Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon content (C10 to C40) in solid waste by gas chromatography.
It is applicable to hydrocarbon content between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg expressed as dry matter basis.
Using this standard all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of approximately 175 °C to 525 °C, e.g. n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as hydrocarbons, provided they do not adsorb on the Florisil column during clean-up. Volatile hydrocarbons cannot be quantitatively determined using this standard. This will affect the determination of some common hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. petrol.
NOTE 1   On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram (see Annex A) and of the boiling points of the individual n alkanes listed in Annex B the approximate boiling range of the hydrocarbons and some qualitative information on the nature of the hydrocarbons can be obtained.
NOTE 2   At the moment there is no sufficient information on how to handle organic liquid wastes for the analysis of hydrocarbons.
NOTE 3   Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed in accordance with EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in Annex E.
NOTE 3   Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed according to EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in annex E.

Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des Gehalts an Kohlenwasserstoffen von C10 bis C40 mittels Gaschromatographie

Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Kohlenwasserstoffgehalts (C10 bis C40) in festem Abfall mittels Gaschromatographie fest.
Sie ist anwendbar auf Kohlenwasserstoffgehalte zwischen 100 mg/kg und 10 000 mg/kg, bezogen auf die Trockenmasse.
Im Sinne dieser Norm werden alle Kohlenwasserstoffe mit einem Siedebereich etwa zwischen 175 °C und 525 °C, z. B. n-Alkane von C10H22 bis C40H82, Isoalkane, Cycloalkane, Alkylbenzene, Alkylnaphthalene und polycyclische aromatische Verbindungen, als Kohlenwasserstoffe bestimmt, vorausgesetzt, sie werden während der Reinigung nicht an eine Florisilsäule adsorbiert. Flüchtige Kohlenwasserstoffe können nach dieser Norm nicht quantitativ bestimmt werden. Das beeinträchtigt die Bestimmung einiger gebräuchlicher Kohlenwasserstoffbrennstoffe, z. B. Benzin.
ANMERKUNG 1   Auf der Grundlage der Peakfolge des Gaschromatogramms (siehe Anhang A) und der Siedepunkte der einzelnen in Anhang B aufgeführten n-Alkane können der näherungsweise Siedebereich der Kohlenwasserstoffe und einige qualitative Hinweise über den Ursprung der Kohlenwasserstoffe ermittelt werden.
ANMERKUNG 2   Gegenwärtig ist nicht ausreichend bekannt, wie organische flüssige Abfälle zur Analyse von Kohlenwasserstoffen zu handhaben sind.
ANMERKUNG 3   Proben aus wässrigem flüssigen Abfall können nach EN ISO 9377 2 oder nach dem in Anhang E beschriebenen Verfahren analysiert werden.

Caractérisation des déchets - Détermination de la teneur en hydrocarbures par chromatographie en phase gazeuse dans la plage C10 a C40

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode de détermination quantitative de la teneur en hydrocarbures (C10-C40) par chromatographie en phase gazeuse dans les déchets solides.
Cette méthode est applicable lorsque la teneur en hydrocarbures est comprise entre 100 mg/kg et 10 000 mg/kg rapportée à la matière sèche.
La présente norme permet de déterminer en tant qu'hydrocarbures tous les hydrocarbures ayant une plage d'ébullition comprise entre environ 175 °C et 525 °C, par exemple les n-alcanes de C10H22 à C40H82, les iso-alcanes, les cyclo-alcanes, les alkyl-benzènes, les alkyl-naphthalènes et les composés aromatiques polycycliques dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas adsorbés sur la colonne de Florisil pendant la purification. Les hydrocarbures volatils ne peuvent pas être déterminés quantitativement à l'aide de la présente norme. La détermination de certains carburants hydrocarbonés courants, tels que l'essence, en sera affectée.
NOTE 1   Sur la base du profil chromatographique (voir l'Annexe A) et des points d'ébullition de chaque n-alcane listé dans l'Annexe B, il est possible d'obtenir la plage d'ébullition approximative des hydrocarbures et certaines informations qualitatives concernant le type de ces hydrocarbures.
NOTE 2   Actuellement il n'y a pas suffisamment d'informations disponibles sur la façon de procéder pour l'analyse des hydrocarbures dans les déchets organiques liquides.
NOTE 3   Les échantillons de déchets liquides aqueux peuvent être analysés conformément à l'EN ISO 9377-2 ou par le mode opératoire spécifié en Annexe E.

Karakterizacija odpadkov - Določevanje ogljikovodikov v območju od C10 do C40 s plinsko kromatografijo

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
28-Feb-2005
ICS
13.030.01 - Wastes in general
 
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
KAT - Soil quality
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
01-Mar-2005
Due Date
01-Mar-2005
Completion Date
01-Mar-2005
Ref Project
EN 14039:2004 - Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography

Relations

Child
SIST EN 14345:2005 - Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content by gravimetry
Effective Date
22-Dec-2008

Overview

EN 14039:2004 is a CEN standard for the characterization of waste by the quantitative determination of hydrocarbon content in the C10–C40 range using gas chromatography (GC-FID). It applies to solid wastes and is intended for hydrocarbon concentrations between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg (dry matter). The method targets hydrocarbons with an approximate boiling range of 175 °C to 525 °C (e.g., n‑alkanes C10–C40, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkylbenzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and many polycyclic aromatics), provided they are not retained on the Florisil clean‑up column. Volatile hydrocarbons (e.g., petrol-range compounds) are not reliably quantified by this standard.

Key Topics

  • Scope & applicability: Solid waste analysis; aqueous samples handled via EN ISO 9377‑2 or Annex E; organic liquid wastes currently not fully addressed.
  • Sample handling: Store samples sealed and dark at ~4 °C (short term) or ≤ −18 °C (long term); homogenize prior to analysis.
  • Extraction: Mechanical shaking or sonication with acetone/n‑heptane mixture (preferred solvent) and phase separation; wash organic phase with water.
  • Clean‑up: Adsorption on Florisil column to remove polar interferences (fats/oils can overload Florisil).
  • Chromatography: Capillary non‑polar column with GC and flame ionisation detector (FID); quantify total peak area between retention times of n‑decane (C10) and n‑tetracontane (C40) against an external mineral‑oil calibration standard.
  • Calibration & controls: Use a retention time window (RTW) standard, hydrocarbon calibration solution (mixed mineral oils), system performance standard (even C10–C40 n‑alkanes), blanks and control solutions.
  • Performance limits: Method designed for 100–10 000 mg/kg; excessive polar compounds may interfere if adsorption capacity is exceeded.

Applications

EN 14039:2004 is used by:

  • Environmental and analytical laboratories performing waste and contaminated-soil assessments
  • Waste management companies verifying hydrocarbon contamination levels for classification and disposal
  • Remediation contractors and consultants monitoring treatment effectiveness
  • Regulators and compliance officers assessing conformity with waste characterization requirements

Practical uses include screening and quantifying non‑volatile hydrocarbon contamination in soils, sludges and solid wastes, process control during remediation, and producing defensible laboratory data for reporting and decision making. Note that results are not directly comparable with older IR‑based mineral oil methods without appropriate correlation.

Related Standards

  • EN ISO 9377‑2 - determination of hydrocarbons in aqueous matrices
  • prEN 14346 / EN 14345 - dry matter and gravimetric hydrocarbon methods
  • EN ISO 3696, ISO 8466‑1 - laboratory water and method calibration/performance guidance

Keywords: EN 14039:2004, hydrocarbon content C10‑C40, gas chromatography, waste characterization, Florisil clean‑up, acetone/n‑heptane extraction, GC‑FID.

Frequently Asked Questions

SIST EN 14039:2005 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography". This standard covers: This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon content (C10 to C40) in solid waste by gas chromatography. It is applicable to hydrocarbon content between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg expressed as dry matter basis. Using this standard all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of approximately 175 °C to 525 °C, e.g. n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as hydrocarbons, provided they do not adsorb on the Florisil column during clean-up. Volatile hydrocarbons cannot be quantitatively determined using this standard. This will affect the determination of some common hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. petrol. NOTE 1 On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram (see Annex A) and of the boiling points of the individual n alkanes listed in Annex B the approximate boiling range of the hydrocarbons and some qualitative information on the nature of the hydrocarbons can be obtained. NOTE 2 At the moment there is no sufficient information on how to handle organic liquid wastes for the analysis of hydrocarbons. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed in accordance with EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in Annex E. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed according to EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in annex E.

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon content (C10 to C40) in solid waste by gas chromatography. It is applicable to hydrocarbon content between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg expressed as dry matter basis. Using this standard all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of approximately 175 °C to 525 °C, e.g. n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as hydrocarbons, provided they do not adsorb on the Florisil column during clean-up. Volatile hydrocarbons cannot be quantitatively determined using this standard. This will affect the determination of some common hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. petrol. NOTE 1 On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram (see Annex A) and of the boiling points of the individual n alkanes listed in Annex B the approximate boiling range of the hydrocarbons and some qualitative information on the nature of the hydrocarbons can be obtained. NOTE 2 At the moment there is no sufficient information on how to handle organic liquid wastes for the analysis of hydrocarbons. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed in accordance with EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in Annex E. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed according to EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in annex E.

SIST EN 14039:2005 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.030.01 - Wastes in general; 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

SIST EN 14039:2005 has the following relationships with other standards: It is excused to SIST EN 14345:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase SIST EN 14039:2005 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des Gehalts an Kohlenwasserstoffen von C10 bis C40 mittels GaschromatographieCaractérisation des déchets - Détermination de la teneur en hydrocarbures par chromatographie en phase gazeuse dans la plage C10 a C40Characterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarbon content in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatography71.040.50Fizikalnokemijske analitske metodePhysicochemical methods of analysis13.030.01Odpadki na splošnoWastes in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14039:2004SIST EN 14039:2005en01-marec-2005SIST EN 14039:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14039September 2004ICS 13.030.01 English versionCharacterization of waste - Determination of hydrocarboncontent in the range of C10 to C40 by gas chromatographyCaractérisation des déchets - Détermination de la teneuren hydrocarbures par chromatographie en phase gazeusedans la plage C10 à C40Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Bestimmung des Gehaltsan Kohlenwasserstoffen von C10 bis C40 mittelsGaschromatographieThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 July 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14039:2004: ESIST EN 14039:2005

Examples of gas chromatograms of hydrocarbon standard and waste samples.14 Annex B (informative)
Determination of the boiling range of mineral oil hydrocarbons from the gas chromatogram.18 Annex C (informative)
Flow diagram.19 Annex D (informative)
Aqueous liquid waste.20 Annex E (informative)
Summary of general requirements and recommendations.21 Bibliography.22
1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane or tetrachloromethane. The objective of this standard is to provide an analytical method for the determination of hydrocarbon content by capillary gas chromatography avoiding the use of such solvents. The user of this document should be aware that the results of this standard might not be comparable with those obtained when using the infrared spectroscopy. A mixture of acetone and n-heptane is the preferred extraction solvent. For waste samples containing large amounts of relatively high boiling hydrocarbons the gravimetric method (see EN 14345) can be used. SIST EN 14039:2005

1 Scope This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of the hydrocarbon content (C10 to C40) in solid waste by gas chromatography. It is applicable to hydrocarbon content between 100 mg/kg and 10 000 mg/kg expressed as dry matter basis. Using this standard all hydrocarbons with a boiling range of approximately 175 °C to 525 °C, e.g. n-alkanes from C10H22 to C40H82, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes, alkyl benzenes, alkyl naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatic compounds are determined as hydrocarbons, provided they do not adsorb on the Florisil column during clean-up. Volatile hydrocarbons cannot be quantitatively determined using this standard. This will affect the determination of some common hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. petrol. NOTE 1 On the basis of the peak pattern of the gas chromatogram (see Annex A) and of the boiling points of the individual n-alkanes listed in Annex B the approximate boiling range of the hydrocarbons and some qualitative information on the nature of the hydrocarbons can be obtained. NOTE 2 At the moment there is no sufficient information on how to handle organic liquid wastes for the analysis of hydrocarbons. NOTE 3 Aqueous liquid waste samples can be analysed in accordance with EN ISO 9377-2 or the procedure specified in Annex E. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 14346, Characterization of waste — Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue and water content EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987) ISO 8466-1, Water quality — Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics — Part 1: Statistical evaluation of the linear calibration function 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 hydrocarbon content by gas chromatography sum of compounds that are extractable with with acetone/n-heptane (2+1), provided that  they do not adsorb on Florisil;  they can be chromatographed on a non-polar capillary column with retention times between those of n-decane (C10H22) and n-tetracontane (C40H82) NOTE 1 Substances that comply with this definition are mainly non-polar long chain or branched aliphatic, alicyclic, alkyl substituted aromatic or polycyclic aromatic compounds. NOTE 2 This definition differs from that given in EN 14345. SIST EN 14039:2005

1 Florisil is a trade name for a prepared diatomaceous substance, mainly consisting of anhydrous magnesium silicate. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of this product. Equivalent products may be used if it can be shown to lead to comparable results. SIST EN 14039:2005

2 General purpose hydrocarbon standards for calibration can be obtained from many commercial organisations. Calibration standards specific to this European Standard can be purchased from Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Fachgruppe I.2, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11 D-12489 Berlin, Germany. This information is given for the convenience of users of this European Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by CEN of this product. SIST EN 14039:2005

polysiloxane, modified siloxane polymer, etc.; length:
at least 5 m; internal diameter: 0,1 mm to 0,32 mm; film thickness: 0,25 µm to 1,0 µm. The column should give a base-line separation of the n-alkanes when the system performance standard solution [6.10] is run. NOTE 1 Thermally stable low bleed columns should be preferred. NOTE 2 The use of a pre-column, e.g. wide-bore (0,53 mm internal diameter) deactivated fused silica of at least 2 m of length that suits to the analytical column and connected to it using zero-volume connector is recommended. 8.5 Data system, capable of integrating the total area of the chromatogram, compensating for column bleed and re-integrating after defining a new baseline. 8.6 Glass extraction vessel of at least 100 ml, with ground glass stopper or screw caps incorporating a septum coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 8.7 Glass tube, 25 ml, with ground glass stopper or screw caps incorporating a septum coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 8.8 Separating
funnel, at least 500 ml, with a ground glass stopper. 8.9 Chromatography column for clean-up, glass columns of about 10 mm internal diameter shall be used. The upper part of the column should be widened to use as solvent reservoir and the lower part to be narrowed to form a tip. SIST EN 14039:2005
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