EN 15446:2008
(Main)Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks
Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks
This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections.
This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % wt has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 °C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products.
The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year) ).
This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions.
Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen von Gasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungen und Rohrleitungen
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die Messung fugitiver Emissionen flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen (VOCs) aus Prozesseinrichtungen. Mögliche Leckagequellen können zum Beispiel Ventile, Flansche und andere Verbindungselemente, Druckentspannungseinrichtungen, Auslassöffnungen, offene Ventile sowie Pumpen- und Kompressordichtungssysteme, Antriebsdichtungen und Dichtungen von Einstiegsöffnungen darstellen. Eine Anwendbarkeit für Messgasleitungen ist nicht gegeben.
Diese Norm gilt für alle Produkte, die Substanzen beinhalten, die bei einer Temperatur von 20 °C einen Dampfdruck oberhalb 0,3 kPa aufweisen und bei denen diese Substanzen insgesamt einem Anteil von mindestens 20 % Massenanteil entsprechen. Für die erdölverarbeitende Industrie schließt dieses alle leichten Erzeugnisse ein und schließt Kerosin und alle schwereren Erzeugnisse aus.
Grundlage der Ausführungen dieser Norm stellt die Messung von Gaskonzentrationen an Leckageflächen dar. Diese Konzentration wird mit einem tragbaren Gerät gemessen. Über geeignete Korrelationsfaktoren wird die gemessene Konzentration in eine massenbezogene Emissionsrate umgerechnet. Der Anwendungsbereich dieser Norm umfasst die gesamte Datenverarbeitung ausgehend von der ersten Konzentrationsmessung bis zur Erstellung eines Emissionsberichtes über eine vorgegebene Berichtsdauer (im Allgemeinen ein Jahr) ).
Diese Norm legt nicht die Anzahl potentieller Emissionspunkte fest, die jährlich untersucht werden sollten, und auch nicht die Häufigkeit, mit der diese Punkte untersucht werden sollten. Diese spezifische Probenahmestrategie kann nur in Abhängigkeit von der Anlagencharakteristik und dem erforderlichen Umfang bzw. der Notwendigkeit einer Verhinderung diffuser Emissionen festgelegt werden.
Optische Verfahren zum vereinfachten Aufspüren von Leckagen in technischen Anlagen befinden sich derzeit in der Entwicklung.
Emissions fugitives et diffuses concernant les secteurs industriels - Mesurage des émissions fugitives de composés gazeux provenant d'équipements et de canalisations
La présente norme s’applique à la mesure des émissions fugitives des composés organiques volatils (COV)
provenant des équipements de production. Les sources d’émission concernées peuvent apparaître
notamment au niveau de la robinetterie, brides et autres raccords, soupapes, lignes de purge, fin de ligne
ouverte, garniture d’étanchéité de pompe et compresseur, joints d’agitateur et joints de portes d’accès. La
présente norme ne s’applique pas aux raccords de tubulures des instruments.
La présente norme s’applique à tous les fluides dont au moins 20 % en masse de produits ont une tension de
vapeur supérieure à 0,3 kPa à 20 °C. Pour l’industrie pétrolière, cela inclut tous les produits légers et exclut le
kérosène et tous les produits plus lourds.
La présente norme est basée sur la mesure de la concentration de gaz à l’interface de sa sortie. Cette
concentration est mesurée au moyen d’un instrument portatif. Elle est convertie en débit d’émission massique
à l’aide d’un ensemble d’équations de corrélation. Le domaine d'application de la présente norme inclut le
traitement de données complet, depuis ces mesures de concentration jusqu’à la production d’un rapport relatif
à l’émission sur une période donnée (qui est généralement une année)1).
La présente norme ne prescrit pas le nombre de points d’émission potentielle qu'il convient de contrôler
chaque année, ni la fréquence de ces contrôles. Cette stratégie de contrôle doit en effet prendre en compte
les caractéristiques des installations et le niveau requis de contrôle concernant les émissions fugitives.
Les méthodes optiques sont actuellement en cours de développement afin de faciliter la détection de fuites
dans les installations ; l’utilisation de cette norme conjuguée à ces méthodes pourrait peut être s'avérer
possible. De toute façon, les mesures doivent être effectuées conformément aux exigences de la présente
norme.
Ubežne in razpršene emisije skupnega pomena za industrijske sektorje - Meritve ubežnih emisij par, ki nastajajo zaradi netesnosti naprav in puščanja cevovodov
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 22-Jan-2008
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Jul-2008
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 264 - Air quality
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 04-Sep-2023
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Overview
EN 15446:2008 (CEN) defines a standardized procedure for measuring fugitive and diffuse emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment and piping. The standard covers on-site screening using a portable VOC instrument at the interface of potential leak sources (valves, flanges, relief devices, pump/compressor seals, agitator and access-door seals, etc.), conversion of concentration readings to mass emission rates using correlations or emission factors, and the full data processing chain up to an annual emission report.
Scope highlights
- Applies to products with ≥20% wt having vapour pressure > 0.3 kPa at 20 °C (petroleum: includes light products; excludes kerosene and heavier).
- Excludes instrument tubing connections and items under vacuum.
- Does not prescribe screening frequency or number of points - sampling strategy is plant-specific.
- Optical leak-detection methods are under development; current measurements must follow this standard.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Measurement principle: Concentration measured at leak interface with a portable instrument, then converted to mass emission rate via correlations (EPA or user-defined) or fixed factors.
- Permitted detector types: catalytic oxidation, flame ionisation (FID), infrared absorption, photoionisation, etc.
- Instrument performance:
- Lower detection limit ≤ 10 ppm; measurement range to 50 000 ppm for quantification.
- Probe max outside diameter 6.4 mm, single-end opening; instrument must be intrinsically safe.
- Nominal sample flow ~0.2–1.2 L/min (practical 0.25–1.0 L/min).
- Performance criteria: response factor < 10; response time ≤ 5 s; calibration precision ≤ 10%.
- Calibration & gases: Use zero gas (<10 ppm) and calibration mixtures (typical 1 000 ppm and 10 000 ppm). Cylinder standards must be certified ±2% or prepared by validated procedures.
- Screening procedure: Place probe at interface, sweep periphery, identify maximum reading, hold at max location for ~2× instrument response time, record screening value (ppm). Account for wind (>0.5 m/s) and accessibility/safety exclusions.
- Quality control: Daily checks before surveys; calibration precision checks prior to service and every 3 months or at next use. Annexes define performance evaluation, response-factor calculations and correlation to emission rates.
Applications - who uses EN 15446:2008
- Environmental compliance officers and air quality managers for regulatory reporting (IPPC-related reporting).
- Emissions engineers and consultants performing fugitive VOC surveys, leak detection & repair programs (LDAR), and emissions inventories.
- Refinery and chemical plant operators implementing routine screening and annual emissions estimation.
- Instrumentation technicians and field survey teams selecting and validating portable VOC analysers.
Related standards and references
- ISO 5725-2 referenced for determining repeatability and reproducibility (accuracy of measurement methods).
- EN 15446 includes normative annexes for instrument performance evaluation, response factors for mixtures, and correlations between screening values and emission rates.
Keywords: EN 15446:2008, fugitive emissions, VOC measurement, leak detection, portable VOC analyser, screening value, emission reporting, CEN standard.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 15446:2008 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Fugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks". This standard covers: This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % wt has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 °C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year) ). This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
This standard applies to the measurement of fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The leak sources include, but are not limited to, valves, flanges and other connections, pressure relief devices, process drains, open-ended valves, pump and compressor seal systems, agitator seals, and access door seals. It does not apply to instrument tubing connections. This standard applies to all products of which at least 20 % wt has a vapour pressure higher than 0,3 kPa at 20 °C. For the petroleum industry, this includes all light products and excludes kerosene and all heavier products. The standard is based on the measurement of the gas concentration at the interface of a leak. This concentration is measured with a portable instrument. It is converted to a mass emission rate by use of a set of correlations. The scope of this standard includes the complete data processing, from the initial concentration measurement up to the generation of an emission report over a reporting period (which is generally one year) ). This standard does not prescribe the number of potential emission points that should be screened each year nor the frequency at which these points should be screened. This sampling strategy shall indeed take into account the plant characteristics and the required level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
EN 15446:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.040.40 - Stationary source emissions. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 15446:2008 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 96/61/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/EXP. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Fugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interesse für Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen von Gasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungen und RohrleitungenEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant divers secteurs industriels - Mesurage de l’émission fugitive de composés gazeux provenant de fuites d’équipement et canalisationFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industry sectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapours generating from equipment and piping leaks13.040.40Stationary source emissionsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15446:2008SIST EN 15446:2008en,fr,de01-marec-2008SIST EN 15446:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15446January 2008ICS 13.040.40 English VersionFugitive and diffuse emissions of common concern to industrysectors - Measurement of fugitive emission of vapoursgenerating from equipment and piping leaksEmissions fugitives et diffuses concernant les secteursindustriels - Mesurage des émissions fugitives decomposés gazeux provenant d'équipements et decanalisationsFugitive und diffuse Emissionen von allgemeinem Interessefür Industriebereiche - Messung fugitiver Emissionen vonGasen und Dämpfen aus Lecks von Betriebseinrichtungenund RohrleitungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 November 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15446:2008: ESIST EN 15446:2008
Evaluation procedure of instrument performance parameters.13 Annex B (normative)
Calculation of response factor for mixtures.14 Annex C (normative)
Correlation between screening values and emission rates.15 Bibliography.17
Optical methods are currently under development to ease the detection of leaks in plants and use of this standard in conjunction with these methods might be possible. In any case, measurements have to be performed according to the requirements of this standard. To enable direct quantification of total fugitive emissions based only on these methods, a subsequent revision of this standard will be needed.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method (ISO 5725-2:1994 including Technical Corrigendum 1:2002)
Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 fugitive emission emission to the atmosphere caused by loss of tightness of an item which is designed to be tight 3.2 screening action of measuring the concentration in VOC at the interface of a potential leak source 3.3 screening Value local VOC concentration at the surface of a leak source that indicates a VOC emission is present
1) The standard aims at significantly improving the consistency of emissions reporting, however determination of the trueness of the method is not in the current scope of the TWG. SIST EN 15446:2008
2) Maximum admissible lower detection limit of the detector provided by the manufacturer shall be 10 ppm. 3) Scale resolution of the instrument meter shall be ± 5 % of the threshold concentration. 4) Instrument shall be equipped with a pump so that a continuous sample is provided to the detector. The nominal sample flow rate shall be 0,2 l/min2) to 1,2 l/min2). 5) Instrument shall be intrinsically safe for operation in explosive atmospheres.
6) Instrument shall be equipped with a probe or probe extension for sampling with a maximum outside diameter of 6,4 mm, with a single end opening for admission of the sample.
2) Based on available equipment. Actual range is 0,25 to 1,0 l/min. SIST EN 15446:2008
4.2 Performance criteria 1) Instrument response factors for the individual compounds to be measured shall be less than 10. 2) Instrument response time shall be equal to or less than 5 s. The response time shall be determined for the instrument configuration to be used during screening. 3) Calibration precision shall be lower or equal to 10 % of the calibration gas value. 4) Evaluation procedure for each of these parameters is given in Annex A. 4.3 Performance evaluation requirements 1) Response factors shall be determined according to the requirements set in 6.4. In case these need to be used, the determination of the response factors should take place before actual measurements are performed. 2) Calibration precision test shall be completed prior to placing the analyser into service, and at subsequent 3 month intervals or at the next use, whichever is later. 3) Response time test is required before placing a new instrument into service for the first time. If a modification to the sample pumping system or flow configuration is made that would change the response time, a new test is required before further use. 5 Chemicals / Calibration gases 1) Monitoring instrument is calibrated in parts per million by volume [ppm(v/v)] of the reference compound specified in the applicable regulation when possible, or with another calibration gas.
2) Gases required for monitoring and instrument performance evaluation are:
– zero gas (air, less than 10 ppm VOC);
– mixture of calibration gas in air with a concentration approximately equal to the threshold
concentration specified in the regulation (two different concentrations are used, usually
1 000 ppm and 10 000 ppm). 3) If cylinder calibration gas mixtures are used, the concentration in calibration gas shall be analysed and certified by the manufacturer to be within ± 2 % accuracy, and a shelf life should be certified. Cylinder standards shall be either reanalysed or replaced at the end of the specified shelf life. Alternatively, calibration gases may be prepared by the user according to any documented gas preparation procedure that will yield a mixture accurate to within + or - 2 %. Prepared standards will be replaced each day of use unless it can be demonstrated that no degradation occurs during storage.
4) Calibration may be performed using a compound other than the reference compound provided a conversion factor is determined for that alternative compound in order to convert the resulting meter readings during emission surveys to reference compound measurements. SIST EN 15446:2008
3) If the meter readout cannot be adjusted to the proper value, a malfunction of the analyser is indicated and corrective action should be taken before use. 4) Check the instrument with the calibration gas with the lower concentration, according to the manufacturer’s instructions3). If the reading is within 10 % of the calibration gas concentration, the check is accepted. Otherwise the check procedure needs to be restarted or corrective action is required. 5) Checking of the VOC analyser as per articles 1 to 4 in clause 6.2 should be performed at least once a day, before starting the measurements. If checks are performed during the day and the reading is found to be deviating from the calibration gas concentration by more than 10 %, the instrument needs to be adjusted and r
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記事タイトル：EN 15446:2008 - さまざまな産業部門に共通の関心事である漏洩および拡散排出物 - 機器および配管漏れから発生する蒸気の漏洩量の測定 記事内容：この規格は、プロセス装置からの揮発性有機化合物（VOC）の漏洩排出を測定するために適用されます。漏れの原因としては、バルブ、フランジ、その他の接続部、圧力解放装置、プロセスドレン、開放バルブ、ポンプおよび圧縮機シールシステム、攪拌装置のシール、アクセスドアのシールなどが含まれますが、計器チュービング接続には適用されません。 この規格は、少なくとも20％重量が20℃で0.3 kPa以上の蒸気圧を有する製品に適用されます。石油産業では、これに軽質の製品が含まれ、ケロシンおよびより重い製品は除外されます。 この規格は、漏れのインタフェースでの気体濃度を測定することを基にしています。この濃度は、ポータブルな機器を使用して測定されます。それは相関関係を使用して質量排出量に変換されます。この規格の範囲には、初期濃度の測定から報告期間（通常は1年間）にわたる排出報告書の作成まで、すべてのデータ処理が含まれます。 この規格は、年間スクリーニングすべき潜在的な排出ポイントの数や頻度を規定していません。このサンプリング戦略は、プラントの特性と漏洩排出に対する制御レベルを考慮する必要があります。 光学的な方法は現在開発中であり、プラント内の漏れを容易に検出するために使用されていますが、この規格をこの方法と組み合わせて使用することも可能です。いずれにせよ、測定はこの規格の要件に従って行う必要があります。これらの方法だけで総漏洩排出量を直接定量化するためには、この規格の今後の改訂が必要となるでしょう。
기사 제목: EN 15446:2008 - 산업 부문에 공통으로 관심을 가지고 있는 난연체와 확산체 배출물 - 장비 및 파이프 누출로부터 발생하는 증기의 난연 배출량 측정 기사 내용: 이 표준은 공정 장비로부터 난연성 유기 화합물(VOCs)의 난연 배출을 측정하는 데 적용된다. 누출 원인으로는 밸브, 플랜지, 기타 연결점, 압력 해제 장치, 공정 배출구, 개방형 밸브, 펌프 및 압축기 밀봉 시스템, 광학식 및 접근문 밀봉 등이 포함되지만, 계기 관련 관점에서는 적용되지 않는다. 이 표준은 최소 20%의 질량이 20°C에서 0.3 kPa 이상인 증기 압력을 갖고 있는 모든 제품에 적용된다. 석유 산업에서는 이에 가벼운 제품은 모두 포함되고 석유, 케로센 및 더 무거운 제품은 제외된다. 이 표준은 누출 지점의 인터페이스에서 가스 농도를 측정하는 것을 기반으로 한다. 이 농도는 휴대용 기기를 사용하여 측정된다. 일련의 상관 관계를 사용하여 질량 배출률로 변환된다. 이 표준은 초기 농도 측정부터 보고 기간(일반적으로 1년)에 걸친 배출 보고서 작성까지 모든 데이터 처리를 포함한다. 이 표준은 매년 화재 위험이 있는 배출 지점의 수나 스크리닝 빈도를 규정하지 않는다. 이 샘플링 전략은 화장실 특성과 난연 배출에 대한 통제 수준을 고려해야 한다. 현재 광학 방법이 식물 내 누출을 감지하는 데 사용되고 있으며, 이 표준과 함께 이러한 방법을 사용하는 것이 가능할 수 있다. 어쨌든, 이 표준의 요구 사항에 따라 측정이 수행되어야 한다. 단독으로 총 난연 배출을 직접적으로 측정하기 위해서는 이 표준의 후속 개정이 필요할 것이다.
The article discusses the standard EN 15446:2008, which is about measuring fugitive emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from process equipment. The standard applies to various leak sources, such as valves, flanges, and pressure relief devices, but not instrument tubing connections. It applies to products with a vapor pressure higher than 0.3 kPa at 20°C, excluding kerosene and heavier products. The standard involves measuring gas concentration at the leak interface using a portable instrument and converting it to a mass emission rate through correlations. It also includes data processing for generating an emission report. The standard does not specify the number of emission points to be screened or the frequency of screening, as this depends on plant characteristics and the desired level of control over fugitive emissions. Optical methods are being developed to detect leaks more easily, and future revisions of the standard may incorporate these methods for quantifying total fugitive emissions.
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