SIST ISO 10849:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10849
Second edition
2022-09
Stationary source emissions —
Determination of the mass
concentration of nitrogen oxides
in flue gas — Performance
characteristics of automated
measuring systems
Émissions de sources fixes — Détermination de la concentration en
masse des oxydes d'azote dans les effluents gazeux — Caractéristiques
de performance des systèmes de mesurage automatiques
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.4
5 Principle . 5
6 Description of the automated measuring systems . 5
6.1 Sampling and sample gas conditioning systems . 5
6.2 Analyser equipment . 6
7 Performance characteristics and criteria . 6
7.1 Performance criteria . 6
7.2 Determination of the performance characteristics . 7
7.2.1 Performance test . 7
7.2.2 Ongoing quality control . 7
8 Selection and installation procedure . 7
8.1 Choice of the measuring system . 7
8.2 Sampling . 8
8.2.1 Sampling location . 8
8.2.2 Representative sampling . 8
8.3 Calculation . 8
8.3.1 Conversion from volume to mass concentration for NO . 8
8.3.2 Calculation of NO and NO concentrations . 9
2 x
9 Quality assurance and quality control procedures . 9
9.1 General . 9
9.2 Frequency of checks. 9
9.3 Calibration, validation and measurement uncertainty . 10
10 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Extractive NO, NO or NO measurement systems .12
2 x
Annex B (informative) In situ NO and NO measurement systems .22
Annex C (normative) NO -NO converter .26
Annex D (normative) Operational gases . .28
Annex E (normative) Procedures for determination of the performance characteristics .29
Annex F (informative) Examples of results for the validation of NO AMS .37
x
Annex G (informative) Calculation of uncertainty of measurement of NO and/NO or NO .41
2 x
Bibliography .47
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 146, Air quality, Subcommittee SC 1,
Stationary source emissions.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10849:1996), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the structure and the components have been updated to be similar to the latest editions of e.g.
ISO 12039 (measurement of CO, CO and O ), ISO 17179 (measurement of NH ), ISO 13199
2 2 3
(measurement of total VOC), ISO 25140 (measurement of CH ), ISO 21258 (measurement of N O);
4 2
— Clause 3 has been updated (addition or deletion and change in terms and definitions);
— a new analytical technique has been added (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) for
measurement of NO and NO or NO ;
2 x
— the performance characteristics and criteria as well as QA/QC procedures have been changed to
harmonize with latest ISO standards;
— examples of performance test results and the results of uncertainty calculation have been added for
NO and NO or NO measurement.
2 x
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Nitrogen oxides are produced during most combustion processes. In fossil fuel combustion, nitrogen
oxides are produced from nitrogen contained in the fuel and from the oxidation of nitrogen in the air
used for combustion. The quantity of nitrogen oxides produced depends upon the nitrogen content of
the fuel, the combustor design, and the combustor operating conditions.
In flue gases from conventional boiler combustion systems, the nitrogen oxides consist of approximately
95 % nitrogen monoxide (NO). The remaining oxide is predominantly nitrogen dioxide (NO ) formed
from the oxidation of NO when the flue gas temperature decreases. These two oxides (NO + NO ) are
generally designated as NO . It should be noted that in other processes the ratio of NO to NO , may be
x 2
different and other nitrogen oxides may be present.
There are numerous ways of determining nitrogen oxides in the gases of combustion plants, both wet
chemical/analytical methods and instrumental techniques.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10849:2022(E)
Stationary source emissions — Determination of the
mass concentration of nitrogen oxides in flue gas —
Performance characteristics of automated measuring
systems
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of nitrogen oxides (NO ) in flue gas of
x
stationary sources and describes the fundamental structure and the key performance characteristics
of automated measuring systems.
The method allows continuous monitoring with permanently installed measuring systems of NO
x
emissions.
This document describes extractive systems and in situ (non-extractive) systems in connection with a
range of analysers that operate using, for example, the following principles:
— chemiluminescence (CL);
— infrared absorption (NDIR);
— Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy;
— ultraviolet absorption (NDUV);
— differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS);
Other equivalent instrumental methods such as laser spectroscopic techniques can be used provided
they meet the minimum performance requirements specified in this document. The measuring system
can be validated with reference materials, in accordance with this document, or comparable methods.
Automated measuring system (AMS) based on the principles listed above has been used successfully in
this application for the measuring ranges as shown in Annex F.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9169, Air quality — Definition and determination of performance characteristics of an automatic
measuring system
ISO 14956, Air quality — Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a
required measurement uncertainty
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analyser
analytical part in an extractive or in situ automated measuring system (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 12039:2019, 3.1]
3.2
automated measuring system
AMS
measuring system interacting with the flue gas under investigation, returning an output signal
proportional to the physic
...