SIST EN 15446:2008
Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks
Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks
This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % by weight has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 °C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year)1). This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen von Gasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungen und Rohrleitungen
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die Messung fugitiver Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOCs) aus Prozesseinrichtungen. Mögliche Leckagequellen können zum Beispiel Ventile, Flansche und andere Verbindungselemente, Druckentspannungseinrichtungen, Auslassöffnungen, offene Ventile sowie Pumpen- und Kompressordichtungssysteme, Antriebsdichtungen und Dichtungen von Einstiegsöffnungen darstellen. Eine Anwendbarkeit für Messgasleitungen ist nicht gegeben.
Diese Norm gilt für alle Produkte, die Substanzen beinhalten, die bei einer Temperatur von 20 °C einen Dampfdruck oberhalb 0,3 kPa aufweisen und bei denen diese Substanzen insgesamt einem Anteil von mindestens 20 % Massenanteil entsprechen. Für die erdölverarbeitende Industrie schließt dieses alle leichten Erzeugnisse ein und schließt Kerosin und alle schwereren Erzeugnisse aus.
Grundlage der Ausführungen dieser Norm stellt die Messung von Gaskonzentrationen an Leckageflächen dar. Diese Konzentration wird mit einem tragbaren Gerät gemessen. Über geeignete Korrelationsfaktoren wird die gemessene Konzentration in eine massenbezogene Emissionsrate umgerechnet. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm umfasst die gesamte Datenverarbeitung ausgehend von der ersten Konzentrationsmessung bis zur Erstellung eines Emissionsberichtes über eine vorgegebene Berichtsdauer (im Allgemeinen ein Jahr) ).
Diese Norm legt nicht die Anzahl potentieller Emissionspunkte fest, die jährlich untersucht werden sollten, und auch nicht die Häufigkeit, mit der diese Punkte untersucht werden sollten. Diese spezifische Probenahmestrategie kann nur in Abhängigkeit von der Anlagencharakteristik und dem erforderlichen Umfang bzw. der Notwendigkeit einer Verhinderung diffuser Emissionen festgelegt werden.
Optische Verfahren zum vereinfachten Aufspüren von Leckagen in technischen Anlagen befinden sich derzeit in der Entwicklung.
Emissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Mesurage de l’émission fugitive de composés gazeux provenant de fuites d’équipement et canalisation
La présente norme s’applique à la mesure des émissions fugitives des composés organiques volatils (COV)
provenant des équipements de production. Les sources d’émission concernées peuvent apparaître
notamment au niveau de la robinetterie, brides et autres raccords, soupapes, lignes de purge, fin de ligne
ouverte, garniture d’étanchéité de pompe et compresseur, joints d’agitateur et joints de portes d’accès. La
présente norme ne s’applique pas aux raccords de tubulures des instruments.
La présente norme s’applique à tous les fluides dont au moins 20 % en masse de produits ont une tension de
vapeur supérieure à 0,3 kPa à 20 °C. Pour l’industrie pétrolière, cela inclut tous les produits légers et exclut le
kérosène et tous les produits plus lourds.
La présente norme est basée sur la mesure de la concentration de gaz à l’interface de sa sortie. Cette
concentration est mesurée au moyen d’un instrument portatif. Elle est convertie en débit d’émission massique
à l’aide d’un ensemble d’équations de corrélation. Le domaine d'application de la présente norme inclut le
traitement de données complet, depuis ces mesures de concentration jusqu’à la production d’un rapport relatif
à l’émission sur une période donnée (qui est généralement une année)1).
La présente norme ne prescrit pas le nombre de points d’émission potentielle qu'il convient de contrôler
chaque année, ni la fréquence de ces contrôles. Cette stratégie de contrôle doit en effet prendre en compte
les caractéristiques des installations et le niveau requis de contrôle concernant les émissions fugitives.
Les méthodes optiques sont actuellement en cours de développement afin de faciliter la détection de fuites
dans les installations ; l’utilisation de cette norme conjuguée à ces méthodes pourrait peut être s'avérer
possible. De toute façon, les mesures doivent être effectuées conformément aux exigences de la présente
norme.
Ubežne in razpršene emisije skupnega pomena za industrijske sektorje - Meritve ubežnih emisij par, ki nastajajo zaradi netesnosti naprav in puščanja cevovodov
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen von Gasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungen und RohrleitungenEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Mesurage de l’émission fugitive de composés gazeux provenant de fuites d’équipement et canalisationFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks13.040.40Stationary source emissionsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15446:2008SIST EN 15446:2008en,fr,de01-marec-2008SIST EN 15446:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 15446:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15446January 2008ICS 13.040.40 English VersionFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industrysectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapoursgenerating from equipment and piping leaksEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant les secteursindustriels - Mesurage des émissions fugitives decomposés gazeux provenant d'équipements et decanalisationsFugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interessefür Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen vonGasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungenund RohrleitungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15446:2008: ESIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Measurement equipment.6 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases.7 6 Procedures.8 7 Precision.11 8 Report.12 Annex A (normative)
Evaluation procedure of instrument performance parameters.13 Annex B (normative)
Calculation of response factor for mixtures.14 Annex C (normative)
Correlation between screening values and emission rates.15 Bibliography.17
SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15446:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This European Standard has been elaborated under a mandate of the European Commission/DG Enterprise to support essential requirements of the IPPC Directive (96/61/EC). The horizontal approach of common concern to industrial sectors is to gather industries concerned with diffuse/fugitive emissions and to develop methods suiting their needs. The industries of three trade associations have participated: EUROFER, EUROMETAUX and CEFIC. For practical reasons the two developed measurement methods, one for dusts and the other for gases are published as two separate standards. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 4 Introduction A portable instrument is used to detect VOC leaks from individual sources. Any detector type is allowed, provided it meets the specifications and performance criteria contained in Clause 5. This procedure is intended to locate the leaks, and to estimate the mass emission rate from individual sources and the total emission of the industrial facility over a reporting period by using: EPA or user-defined correlations whenever possible; fixed emission factors, in all other cases. SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % by weight has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 °C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year)1). This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions.
Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2002)
3
Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive emission emission to the atmosphere caused by loss of tightness of an item which is designed to be tight 3.2 screening action of measuring the concentration in VOC at the interface of a potential leak source 3.3 screening Value local VOC concentration at the surface of a leak source that indicates a VOC emission is present
1) The standard aims at significantly improving the consistency of emissions reporting, however determination of the trueness of the method is not in the current scope of the TWG. SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 6 NOTE The value is an instrument reading based on a reference compound. These values are indicated in ppm(v/v) (abbreviated as ppm in the remainder of the text). 3.4 threshold concentration pre-set performance target for the individual sources 3.5 reference compound VOC substance selected to express the screening value concentration 3.6 calibration gas VOC substance used to adjust the instrument meter reading to a known value NOTE The calibration gas is usually the reference compound at a predefined concentration. 3.7 response factor ratio between the actual concentration of VOC present at the location where a screening measurement is made and the observed meter reading NOTE This ratio represents the correction that shall be applied to the meter reading to take into account that the meter has been calibrated with a calibration gas that can be different from the substance or mix of substances present in a leak. 3.8 calibration precision degree of agreement between several measurements of calibration gas with the same known concentration NOTE It is the ratio of the average absolute value of the difference between the meter readings and the known concentration to the known concentration, expressed in percent. 3.9 response time time interval from a step change in VOC concentration at the input of the sampling system to the time at which 90 % of the corresponding final value is reached as displayed on the instrument readout meter 4 Measurement equipment 4.1 Specifications of equipment 1) VOC instrument detector shall respond to the compounds being screened. Detector types that may meet this requirement include, but are not limited to, catalytic oxidation, flame ionisation, infrared absorption, and photo ionisation.
2) Maximum admissible lower detection limit of the detector provided by the manufacturer shall be 10 ppm. 3) Scale resolution of the instrument meter shall be ± 5 % of the threshold concentration. 4) Instrument shall be equipped with a pump so that a continuous sample is provided to the detector. The nominal sample flow rate shall be 0,2 l/min2) to 1,2 l/min2). 5) Instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in explosive atmospheres.
6) Instrument shall be equipped with a probe or probe extension for sampling with a maximum outside diameter of 6,4 mm, with a single end opening for admission of the sample.
2) Based on available equipment. Actual range is 0,25 to 1,0 l/min. SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 7 7) Instruments used for quantification of fugitive emissions shall have a minimum measurement range up to 50 000 ppm. NOTE In case a survey is performed solely to detect leaks or verify repair quality and is not intended to be used for emission quantification purposes, these requirements do not apply.
4.2 Performance criteria 1) Instrument response factors for the individual compounds to be measured shall be less than 10. 2) Instrument response time shall be equal to or less than 5 s. The response time shall be determined for the instrument configuration to be used during screening. 3) Calibration precision shall be lower or equal to 10 % of the calibration gas value. 4) Evaluation procedure for each of these parameters is given in Annex A. 4.3 Performance evaluation requirements 1) Response factors shall be determined according to the requirements set in 6.4. In case these need to be used, the determination of the response factors should take place before actual measurements are performed. 2) Calibration precision test shall be completed prior to placing the analyser into service, and at subsequent 3 month intervals or at the next use, whichever is later. 3) Response time test is required before placing a new instrument into service for the first time. If a modification to the sample pumping system or flow configuration is made that would change the response time, a new test is required before further use. 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases 1) Monitoring instrument is calibrated in parts per million by volume [ppm(v/v)] of the reference compound specified in the applicable regulation when possible, or with another calibration gas.
2) Gases required for monitoring and instrument performance evaluation are:
– zero gas (air, less than 10 ppm VOC);
– mixture of calibration gas in air with a concentration approximately equal to the threshold
concentration specified in the regulation (two different concentrations are used, usually
1 000 ppm and 10 000 ppm). 3) If cylinder calibration gas mixtures are used, the concentration in calibration gas shall be analysed and certified by the manufacturer to be within ± 2 % accuracy, and a shelf life should be certified. Cylinder standards shall be either reanalysed or replaced at the end of the specified shelf life. Alternatively, calibration gases may be prepared by the user according to any documented gas preparation procedure that will yield a mixture accurate to within + or - 2 %. Prepared standards will be replaced each day of use unless it can be demonstrated that no degradation occurs during storage.
4) Calibration may be performed using a compound other than the reference compound provided a conversion factor is determined for that alternative compound in order to convert the resulting meter readings during emission surveys to reference compound measurements. SIST EN 15446:2008
EN 15446:2008 (E) 8 6 Procedures 6.1 Preparation 1) At the beginning of the instrument performance evaluation test, assemble and start up the instrument according to the manufacturer's instructions for the recommended warm-up period and preliminary adjustments. 2) Perform the instrument response time test and calibration precision test provided in Annex A when required. This evaluation shall be performed at first use and after instrument maintenance. 6.2 Check and adjustment 1) Assemble and start up the VOC analyser according to the manufacturer's instructions. After the appropriate warm-up period and zero internal calibration procedure, introduce the calibration gas into the instrument sample probe. 2) Introduce the calibration gas with the highest concentration into the instrument sample probe and adjust the instrument meter readout to correspond to the calibration gas value.
3) If the meter readout cannot be adjusted to the proper value, a malfunction of the analyser is indicated and corrective action should be taken before use. 4) Check the instrument with the calibration gas with the lower concentration, according to the manufacturer’s instructions3). If the reading is within 10 % of the calibration gas concentration, the check is accepted. Otherwise the check procedure needs to be restarted or corrective action is required. 5) Checking of the VOC analyser as per articles 1 to 4 in clause 6.2 should be performed at least once a day, before starting the measurements. If checks are performed during the day and the reading is found to be deviating from the calibration gas concentration by more than 10 %, the instrument needs to be adjusted and r
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