel and strand for use in pretensioned and posttensioned prestressed concrete construction. One specimen for test shall be taken from each production lot of finished strand and tested for breaking strength, yield strength and elongation. Strands of Grades 250 and 270 shall conform to specified breaking strength and yield strength requirements. Low relaxation strand shall also be tested as prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types and two grades of 2-wire and 3-wire, uncoated steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. The two types of strand are low-relaxation and stress-relieved (normal-relaxation). Low-relaxation is to be regarded as the standard type. Stress-relieved (normal-relaxation) strand will not be furnished unless specifically ordered. The two grades are 250 [1725] and 270 [1860]. Grades 250 [1725] and 270 [1860] have minimum tensile strengths of 250 ksi [1725 MPa] and 270 ksi [1860 MPa] respectively, based on the nominal area of the strand.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A910) or in SI units (as Specification A910M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two classes of uncoated, high-strength, hard-drawn steel wires for use in the manufacture of prestressed concrete pipe. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process, and shall be free of injurious piping and undue segregation. The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desired mechanical properties and there shall be no welds or joints in the finished wire. Cast or heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical requirements specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and nitrogen. The tension and relaxation tests shall conform to the specified tensile requirements including tensile strength and breaking strength. Torsion test shall also be performed where test specimens shall be inspected for primary break shear area and longitudinal (spiral) splitting following completion of the test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two classes of uncoated, high-strength, hard-drawn steel wire for use in the manufacture of prestressed concrete pipe. In application, the wire is helically wrapped on the pipe maintaining tension by mechanical means not including drawing dies.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where hydrogen embrittlement (HE) resistance testing is required by the purchaser. Supplementary requirement (S1), which establishes acceptance criteria for HE resistance testing, applies only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following caveat pertains only to the test method portions of this specification, 6.3.3 and 6.5.3:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers seven-wire, uncoated, compacted, stress-relieved steel strand for prestressed concrete. The chemical requirements, mechanical requirements, and dimensions and permissible variations are presented. The mechanical requirement includes breaking strength, load at 1% extension and elongation. Different test method shall be performed on the strand that includes dimension test, breaking strength test, load at 1% extension test, elongation test and workmanship.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types and three grades of compacted, seven-wire, uncoated strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. The two types of strand are low-relaxation and stress-relieved (normal-relaxation). The three grades are 245 [1700], 260 [1800] and 270 [1860].  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A779) or in SI units (as Specification A779M).  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers rail-steel and axle-steel deformed bars for concrete reinforcement. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designation are presented. The carbon determination, deformation requirements and deformation measurement are provided. The material shall conform to the requirements prescribed by the specification. The yield point or yield strength shall be determined by either drop of the beam or halt in the gage of the testing machine, or by extension under load using an autographic diagram method. For all bar sizes a tension test, a bend test and a set of dimensional property tests including bar weight and spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall be made from each lot of 10 tons.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers rail-steel and axle-steel bars for concrete reinforcement. Three types of product are included, designated with a “rail symbol,” and an “R” for bars made of rail-steel and with an “A” for bars made of axle-steel. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1. All sizes and grades of all types may not be readily available; manufacturers should be consulted to verify availability.  (A) The nominal dimensions of a deformed bar are equivalent to those of a plain round bar having the same weight [mass] per foot [metre] as the deformed bar.(B) 9 [29] – 11 [36] axle-steel bars only.  
1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.3 Type “rail symbol” and Type R are of two minimum yield strength levels, namely 50 000 psi [350 MPa] and 60 000 psi [420 MPa] designated as Grade 50 [350] and Grade 60 [420], respectively. Type A is of two minimum yield levels, namely 40 000 psi [280 MPa] and 60 000 psi [420 MPa] designated as Grade 40 [280] and Grade 60 [420], respectively.  
1.4 The weldability of the steel is not a requirement of this specification.  
1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (Specification A996) or SI units (Specification A996M).  
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance:  
5.1.1 The bar-splice assembly test specimen shall closely represent the mechanical splice used in practice. The behavior of the bar-splice assembly embedded in concrete, however, may differ from its behavior during testing where it is not embedded in concrete.  
5.2 Usefulness:  
5.2.1 Testing of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars shall establish the behavior of the bar-splice assembly under the loading conditions described herein for the various test methods to determine the acceptability of the mechanical splice for use in reinforced concrete structural members under specific design criteria.  
5.3 Interpretation of Test Results:  
5.3.1 Similar or better performance of mechanical splices installed in structural members shall be expected only if materials and methods of assembly are similar to the materials and methods used in the tests.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of mechanical splices for reinforcing bars. The various tests herein described can be specified in total or individually.  
1.2 The test methods herein described are applicable to any type of mechanical splice manufactured to join steel reinforcing bars of any grade (specified minimum yield strength), uncoated or coated.  
1.3 This standard describes only the methods for testing mechanical splices for steel reinforcing bars, but does not quantify the parameters for testing nor acceptance criteria, which must be specified.
Note 1: Various code-writing bodies specify various parameters, such as test loads, number of cycles and test temperature, for testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, deformed and plane for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils. The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using the basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or open-hearth process. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required chemical compositions of carbon, chromium, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Steel specimens shall also undergo deformations test, tensile test, and bend test. Steel specimens shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, stress, and elongation. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. These bars are furnished in three alloy types depending on the chromium range content. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.2  
1.2 Bars are of two minimum yield strength levels as defined in 9.2: namely, 100 000 psi [690 MPa], and 120 000 psi [830 MPa] designated as Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830], respectively.  
1.3 Bars are furnished to three different chemical compositions, designated as Alloy Type CL, CM, and CS. Chemical compositions are shown in Table 2.  
1.4 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 2.25 in. [57.2 mm] 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils and cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.
Note 1: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used.
Note 2: Designers need to be aware that design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar size included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.  
1.5 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.4).  
1.6 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bend testing of bar designation Nos. 14 and 18 [43, 57], and bar designation Nos. 40, 50, and 60 in Annex A1, is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.8 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1035) or in SI units (as Specification A1035M).  
1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the...

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, dimensional and mechanical property requirements for plain and deformed steel wire and welded wire reinforcements produced from hot-rolled rods that are to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. Tension test procedures are detailed for each type of wire reinforcement to examine their adherence to specified tensile strength, yield strength, and reduction of area requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon-steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled rod to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. The steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed, as-drawn or galvanized), or deformed. Welded wire reinforcement is made from plain or deformed wire, or a combination of plain and deformed wire. Common wire sizes and dimensions are given in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.    
Note 1: Welded wire for concrete reinforcement has historically been described by various terms: welded wire fabric, WWF, fabric, and mesh. The wire reinforcement industry has adopted the term welded wire reinforcement (WWR) as being more representative of the applications of the products being manufactured. Therefore, the term welded wire fabric has been replaced with the term welded wire reinforcement in this specification and in related specifications.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets (except in Table 2 and Table 4). The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcements from hot-rolled stainless steel rod to be used as concrete reinforcement with corrosion resistant and magnetic permeability properties. The material shall be cold-worked, drawn or rolled, and plain or deformed. Materials shall adhere to deformation requirements. Tensile, yield, and weld shear strengths shall be measured. Bend tests shall also be performed. Dimensional requirements and permissible variations in width, length, weight, density, cross-sectional area, diameter, and average spacings of wires are specified. Guidelines for sampling, inspection, rejection, retest, certification, and packaging are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled stainless steel rod. The stainless steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed) or deformed or a combination of deformed and plain. It is used as concrete reinforcement for applications requiring resistance to corrosion or controlled magnetic permeability, or both. Common wire sizes and dimensions are found in this specification. Actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables.  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided and shall apply only when specified by the purchaser. In order to obtain a corrosion tested or controlled magnetic permeability product, steel conforming to Supplementary Requirement S1 should be ordered.  
1.3 The chemical composition of the steel (stainless alloy) shall be selected for suitability to the application involved by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, Specification A276 shall be used for chemical requirements. The UNS designations are to be included with the type number and noted in brackets. Examples of austenitic stainless steel designations are Type 304 [S30400], 304L [S30403], 316 [S31600], 316L [S31603], 316N [S31651], 316LN [S31653] and examples of duplex stainless steel designations are Type 2205 [S32205] and 329 [S32900].
Note 1: Only austenitic and duplex stainless steels are usually recommended for use as reinforcement in concrete because of their high corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steels have good general corrosion resistance, strength characteristics which can be improved by cold working, good toughness and ductility properties at low temperatures, and low magnetic permeability. Duplex stainless steels have generally a corrosion resistance greater than that of most austenitic steels and are magnetic. Other stainless steels with different chemical compositions than the series and types mentioned above, may be used for less restrictive applications.  
1.4 Wire for welded wire reinforcement is generally manufactured at 75 ksi [520 MPa] yield strength level. Other strength levels shall be by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer.
Note 2: The term used to refer to yield strength levels are the same as those in ASTM Standards for welded wire reinforcement.  
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers steel stud assemblies for shear reinforcement of concrete. Stud assemblies consist of either single-headed studs (Type 1) attached to a structural steel base rail by structural welding or stud welding, or double-headed studs (Type 2) mechanically crimped into a non-structural steel shape or attached to a steel plate by spot welding or tack welding. These stud assemblies are not intended for use as shear connectors in steel-concrete composite construction.
Note 1: The configuration of the studs for stud assemblies is much different than the configuration of the headed-type studs prescribed in Section 7, Figure 7.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M. Ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the head-to-shank of the AWS D1.1/D1.1M studs range from about 2.5 to 4. In contrast, this specification requires the area of the head of the studs for stud assemblies to be at least 10 times the area of the shank. Thus, the standard headed-type studs in Section 7, Figure 7.1 of AWS D1.1/D1.1M do not conform to the requirements of this specification for use as stud assemblies for shear reinforcement.  
1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units or in SI units.  
1.3 The values stated either in inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths or coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications. Restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The steel shall be electric-furnace, basic-oxygen, or open-hearth processed. Tension test, bend test, and one set of dimensional property tests including bar weight and spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall be made of each bar size rolled from a heat. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. A retest shall be provided when the specimen fails to meet the strength and elongation property requirements of the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 General—This specification covers deformed and plain low-alloy steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement intended for applications where restrictive mechanical properties and chemical composition are required for compatibility with controlled tensile property applications or to enhance weldability. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.  
1.2 Grade—Bars are of two minimum yield strength levels: namely, 60 000 psi [420 MPa] and 80 000 psi [550 MPa], designated as Grade 60 [420] and Grade 80 [550], respectively.  
1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered, shall be furnished under this specification. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.  
1.4 Controlled Tensile Properties—This specification limits tensile properties (Table 2) to provide the desired yield/tensile properties for controlled tensile property applications.  
1.5 Welding—This specification limits chemical composition (6.2) and carbon equivalent (6.4) to enhance the weldability of the material. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. The use of the latest edition of AWS D1.4/D1.4M is recommended. The AWS D1.4/D1.4M Welding Code describes the proper selection of the filler metals, preheat/interpass temperatures, as well as, performance and procedure qualification requirements.  
1.6 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.5).  
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables, shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.  
1.8 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (Specification A706) or in SI units [Specification A706M].  
1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with this specification.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles f...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The breaking strength and elongation of the strand are determined by one or more tensile tests in which fracture of the specimen ideally occurs in the free span.  
4.2 Mechanical properties of the strand will be negatively affected if proper care is not taken to prevent damage such as severe bending, abrasion, or nicking of the strand during sampling.  
4.3 Premature failure of the test specimens may result if there is appreciable notching, cutting, or bending of the specimen by the gripping devices of the testing machine.  
4.4 Errors in testing will result if the wires constituting the strand are not loaded uniformly.  
4.5 The mechanical properties of the strand will be materially affected by excessive heating during test specimen collection or preparation.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe procedures for testing the mechanical properties of multi-wire steel prestressing strand.  
1.2 These test methods are intended for use in evaluating specific strand properties prescribed in specifications for multi-wire steel prestressing strand, but they do not quantify acceptance criteria specified in the applicable specification for the strand being tested.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, deformed and plane for concrete reinforcement in cut lengths and coils. The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using the basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or open-hearth process. Heat analysis shall be performed wherein steel materials shall conform to required chemical compositions of carbon, chromium, manganese, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon. Steel specimens shall also undergo deformations test, tensile test, and bend test. Steel specimens shall conform to required values of tensile strength, yield strength, stress, and elongation. Final products shall be marked by a tag.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain low-carbon, chromium, steel bars, in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. These bars are furnished in three alloy types depending on the chromium range content. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.2  
1.2 Bars are of two minimum yield strength levels as defined in 9.2: namely, 100 000 psi [690 MPa], and 120 000 psi [830 MPa] designated as Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830], respectively.  
1.3 Bars are furnished to three different chemical compositions, designated as Alloy Type CL, CM, and CS. Chemical compositions are shown in Table 2.  
1.4 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 2.25 in. [57.2 mm] 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils and cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 100 [690] and Grade 120 [830]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.
Note 1: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used.
Note 2: Designers need to be aware that design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar size included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.  
1.5 Requirements for alternate bar sizes are presented in Annex A1. The requirements in Annex A1 only apply when specified by the purchaser (see 4.2.4).  
1.6 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bend testing of bar designation Nos. 14 and 18 [43, 57], and bar designation Nos. 40, 50, and 60 in Annex A1, is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order.  
1.7 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.8 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1035) or in SI units (as Specification A1035M).  
1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the...